Mg1-xNaxB2化合物的结构和超导特性（英文）

报道了Mg1-xNaxB2化合物的结构和超导特性.块状样品的X射线衍射结果表明样品具有六边形的晶态结构.由于镁粉的化学活性,X射线衍射检测到了少量的MgO杂相.磁测量结果表明非化学计量比的MgB2并没有影响到超导的转变温度及转变温度的宽度.同时,钠的引入几乎没有影响到超导体转变温度.     

Superconductivity in two-dimensional CoO2 layers

Since the discovery of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity in layered copper oxides, many researchers have searched for similar behaviour in other layered metal oxides involving 3d-transition metals, such as cobalt and nickel. Such attempts have so far failed, with the result that the copper oxide layer is thought to be essential for superconductivity. Here we report that Na(x)CoO2*yH2O (x approximately 0.35, y approximately 1.3) is a superconductor with a T(c) of about 5 K. This compound consists of two-dimensional CoO2 layers separated by a thick insulating layer of Na+ ions and H2O molecules. There is a marked resemblance in superconducting properties between the present material and high-T(c) copper oxides, suggesting that the two systems have similar underlying physics.     

钙钛矿La0.75 Na0.25 MnO3外延膜的制备及磁电特性研究

目的 研究单价碱金属Na替代对钙钛矿LaMnO3结构及磁电特性的影响.方法 通过射频磁控溅射在单晶LaAlO3(100)衬底上生长了膜厚为120 nm的La0.75Na0.25MnO3外延膜,用X射线衍射仪、原子力和超导量子干涉仪、直流四探针法对其进行了表征.结果 结果表明,薄膜为赝立方钙钛矿结构,具有良好的单晶外延结构和岛状生长模式.居里温度Tc=270 K,在居里温度附近,发生铁磁-顺磁转变.此材料呈现出一种典型的自旋玻璃特性,是由于应力造成的.在1 T磁场下,磁电阻极大值为40.3%.结论 La0.75Na0.25MnO3外延膜的制备为CMR薄膜的低场和室温条件下的广泛应用提供了潜在的价值.     

Red cell sodium fluxes catalysed by the sodium pump in the absence of K+ and ADP

In the absence of extracellular Na+ or K+, the sodium pump catalyses an ouabain-sensitive "uncoupled" Na+ efflux1-4. With red cell ghosts Glynn and Karlish5 showed that this Na+ efflux is accompanied by ATP hydrolysis and that extracellular sodium ions, at low concentrations, inhibit this efflux as well as the associated ATP hydrolysis. At higher concentrations, extracellular sodium ions restore the hydrolysis of ATP3,6 but it is not known whether there is an associated increase in Na+ efflux and, perhaps, an influx. To answer this question we have used inside-out red cell membrane vesicles which are specially suitable for controlling the composition of the medium at the two membrane surfaces while measuring 22Na+ fluxes in both directions. We report here that the sodium pump can operate in a mode in which influx and efflux of sodium are associated with ATP hydrolysis. This mode is different from the Na-Na exchange described by Garrahan and Glynn7, and Glynn and Hoffman8, which requires ADP as well as ATP9 and is probably associated with ADP-ATP exchage rather than ATP hydrolysis10,11.     

Ni掺杂ZnO的结构、光学和磁学性质

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Zn1-xNixO(x=0.1 %,0.4 %,0.7 %,1.0 %)粉末,研究了样品的结构、光学和磁学性质.X射线衍射表明所有样品都具有纤锌矿结构,没有发现第2相.随着掺杂量的增加c轴晶格常数变小.X射线光电子能谱显示样品中的Ni离子处于+2价态.由紫外可见光吸收谱发现,随着掺杂量的增加能隙逐渐变小,证实了Ni2+对Zn2+的替代.由光致发光谱发现,在390 nm附近出现了由于近带边自由激子复合引起的紫外峰和以467 nm为中心宽带深能级发光带组成的由缺陷引起的较宽的蓝光.磁化强度测量表明,样品具有室温铁磁性,且随着掺杂浓度的增加,饱和磁化强度增加.当掺杂量为1.0 %时饱和磁化强度最大为0.076 μB/Ni.     

Superconductivity phase diagram of Na(x)CoO2*1.3H2O

The microscopic origin of superconductivity in the high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxides remains the subject of active inquiry; several of their electronic characteristics are well established as universal to all the known materials, forming the experimental foundation that all theories must address. The most fundamental of those characteristics, for both the copper oxides and other superconductors, is the dependence of the superconducting T(c) on the degree of electronic band filling. The recent report of superconductivity near 4 K in the layered sodium cobalt oxyhydrate, Na(0.35)CoO2*1.3H2O, is of interest owing to both its triangular cobalt-oxygen lattice and its generally analogous chemical and structural relationships to the copper oxide superconductors. Here we show that the superconducting T(c) of this compound displays the same kind of behaviour on chemical doping that is observed in the high-T(c) copper oxides. Specifically, the optimal superconducting T(c) occurs in a narrow range of sodium concentrations (and therefore electron concentrations) and decreases for both underdoped and overdoped materials, as observed in the phase diagram of the copper oxide superconductors. The analogy is not perfect, however, suggesting that Na(x)CoO2*1.3H2O, with its triangular lattice geometry and special magnetic characteristics, may provide insights into systems where coupled charge and spin dynamics play an essential role in leading to superconductivity.     

Syntheses, crystal structure and magnetic properties of Rm+nCo5m+3nB2n

The phase relations at the 600℃ and 700℃ isothermal sections of the ternary systems R-Co-B for R= Nd, Pr and R = Sm, Gd respectively were summarized in this paper. For Rm+ n Co5m+3n B2n, two new types ofcompounds R3Co13B2(R=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Y) (m=2, n=1) andR5Co19B6(R=Pr, Nd) (m=2,n = 3 ) were synthesized by utilizing the principle of structural combination. Their crystalstructures and easymagnetization direction were determined by X-ray powder diffraction, and structures were refined by the Rietveldmethod. The Curie temperature Tc, saturation magnetization M8 and anisotropic field HA of the new compounds weremeasured using a vibrating-sample magnetometer, an extraction sample magnetometer and M(H) - H curves of samplesin different magnetization directions respectively. The Tc and Ms of Rm + n Co5 m + 3 n B2n increase with increasing values of mat a given n value. HA increases with an increase in n when m is kept invariable. The effects of the substitution of Ni for Co on the magnetic properties of Nd13 Co15- x Nix B2 were also investigated. It was found that TsR decreased monotonously as the concentration of Ni increased, and at x = 3 the easy magnetization direction becomes axial at room temperature. The relations between crystal structure and magnetic properties of Rm + nCo5m+ 3nB2n and the possible routes of synthesizing permanent magnetic materials are also discussed.     

Intracellular pH and the sodium requirement at fertilisation.

Several lines of evidence suggest that ionic messengers are primary agents in the metabolic derepression which occurs at fertilisation. The derepression at fertilisation or parthenogenetic activation of the sea urchin egg occurs in two main phases. The first phase, which triggers the early events of fertilisation, is mediated by transitory increase of intracellular free calcium. The second, which triggers the late events of fertilisation, is mediated by a rise in the intracellular pH (refs 4-6). The transition from the early events of fertilisation of sea urchin eggs to the late events requires a minimal concentration of sodium in the external medium. External Na+ is required for the acid effux which follows fertilisation. Na+ requirement and the acid effux have been correlated in a hypothesis which proposes that internal protons are exchanged for external Na+ (refs 8, 9). By using pH-sensitive microelectrodes, we have examined the relationship between external Na+ and internal pH more closely. We demonstrate here that the increase of the intracellular pH following egg activation does require external Na+. However, the relative insensitivity of the alkalisation of the egg cytoplasm to large reductions of external Na+ is evidence against the Na-H exchange hypothesis.     

Oxygen uptake occurs faster than sodium pumping in bee retina after a light flash

When neurones are active there is an entry of Na+, which must subsequently be pumped out, and an increase in their oxygen consumption rate (Qo2). The Na+ pump derives its energy from ATP, splitting it into ADP and Pi, and it has reasonably been proposed that the changes in concentrations of ATP, ADP and Pi lead to a stimulation of the O2 consumption by the mitochondria and hence to a restoration of the stock of ATP. Here we present evidence suggesting that Qo2 must be controlled differently in the retinal photoreceptor cells of the honeybee drone. Stimulation of drone photoreceptors with a flash of light causes an entry of Na+ (ref. 4) and a transient increase in Qo2 that indicates respiration of the right order of magnitude to provide ATP to pump the Na+ out. We report intracellular recordings of changes in intracellular sodium (Nai+) and potassium (Ki+) in response to single light flashes and have compared the time course of extra oxygen consumption (delta Qo2) with these ion changes and other indices of Na+ pumping. We found that the time course of pumping seems to lag behind the time course of delta Qo2. It follows that the mitochondrial respiration must be stimulated by some signal which is generated earlier than the rise in ADP produced by the Na+ pump.     

Extrusion of calcium from rod outer segments is driven by both sodium and potassium gradients

Calcium is transported across the surface membrane of both nerve and muscle by a Na+-dependent mechanism, usually termed the Na:Ca exchange. It is well established from experiments on rod outer segments that one net positive charge enters the cell for every Ca2+ ion extruded by the exchange, which is generally interpreted to imply an exchange stoichiometry of 3 Na+:1 Ca2+. We have measured the currents associated with the operation of the exchange in both forward and reversed modes in isolated rod outer segments and we find that the reversed mode, in which Ca2+ enters the cell in exchange for Na+, depends strongly on the presence of external K+. The ability of changes in external K+ concentration ([K+]o) to perturb the equilibrium level of [Ca2+]i indicates that K+ is co-transported with calcium. From an examination of the relative changes of [Ca2+]o, [Na+]o, [K+]o and membrane potential required to maintain the exchange at equilibrium, we conclude that the exchange stoichiometry is 4 Na+:1 Ca2+, 1 K+ and we propose that the exchange should be renamed the Na:Ca, K exchange. Harnessing the outward K+ gradient should allow the exchange to maintain a Ca2+ efflux down to levels of internal [Ca2+] that are considerably lower than would be possible with a 3 Na+:1 Ca2+ exchange.     

Preparation of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> microspheres with sodium ions and self-assembly of photonic crystals

SiO2 microspheres were prepared via a novel co-precipitation process.The Na + ions were introduced by adding sodium chloride and metal sodium in solution systems for improving surface charge of the SiO2 microspheres.And then SiO2 photonic crystals were fabricated by the vertical deposition method.The electrical properties,micromorphology and optical properties were characterized by zeta potential instrument,scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Uv-Vis-Nir spectroph...     

Resonance as a measure of pairing correlations in the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.6

One of the most striking properties of the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors is that they are all derived from insulating antiferromagnetic parent compounds. The intimate relationship between magnetism and superconductivity in these copper oxide materials has intrigued researchers from the outset, because it does not exist in conventional superconductors. Evidence for this link comes from neutron-scattering experiments that show the unambiguous presence of short-range antiferromagnetic correlations (excitations) in the high-Tc superconductors. Even so, the role of such excitations in the pairing mechanism for superconductivity is still a subject of controversy. For YBa2Cu3O(6+x), where x controls the hole-doping level, the most prominent feature in the magnetic excitation spectrum is a sharp resonance (refs 6-11). Here we show that for underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.6, where x and Tc are below their optimal values, modest magnetic fields suppress the resonance significantly, much more so for fields approximately perpendicular to the CuO2 planes than for parallel fields. Our results indicate that the resonance measures pairing and phase coherence, suggesting that magnetism plays an important role in high-Tc superconductivity. The persistence of a field effect above Tc favours mechanisms in which the superconducting electron pairs are pre-formed in the normal state of underdoped copper oxide superconductors, awaiting transition to the superconducting state.     

Hg系新高Tc超导体研究

我们制备了新高Ｔｃ Ｈｇ－Ｂａ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ超导氧化物系,并用Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射、ＴＥＭ、磁化率及电阻等实验测量对它们进行了研究。由ＴＥＭ观察,证实了在ＨＢＣＣＯ系中存在Ｈｇ－１２０１相,Ｈｇ－１２１２相和Ｈｇ－１２２３相。用高－Ｑ振动子技术,对ＨｇＢａ２ＣｕＯ４＋ｙ样品作了与磁通点阵运动有关的力学测量,从而估计出该样品的不可逆线的形状。我们还对Ｈｇ－１２２３样品作了事后退火处理研究,在氧气中退火可使该     

Crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel in two potentially inactivated states

In excitable cells, voltage-gated sodium (Na(V)) channels activate to initiate action potentials and then undergo fast and slow inactivation processes that terminate their ionic conductance. Inactivation is a hallmark of Na(V) channel function and is critical for control of membrane excitability, but the structural basis for this process has remained elusive. Here we report crystallographic snapshots of the wild-type Na(V)Ab channel from Arcobacter butzleri captured in two potentially inactivated states at 3.2?? resolution. Compared to previous structures of Na(V)Ab channels with cysteine mutations in the pore-lining S6 helices (ref. 4), the S6 helices and the intracellular activation gate have undergone significant rearrangements: one pair of S6 helices has collapsed towards the central pore axis and the other S6 pair has moved outward to produce a striking dimer-of-dimers configuration. An increase in global structural asymmetry is observed throughout our wild-type Na(V)Ab models, reshaping the ion selectivity filter at the extracellular end of the pore, the central cavity and its residues that are analogous to the mammalian drug receptor site, and the lateral pore fenestrations. The voltage-sensing domains have also shifted around the perimeter of the pore module in wild-type Na(V)Ab, compared to the mutant channel, and local structural changes identify a conserved interaction network that connects distant molecular determinants involved in Na(V) channel gating and inactivation. These potential inactivated-state structures provide new insights into Na(V) channel gating and novel avenues to drug development and therapy for a range of debilitating Na(V) channelopathies.     

Three distinct and sequential steps in the release of sodium ions by the Na+/K+-ATPase

The Na+/K+ pump, a P-type ion-motive ATPase, exports three sodium ions and then imports two potassium ions in each transport cycle. Ions on one side of the membrane bind to sites within the protein and become temporarily occluded (trapped within the protein) before being released to the other side, but details of these occlusion and de-occlusion transitions remain obscure for all P-type ATPases. If it is deprived of potassium ions, the Na+/K+ pump is restricted to sodium translocation steps, at least one involving charge movement through the membrane's electric fields. Changes in membrane potential alter the rate of such electrogenic reactions and so shift the distribution of enzyme conformations. Here we use high-speed voltage jumps to initiate this redistribution and show that the resulting pre-steady-state charge movements relax in three identifiable phases, apparently reflecting de-occlusion and release of the three sodium ions. Reciprocal relationships among the sizes of these three charge components show that the three sodium ions are de-occluded and released to the extracellular solution one at a time, in a strict order.     

蒽醌偶氮杯[4]芳烃作为荧光探针对钠离子的识别研究

合成了5,11,17,23-四(1-蒽醌偶氮基)-25,26,27,28-四羟基杯[4]芳烃,并用荧光方法研究了该衍生物在有机介质中对碱金属离子的识别性能.结果表明,钠离子对该衍生物有荧光猝灭功能,在2.0×10-6～4.0×10-5mol/L范围内的钠离子与F0/F和(F0-F)值呈线性关系,检测限可达3.5×10-7mol/L.并用分子模拟方法就衍生物的识别机理作了初步探讨.     

Crystal structure of an orthologue of the NaChBac voltage-gated sodium channel

Voltage-gated sodium (Na(v)) channels are essential for the rapid depolarization of nerve and muscle, and are important drug targets. Determination of the structures of Na(v) channels will shed light on ion channel mechanisms and facilitate potential clinical applications. A family of bacterial Na(v) channels, exemplified by the Na(+)-selective channel of bacteria (NaChBac), provides a useful model system for structure-function analysis. Here we report the crystal structure of Na(v)Rh, a NaChBac orthologue from the marine alphaproteobacterium HIMB114 (Rickettsiales sp. HIMB114; denoted Rh), at 3.05?? resolution. The channel comprises an asymmetric tetramer. The carbonyl oxygen atoms of Thr?178 and Leu?179 constitute an inner site within the selectivity filter where a hydrated Ca(2+) resides in the crystal structure. The outer mouth of the Na(+) selectivity filter, defined by Ser?181 and Glu?183, is closed, as is the activation gate at the intracellular side of the pore. The voltage sensors adopt a depolarized conformation in which all the gating charges are exposed to the extracellular environment. We propose that Na(v)Rh is in an 'inactivated' conformation. Comparison of Na(v)Rh with Na(v)Ab reveals considerable conformational rearrangements that may underlie the electromechanical coupling mechanism of voltage-gated channels.     

Na_3La_2(BO_3)_3∶Tm~(3 )的合成及其光谱特性

论文用固相反应法 ,合成了一系列掺Tm3 的Na3La2 (BO3) 3[Na3(La1-xTmx) 2 (BO3) 3]发光体 ,X 射线粉末衍射数据分析表明它们属于正交晶系 ,空间群为Amm2 .测量了红外光谱、荧光光谱 ,观察到在 35 2nm、45 7nm处有较强的荧光发射 ,并研究了发光强度与Tm3 离子浓度 (x)的关系 ,从而确定了Tm3 离子在Na3La2 (BO3) 3基质中发光的适宜浓度 .     

Na0.4725K0.4725＋xLi0.055Nb1＋xO3无铅压电陶瓷制备及性能研究

采用传统固相反应制备了Na0.4725K0.4725＋xLi0.055Nb1＋xO3无铅压电陶瓷,研究了KNbO3对Na0.4725K0.4725＋xLi0.055Nb1＋xO3材料晶体结构和压电性能的影响．XRD图谱表明,随着KNbO3含量的增加,在0．08〈x〈0．12处为材料的正交相和四方相共存的准同型相界．组成为Na0.4725K0.5725Li0.055Nb1.1O3的陶瓷具有优异的电学性能,d33达178pC／N,kp达0．288,εr为642,Qm为41．     

插层化合物Na1＋xV3O8的实验研究

插层化合物Ｎａ１＋ｘＶ３Ｏ８是用化学方法合成，并经物理方法处理而得到的．用原子吸收光谱和化学分析法对其中Ｎａ和Ｖ的含量及Ｖ的氧化价态做了定量分析．Ｘ射线衍射峰宽表明，化合物是结晶不良的粉末．用Ｎａ１＋ｘＶ３Ｏ８作阴极组装成电池，并对电池性能进行了初步实验．