烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

中西传统文化哲学思维比较论纲

由于社会历史的原因,中西传统文化哲学思维有着很大的不同:天人合一与天人对立;人格完善与事业成功;人性是善与人性是恶;以德治国与依法治国;喜鹊报喜与乌鸦报忧;重义轻利与重利轻义;群体本位与个体本位;整体全面与分析深刻;强调求同与强调求异;直觉形象与逻辑抽象;内向含蓄与外向直率;中庸和谐与对立斗争。中西双方应该走着对话、互补、融合的道路,吸取对方之长处,弥补己方之短处,创造一种现代化的综合性的新型文化哲学思维。     

五代宋元明清楷书及其衰落原因

楷书是继隶书之后的一种字体端正、用笔合法、波磔势少的书体。它萌芽于西汉,中经魏晋六朝的成熟、繁荣,至唐极盛,成就辉煌。五代以降的宋、元、明、清楷书,主要学魏晋、北朝和唐人。虽小有创变,异彩纷呈,但总的格局却是呈衰落之势。除了时代的、创作主体、楷书自身的原因以外,最根本的原因是沿袭摹拟之风甚浓,真正独创的作品太少。从整体上说,这一时期楷书艺术成就不高,没有产生如钟繇、二王、颜真卿这样的伟大书家和杰出作品。     

我国机械化秸秆压块饲料技术发展前景与对策(综述)

介绍了机械化秸秆压块饲料技术使用的设备、工艺流程及其发展现状。从生态环境、经济效益、农民增收、原料取材、营养价值、饲喂贮运等方面阐述和分析了该技术的发展前景。就优化发展环境、探索新的经营模式、提高设备水平、加强配套技术研究等方面提出了发展对策。     

《老妇谭》中的人格三结构

弗洛伊德认为人格是包括了本我、自我和超我的一个整体。这三个部分互相影响,在不同的时间内,对个体行为产生不同的支配作用。《老妇谭》里康斯登斯一家,即:儿子、母亲、父亲,就代表着传统父权制社会一个家庭结构的三个层次。正是由于父亲这个"超我"角色对儿子"本我"这个角色的强权压制与左右,才让儿子满怀"厌父"情绪。母亲充当着"自我"的角色,她的调和很重要,但有时又显得软弱无力。     

新疆北部地区蜉蝣目成虫的分类研究

为确定新疆蜉蝣目(Ephemeroptera)昆虫的种类及其分布情况,于1999-2012年,采用D型网水中采样和灯光诱集的方法采集新疆北部的布尔津、哈巴河、喀纳斯、博乐和石河子的蜉蝣目昆虫,进行采集和分类。结果显示,共采集蜉蝣目昆虫3534枚,首次记录了新疆蜉蝣目成虫6科(寡脉蜉科Oligoneuriida、褶缘蜉科Palingeniidae、蜉蝣科Ephemeridae、等蜉科Isonychiidae、小蜉科Ephemerellidae和扁蜉科Heptageniidae)、7属(小寡脉蜉属Oligoneuriella、禽基蜉属Anagenesia、蜉蝣属Ephemera、等蜉属Isonychia、弯握蜉属Drunella、溪颏蜉属Rhithrogena和假蜉属Iron)、8个种(实体蜉Ephemera supposita Eaton、东方蜉Ephemera orientalis McLachlan、江西等蜉Isonychia kiangsinensis Hsu、抚松弯握蜉Drunella fusongensis Su et Gui、三刺弯握蜉Drunellera tricantha Tshernova、贝氏溪颏蜉Rhithrogena bajkovae Sowa、斑假蜉Iron maculates Tshernova、透明假蜉Iron pellucidus Brodsky),并详细描述8个种的主要形态特征。     

伊朗西北部West AzarbaiJan省粉虱种类名录（半翅目：胸喙亚目：粉虱科）

本文调查鉴定了伊朗西北部West Azarbaijan省的粉虱18个属（ Acaudaleyrodes Takahashi，Aleurocanthus Quaintance ﹠ Baker，Aleurochiton TuLLgren，Aleurolobus Quaintance ﹠ Baker，Aleurothrixus Quaintance ﹠ Baker， Aleurotrachelus Quaintance ﹠ Baker，Aleurotuba TrembLay﹠Iaccarino，Aleuroviggianus Iaccarino，Aleyrodes LatreiL-Le，Asterobemisia Trehan，Bemisia Quaintance﹠Baker，Bulgarialeurodes Corbett，Dialeurolobus Danzig，Parabemisia Takahashi，Pealius Quaintance ﹠Baker，Siphoninus SiLvestri，Tetraleurodes CockereLL and Trialeurodes CockereLL）27种，并记述了它们的寄主植物、经济地位、生态与分布情况。     

九孔鲍二倍体与三倍体核型的研究

九孔鲍二倍体细胞染色体数及核型为：2n=32，18m 6sm 8t，NF=56，第1、2、3、4、6、7、9、10、11对为中部着丝粒染色体(m)，第5、8、12对为亚中着丝粒染色体(sm)，第13、14、15、16对为端着丝粒染色体(t)，三倍体细胞染色体数及核型为：3n=48，30m 6sm 12t，NF=84，第1、2、3、4、5、7、8、9、10、12组为中部着丝粒染色体(m)，第6、11为亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm)，第13、14、15、16组为端着丝粒染色体(t)。     

大豆异黄酮对卵巢切除大鼠糖脂代谢和血清瘦素、抵抗素表达的影响

为探讨大豆异黄酮对卵巢切除大鼠糖脂代谢和血清瘦素、抵抗素表达的影响,将12周SD大鼠分成3组,假手术(Sham)组、卵巢切除(OVX)组和大豆异黄酮(OVX+Gen)组,每组7只,卵巢切除术后10 d,OVX组和Sham组大鼠每天腹腔注射生理盐水0.1 ml/只,OVX+Gen组每天注射大豆异黄酮0.2 mg/只,连续注射30 d后处死取血,检测子宫病理改变、血糖血脂和胰岛素水平、血清瘦素和抵抗素含量.结果发现卵巢切除后大鼠总胆固醇、HDL和LDL均增加(P<0.05),但胰岛素、血糖、甘油三酯、血清瘦素和抵抗素水平变化不明显(P>0.05);卵巢切除后补充大豆异黄酮,可促进子宫内膜上皮部分增生,但胰岛素、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、LDL和HDL、血清瘦素和抵抗素水平均无明显变化(与OVX组相比,P>0.05),结果提示大豆异黄酮对卵巢切除大鼠糖脂代谢参数和血清瘦素、抵抗素水平影响不大.     

几何机器人的研究与发展

 阐述了几何机器人的基本概念、数学构型、力学机制、工程应用、艺术设计及哲学思考。以几何机器人的科学研究为基础,提出以几何机器人为载体的MSEAP 研究与教育理念,即将数学、科学、工程、艺术和哲学融合于几何机器人的学习、研究以及应用,旨在修养形成数学家的逻辑思维、科学家的创新精神、工程师的实践能力、艺术家的美学视野、哲学家的普世情怀。     

基于文献计量分析的流域山水林田湖草生命共同体研究进展与展望

生态文明建设的深入实施,推动山水林田湖草生命共同体研究进入一个崭新的发展阶段.采用VOSviewer、CiteSpace 5.1 R8软件分析及文献归纳方法,识别了山水林田湖草、生态清洁小流域的研究热点,梳理了山水林田湖草生命共同体研究,主要内容包括系统治理、生态保护修复、土地整治以及流域生命共同体研究的发展特征.在此基础上,从理论层面、研究内容、研究尺度、数据支撑4个方面指出未来流域山水林田湖草生命共同体的研究热点.