实时无标记肿瘤细胞迁移筛选技术体系的建立

肿瘤转移是导致肿瘤患者死亡的最主要原因。细胞迁移在多步骤、多阶段的肿瘤转移过程中发挥着重要的作用。尽管有许多迁移相关分子的研究,但细胞迁移的分子机制仍不清楚。研究将xCELLigence细胞分析系统和RNA干扰技术结合,初步建立了实时无标记的肿瘤细胞迁移筛选技术体系。该技术体系的建立将为大规模的肿瘤细胞迁移筛选工作奠定基础,还将有助于发现肿瘤细胞迁移信号通路中新的调控分子,揭示肿瘤转移的分子机制。     

miRNA在肿瘤发生、诊断及治疗中的研究进展

对微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)的产生与肿瘤的关系及其在肿瘤诊断、预后和治疗方面的潜在作用进行了综述.研究表明,miRNA可以调节癌基因和/或抑癌基因,与肿瘤的发生存在着紧密关系;同时miRNA在肿瘤的诊断、预后及治疗方面也发挥着重要的作用.该领域未来研究将主要集中在新miRNA靶标分子的识别、miRNA参与疾病发生分子机制的研究及作为某些疾病诊断、预后和治疗的特异性miRNA分子的筛选及鉴定等.     

纳米技术在转移癌治疗中的应用

肿瘤的转移导致绝大多数癌症患者死亡。转移癌的治疗面临一些独特的挑战,包括转移灶的体积小、高度多样性和易分散到不同的器官组织。纳米技术在诊断和治疗转移癌方面有很多潜在的优势,包括可输送复合的分子物质到主要的肿瘤转移灶,如肺、肝和淋巴结,以及这些器官内特定的细胞群。本文主要综述了结合工程科学和癌症生物医学开发的纳米技术应用于治疗转移癌的研究进展,机遇和挑战。     

炎症与肿瘤的关系研究进展

炎症反应不仅诱导肿瘤的发生,并且促进肿瘤的发展及转移。在炎症尤其是慢性炎症中,炎症细胞会诱导细胞内产生ROS,引起氧化应激反应,致使DNA损伤并抑制损伤后修复,使抑癌基因发生突变,导致肿瘤的发生;肿瘤微环境中存在的大量炎症细胞和炎症因子会诱导多种细胞因子以及趋化因子的表达,促使细胞增殖并诱导血管生成,从而促进肿瘤的发展及转移。此外,以炎症微环境为靶向的药物在肿瘤治疗中起到了一定的作用,也表明炎症与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。综述了炎症与肿瘤的发生、发展及转移之间的相互关系,旨在为肿瘤治疗提供新方向。     

对肿瘤骨转移的新认识及其临床意义

肿瘤的复发转移是肿瘤病人死亡的主要原因,也是肿瘤防治的重大课题及研究难点.骨转移是许多晚期肿瘤的常见症状,其并发症严重影响患者的生活质量,并造成治疗困难及预后不良.肿瘤细胞与骨微环境之间的相互作用对骨转移的形成具有非常重要的作用,其中肿瘤细胞通过分泌调节成骨细胞、破骨细胞或骨基质细胞活性的相关因子改变骨组织的微环境,使之向有利于肿瘤细胞在骨组织中的增殖及转移灶的形成方向发展.乳腺癌、前列腺癌和肺癌是最主要的骨转移癌,分别造成溶骨性转移或成骨性转移.TGF,PTHrP/RANKL/RANK系统以及ET-1/ETAR系统分别在其中发挥重要作用.骨转换过程中释放的一些标记物具有一定的诊断及预后价值.骨转移的临床治疗以综合治疗为主,双膦酸盐在临床治疗方案中得到广泛应用.     

P选择素在肿瘤转移中的作用

P选择素属选择素黏附分子家族成员,越来越多的研究表明P选择素在多种疾病中发挥重要作用,本文主要对P选择素在肿瘤转移中的相关研究作一综述。肿瘤发生时,在多种因子的作用下P选择素的表达水平增高,并通过结合肿瘤细胞表面的多种配体介导瘤细胞与活化血小板及内皮细胞黏附并相互作用,促进肿瘤细胞的转移。肝素及其衍生物能阻止P选择素与配体的结合,降低肿瘤转移的发生。     

乳腺癌四个分子亚型与腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性研究

目的探讨乳腺癌四个分子亚型与腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性.方法选取乳腺癌患者264例,根据雌激素受体、孕激素受体、表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)的表达,将其分为Luminal A型、Luminal B型、HER-2过表达型、Triple-negative型四个分子亚型,比较不同分子亚型之间腋窝淋巴结转移率的差异,并对影响腋窝淋巴结转移的相关因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 HER-2过表达型腋窝淋巴结转移率最高,其次为Luminal B型,不同分子亚型乳腺癌的腋窝淋巴结转移率之间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).年龄和月经状态在腋窝淋巴结转移率之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),浸润性小叶癌和导管癌较其他病理类型乳腺癌的淋巴结转移率明显增高;肿瘤直径大于5 cm后,淋巴结转移率明显增加,差异均具有显著统计学意义(P0.01).多因素回归分析显示:肿瘤大小、是否为Luminal A型、是否为浸润性导管癌、浸润性小叶癌为腋窝淋巴结转移的独立危险因素.结论 HER-2过表达型和Luminal B型乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移率较高;肿瘤大小、分子分型、病理类型为影响腋窝淋巴结转移的独立危险因素.     

端粒酶与肿瘤研究的新进展

端粒酶是维持染色体长度及功能稳定的重要物质．研究表明,端粒、端粒酶与细胞寿命直接相关．通过对端粒酶的活性及在表达程度的研究进—步发现其与肿瘤的发生和转移具有十分密切的关系．人们正在研究将端粒酶的表达水平作为肿瘤诊断和愈后的指标,并可能将端粒酶抑制列为肿瘤治疗的新方法．     

KAI1基因表达与肿瘤转移的抑制

就KAI1基因的发现、定位及作用机制：KAI1基因在肿瘤转移过程中的抑制作用；KAI1基因的表达与肿瘤预后之间的关系的意义等方面的研究结果作一综述。     

RGD对人纤维肉瘤细胞HT1080增殖、黏附及转移影响的研究

利用合成的RGD(Arg-Gly-Asp)三肽研究了其抑制人纤维肉瘤细胞HT1080的增殖、黏附及转移作用.采用MTT法检测了不同浓度的RGD对HT1080细胞增殖及黏附纤维粘连蛋白(fibronectin)能力的影响;采用细胞划痕法研究了RGD对HT1080细胞在纤维粘连蛋白中迁移能力的影响.结果表明,合成的RGD能抑制HT1080细胞的增殖,并具有抗肿瘤细胞黏附、抗转移的活性.     

肿瘤细胞微环境对癌症转移力的影响

过去,科学界普遍关注的是由肿瘤细胞自身性质的改变而引起的恶化现象,如:基因突变的累积效应导致肿瘤恶化成癌。近几年的研究发现,细胞微环境(microenvironment)也对癌细胞转移起着至关重要的作用。本文从微环境的重要性和微环境影响肿瘤细胞转移的机制两方面讨论胞外基质与癌细胞转移的关系。     

人胃癌裸小鼠体内原位移植浸润转移特征的研究

观察人胃癌原位移植至裸小鼠体内后的浸润转移特征,并探讨其发生机制,ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ－ｎｕ／ｎｕ裸小鼠１２只,以ＳＧＣ－７９０１人胃癌细胞株裸鼠皮下移植瘤为材料,通过手术将瘤组织块移植到裸小鼠胃壁,待动物濒临死亡时进行系统解剖,观察其浸润转移的部位及特征,原位移植瘤全部成功,且所有动物均出现局部浸润及淋巴结转移,肝脏转移率为６６．７％,癌性腹水的发生率为５０％,移植肿瘤晚期还可向脾脏,胰腺及肾脏等处浸润     

低氧条件下巨噬细胞分泌CCL22促进三阴乳腺癌转移

三阴乳腺癌(Triple Negative Breast Cancer, TNBC)是乳腺癌中恶性程度最高的一种亚型，表现为很高的转移潜能。巨噬细胞，即肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(Tumor-Associated Macrophages, TAM)，在促进TNBC转移中起了重要作用。乳腺癌作为一种实体肿瘤，往往处于缺氧环境中。低氧环境能够促进癌细胞的转移，然而低氧环境中巨噬细胞在促进肿瘤转移中的作用仍然不清楚。在该研究中，THP1细胞被诱导成TAM，经过缺氧培养后，通过Transwell实验检测其促进三阴乳腺癌细胞BT-549和MDA-MB-231的细胞迁移能力；通过尾静脉注射，将MDA-MB-231细胞移植于祼鼠体内，CT扫描，分析了TAM促进TNBC细胞的器官转移能力；通过ELISA实验检测低氧对TAM分泌的肿瘤转移相关因子的影响，通过GDSC在线软件分析了CCL22受体CCR4和其他CCR在乳腺癌组织与正常组织中表达的差异。结果表明低氧条件下巨噬细胞通过分泌CCL22的表达来促进三阴乳腺癌细胞迁移:经过缺氧培养后的TAM显著增强了TNBC细胞迁移能力，以及促进癌细胞在体内向肺转移；低氧诱导TAM分泌CCL22；CCL22受体CCR4在乳腺癌组织中的表达显著高于在正常组织中的。     

Transcriptional regulation of a metastasis suppressor gene by Tip60 and beta-catenin complexes

Defining the molecular strategies that integrate diverse signalling pathways in the expression of specific gene programmes that are critical in homeostasis and disease remains a central issue in biology. This is particularly pertinent in cancer biology because downregulation of tumour metastasis suppressor genes is a common occurrence, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well established. Here we report that the downregulation of a metastasis suppressor gene, KAI1, in prostate cancer cells involves the inhibitory actions of beta-catenin, along with a reptin chromatin remodelling complex. This inhibitory function of beta-catenin-reptin requires both increased beta-catenin expression and recruitment of histone deacetylase activity. The coordinated actions of beta-catenin-reptin components that mediate the repressive state serve to antagonize a Tip60 coactivator complex that is required for activation; the balance of these opposing complexes controls the expression of KAI1 and metastatic potential. The molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic regulation of beta-catenin-reptin and the Tip60 coactivator complexes for the metastasis suppressor gene, KAI1, are likely to be prototypic of a selective downregulation strategy for many genes, including a subset of NF-kappaB target genes.     

Cancer-related inflammation

The mediators and cellular effectors of inflammation are important constituents of the local environment of tumours. In some types of cancer, inflammatory conditions are present before a malignant change occurs. Conversely, in other types of cancer, an oncogenic change induces an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes the development of tumours. Regardless of its origin, 'smouldering' inflammation in the tumour microenvironment has many tumour-promoting effects. It aids in the proliferation and survival of malignant cells, promotes angiogenesis and metastasis, subverts adaptive immune responses, and alters responses to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. The molecular pathways of this cancer-related inflammation are now being unravelled, resulting in the identification of new target molecules that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.     

A novel <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> angiogenesis model based on a microfluidic device

Angiogenesis is very important for many physiological and pathological processes. However, the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis are unclear. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis and to develop treatments for "angiogenesis-dependent" diseases, it is essential to establish a suitable in vitro angiogenesis model. In this study, we created a novel in vitro angiogenesis model based on a microfluidic device. Our model provides an in vivo-like microenvironment for endothelial cells (ECs) cultures and monitors the response of ECs to changes in their microenvironment in real time. To evaluate the potential of this microfluidic device for researching angiogenesis, the effects of pro-angiogenic factors on ECs proliferation, migration and tube-like structure formation were investigated. Our results showed the proliferation rate of ECs in 3D matrix was significantly promoted by the pro-angiogenic factors (with an increase of 59.12%). With the stimulation of pro-angiogenic factors gradients, ECs directionally migrated into the Matrigel from low concentrations to high concentrations and consequently formed multi-cell chords and tube-like structures. These results suggest that the device can provide a suitable platform for elucidating the mechanisms of angiogenesis and for screening pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic drugs for "angiogenesis-dependent" diseases.     

Antibodies to epithelial desmosomes show wide tissue and species cross-reactivity

Many workers regard cell adhesion as a highly specific phenomenon, believing that different molecular mechanisms are involved in the adhesion of cells of different tissues and different species. We believe that the evidence from cell behaviour is against this view and that cells share common adhesion mechanisms (for reviews see refs 1, 2); however, molecular evidence is lacking. As an approach to providing such evidence we have begun to study desmosomes, the cell-surface organelles responsible for strong intercellular adhesion in epithelia. We have raised antisera against each of five high-molecular weight (MW) desmosomal components. Having determined the specificity of our antisera by immunoblotting, we show here that each gives a staining pattern corresponding to the distribution of desmosomes in a range of tissues from different vertebrate species, demonstrating that desmosomal components are widely shared and highly conserved.     

鱼类功能基因表达的营养调控

水产养殖从理论上分析是一个人工控制与鱼类生产性状相关基因,如生长和生长激素基因,抗性基因和优良肉质性状相关基因等的表达过程,从而使养殖鱼类获得生长快,抗性强和肉质好等综合性状.本文对上述与生产性状相关基因,以及它们的营养调控的分子生物学机理进行了总结和分析.     

Study of alternate cooling and heating treatment induced tumor microvasculature injury

Tumor microvasculature is important to tumor growth, metastasis and thus tumor treatment outcome. The alternate cooling and heating treatment has been confirmed to have advantages over single treatment of cooling or heating. The degree of tumor microvasculature damage induced by the alternate cooling and heating treatment and the mechanisms underlying are studied in this paper. The response of the tumor microvasculature to different treatments including alternate cooling and heating is observed in vivo thro...