鄯善油田储层裂缝特征及形成时期

通过野外岩石节理裂缝的观测、钻井岩心描述测量、倾角测井裂缝识别，认为鄯善油田储层：构造裂缝发育，岩心观测到的裂缝平均线密度为０．４１条／ｍ，野外观测平均线密度为２．６６条／ｍ；以高角度缝以及垂直缝为主；裂缝方位主要为ＮＥ３０°～４０°，ＮＷ３１０°～３３０°；充填严重，８０％以上裂缝已被方解石充填；以闭合缝为主。指出：鄯善油田构造形态是在近南北挤压作用下形成的，侏罗纪末燕山期构造运动形成三间房组近南北向的主压应力模式，形成油田内一系列近南北向正断层，以及ＮＥ－ＮＷ向共轭断裂；鄯善油田三间房组构造裂缝形成于侏罗纪末期燕山期构造运动期     

酒西盆地鸭儿峡油田志留系变质岩油藏的裂缝特征

为明确潜山变质岩的裂缝发育特征,以酒西盆地鸭儿峡油田志留系潜山变质岩油藏为例,综合利用成像测井、岩心观察、大量的薄片统计和核磁共振手段对裂缝方向、充填程度、裂缝参数和核磁共振响应特征进行研究系统研究.结果表明,研究区裂缝方向主要为北西方向和北东,裂缝类型以斜交缝为主,其次为垂直缝,水平缝发育程度差,裂缝充填严重.斜交缝的分布频率平均为1.01条/m,垂直缝为0.19条/m;水平缝为0.26条/m.裂缝宽度平均为0.775 mm,裂缝长度平均为6.56 cm.垂直缝的裂缝宽度最大,斜交缝中开口缝比例最高.具有储集性能的裂缝性变质岩在核磁共振T2谱主要为双峰和三峰态,有利目标区寻找应该以北东向裂缝发育区为重点.     

轮古7试验区奥陶系潜山构造裂缝特征研究

基于岩芯定量描述和FMI成像测井资料的系统统计和分析,明确了轮古7试验区奥陶系潜山构造裂缝基本特征.本区构造裂缝以NE-SW走向为主,总体上较发育但非均质性强,裂缝发育区局部集中分布.构造裂缝纵向上主要分布在潜山面以下0—150m范围内,以发育中-高角度缝为主.构造裂缝充填物主要为泥质和方解石,充填缝占60.6%.发育在潜山面附近的裂缝常被泥质半-全充填,而与岩溶作用有关的洞顶缝为未充填或方解石半充填.钻井统计表明本区裂缝型储层所占比重较大,达到44.9%.构造裂缝发育带与中-小型洞穴发育区叠合位置易发育缝洞型储集体,这也是本区今后优选上钻的重要目标,比较合适的井型为水平井或大斜度井.轮古7试验区构造裂缝易沟通下部水体,导致油井快速见水并影响原油采收率,因此开发过程中要及时根据油井生产动态特征采取合理措施控水增油.预测了13个构造裂缝比较发育的区域,优选出5个为缝洞型储层钻探有利区.     

黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩储层裂缝特征

以黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩储层为研究对象,通过岩心、薄片、场发射扫描电镜和测试分析等手段,对牛蹄塘组页岩储层裂缝发育特征和主控因素进行了分析.结果表明:研究区牛蹄塘组页岩岩心裂缝以构造裂缝为主,包括高角度剪性裂缝、高角度张性裂缝、低角度滑脱缝,岩心裂缝充填程度较高,以方解石充填为主;镜下微观裂缝以非构造缝为主,包括层间缝、粒内缝和粒间缝.微裂缝的发育对页岩气藏丰度、页岩气井单井产能都有积极贡献.同时,对裂缝发育的主控因素研究发现,构造因素是裂缝发育最主要的控制因素.此外,同一构造背景下受不同岩性、岩石力学性质、矿物组成、有机质含量等因素影响,裂缝发育程度和性质也存在差异.其中总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)含量与裂缝发育程度并非单一的线性关系,当TOC过高时(6％～8％),裂缝发育程度明显降低;具有高弹性模量、低抗拉强度的碳质页岩,在区域应力作用下更易形成构造裂缝.     

头台油田储层天然裂缝对注水开发的影响

为降低油井中的含水量,提高油井产油量,通过岩心测试及动静态资料分析,研究了头台油田储层中天然裂缝的特征。结果表明：头台油田储层中构造裂缝较发育,且构造轴部的裂缝比两翼发育,裂缝平均线密度为0．057条／m,裂缝主要发育在粉砂岩中,规模不大,以垂直缝为主,充填较严重;裂缝方位以近EW方向为主;在注水开发中,水沿EW向裂缝推进,使EW向的油井严重遭受水淹,SN方向油井供液不足,导致整个油田地层压力下降且不均衡。认为沿裂缝布置注水井,可改善油田开发效果。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段富有机质页岩裂缝特征及形成机制

为了解研究区页岩中裂缝发育状况,考察鄂尔多斯盆地东南部地区地表露头,分析得出延长组长7段富有机质页岩中发育构造裂缝,以高角度为主,倾角大于70°,走向集中在NW、NE、近EW、近SN向。岩心观察表明,富有机质页岩段以高角度缝为主,裂缝多被方解石充填。裂缝的成因与基底断裂的再活动和古构造应力场(方向)的作用有关,其形成时期为燕山期和喜山期。     

曲率法在尚家油田扶杨油层储层裂缝预测中的应用

通过岩心观察及人工微地震资料结合前人研究成果,尚家油田扶杨油层裂缝产状相对单一,大多以单条形式出现,规模相对较小,且充填严重,其裂缝走向以北东东向或北西西向为主。结合松辽盆地区域构造演化历史,认为尚家油田扶杨油层裂缝主要是在嫩江组沉积末期构造反转期形成的。利用曲率法预测出尚家地区扶杨油层顶面曲率高值区主要分布在尚家油田西南部D121井—D122井一线和中南部的A12-3井—A12-2井—A112-124井一线,是研究区扶杨油层裂缝发育相对集中区域。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部黄陵地区延长组裂缝特征及形成期次探讨

通过野外露头和岩心观察,黄陵地区裂缝发育,主要是垂直缝和高角度缝。裂缝在区域内分布稳定,属于区域构造裂缝。裂缝主要以未充填为主,有效性高。结合裂缝发育特征及区域应力背景,采用岩石声发射实验、裂缝充填物稳定碳氧同位素、流体包裹体分析等实验手段,综合分析认为黄陵地区延长组存在三期裂缝,分别对应为燕山期二幕,燕山期三幕和喜山期,现今裂缝分布是在燕山期构造作用的基础上经过喜山期改造而形成。     

川东北巴中地区须四段裂缝特征及有效性分析

巴中地区须四段储层属于低孔、低渗的致密砂岩储层,裂缝是改善储层物性和促进天然气富集的重要因素,开展裂缝方面的地质研究十分必要。基于钻录井、岩心、成像测井,测试等资料,对该区须四段裂缝特征及有效性进行了详细研究,取得了以下两点认识:1研究区须四段裂缝以构造缝为主,优势走向为NWW-SEE向(285°±15°),具有高陡倾角,充填程度较低。裂缝发育宽度较小,井上所识别的裂缝平均线密度较低,可能与高陡倾角裂缝的钻遇率低有关。裂缝的纵向分布不均匀,须四段上部裂缝发育程度高于下部,且局部存在裂缝发育密集段;2NWW-SEE向(285°±15°)且倾角大于45°的裂缝张开程度大,充填程度低,有效性好,对储层产量的提高有积极贡献,可作为研究区须四段重要的勘探目标。     

腰英台地区裂缝分布规律与油气运聚的关系

目的研究腰英台地区裂缝分布规律与油气运聚之间的关系。方法在岩心、分析测试等一性资料对裂缝标定的基础上,提取裂缝测井响应特征,进而对全区裂缝进行全面系统的测井解释,然后结合钻井、压裂等后期动态资料对测井解释的裂缝作核实验证。结果裂缝的发育程度与岩性、层厚和构造因素有关,而断层作用尤为明显。结论腰英台地区裂缝性储层发育段是该区的主力含油层,从储盖配置关系来看,裂缝在油气疏导方面起主要作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with