一种基于混合相似度的用户多兴趣推荐算法

针对传统协同过滤推荐数据稀疏会影响推荐质量,以及项目最近邻居集的计算忽略用户多兴趣及提高推荐的准确度问题,该文采用混合模型改进了相似性度量计算,综合Pearson相关系数与修正余弦相似性,提出了一种基于混合相似度的用户多兴趣推荐算法.实验表明:该推荐方法的相似度计算更高效,不仅提高推荐准确率,而且使用户有更好的推荐体验.     

基于双层相似度的协同过滤推荐算法

针对由于用户评价矩阵的数据稀疏性而导致推荐精度和准确率不高的问题,提出了一种基于双层相似度的协同过滤算法。经典算法通过改进某一种相似度或者混合相似度来提高推荐精度和准确度,本文对此进行了改进,将最近邻相似度和最近评分相似度两个概念进行区分,采用双层相似度来寻找这两个概念层次的邻居。第1层用来寻找与用户行为偏好的最近邻居,基于用户共同评价行为和差异行为的对数似然比及用户物品属性偏好相似性来实现。第2层用来寻找在评分意义上的最近评分邻居,通过改进的皮尔森相似度衡量用户评分上的相似性,给用户未知的物品进行评分预测。在Movielens数据集上的实验结果表明,本文算法能够快速排除干扰找到用户邻居,极大地提高了推荐系统的精确度、准确率。     

一种有效缓解数据稀疏问题的协同过滤推荐算法

文章针对数据的稀疏会导致传统的协同过滤(collaborative filtering,CF)推荐算法不能准确地查找到最近邻居问题,提出了一种改进的基于用户Tanimoto相似性系数预填充的算法,通过改进的Tanimoto相似性系数得到更加合理的用户相似度,并结合提出的预测公式对目标用户的未评分项进行预测评分和填充,从而降低矩阵的数据稀疏度。实验结果表明,该算法对稀疏数据集具有较好的表现,能够提高推荐的质量。     

基于用户相似度的Slope one算法

传统协同过滤算法slope one简单高效,但只关注了用户评分之间的关系,而没有考虑到用户之间的相似性。为了使该算法的推荐结果更加精确,基于对slope one算法及weighted slope one算法原理的分析研究,提出将用户相似度与weighted slope one算法相结合的改进算法。同时分析了流行度与平均因子对用户相似度的影响,并对用户相似度公式进行了加权改进。通过标准Movie Lens数据集对slope one算法、weighted slope one算法以及改进的slope one算法进行评估对比,从实验数据中可以看出改进的slope one算法推荐结果更加精确。     

基于杰卡德相似性的推荐系统研究

协同过滤推荐系统的核心是用户的相似性度量.在杰卡德相似性度量基础上,提出一种修正的杰卡德相似性度量.该方法将用户评分差异的数目融入相似度计算,并综合杰卡德相似度建立神经网络学习模型,选取Movielens数据作为训练集,得到合适的权重.实验结果表明,与pearson相似性度量相比,该方法在用户评价较少时给出相对可靠的推荐,在推荐的精度、平均绝对误差等方面具有一定的优越性.     

基于用户多种关联信息和项目聚类的推荐算法

基于用户背景信息的推荐算法中仅通过降低矩阵稀疏性来预测用户评分,造成算法的推荐准确率偏低。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于用户多种关联信息和项目聚类的推荐算法。首先通过加入用户与项目间的关联信息改进相似度计算方法来更加准确计算获取相似用户,将最相似的前K个用户作为目标用户的最近邻;然后根据目标用户最近邻对项目的评分预测目标用户未评分项目的预评分,并把预评分填充到用户项目评分矩阵;最后通过协同过滤算法得到最终预评分,在此基础上结合项目聚类产生推荐项目列表。通过MovieLens数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法有效降低了矩阵稀疏性、减小评分误差和提高准确率。     

一种面向稀疏数据的比率相似度计算方法

针对传统协同过滤方法存在数据稀疏问题,该文提出了一种面向稀疏数据的比率相似度计算方法,该方法在相似度计算过程中仅基于用户全部的显式评分数据,并且不依赖于共同评分项。用户的未评分项目通过相似度计算结果和最近邻的评分数据进行预测,并将预测评分较高的项目推荐给用户,实现个性化推荐。实验在两个公开的数据集上进行,结果表明,在数据稀疏的情况,该方法下仍然能够实现较高的推荐精度。     

基于权重调节和用户偏好的协同过滤算法

针对传统相似度计算方法只利用用户的评分信息这一显性反馈行为进行推荐, 导致推荐效果不理想的问题, 提出一种新的相似度计算方法, 通过引入权重调节机制及用户行为偏好等隐性反馈信息, 提升推荐的准确度. 首先, 根据负采样的反用户频率, 降低流行物品全局软件工程的影响程度, 并使用共同评分行为的最小权重, 调节因共同评分数过少而导致的推荐准确度偏差. 其次, 提出项目偏好词定义, 根据项目偏好词矩阵计算出在项目特征上具有共同偏好的用户. 最后, 在MovieLens数据集上进行实验对比分析, 实验结果表明, 改进后的相似度计算有较优的MAE值, 且有更高的推荐准确性.     

基于综合相似度与任务紧要度的个性化任务推荐

研究了如何将协同过滤推荐应用于IT项目外包平台,实现个性化任务推荐,提出了1种融合用户Profile文本相似度、任务选择相似度及任务紧要度的协同推荐方法． 该方法将用户对任务的选择行为转换为用户-任务类选择矩阵,并以此计算用户间的选择相似性;用户profile文本相似性用于平衡用户选择相似性并形成用户综合相似性,算法中任务紧要度用于度量任务的时限性与经济性,设置合适的阈值来构建待推荐任务集． 在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,提出的个性化推荐方法具有较高的推荐准确度,并在一定程度上缓解冷启动与数据稀疏性问题．     

一种综合用户和项目因素的协同过滤推荐算法

针对用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统协同过滤推荐算法的不足,提出了一种综合用户和项目因素的最近邻协同过滤推荐(HCFR)算法.该算法首先以一种改进的相似性度量方法(ISIM)为基础,根据当前评分数据的稀疏情况,动态调节相似度的计算值,真实地反映彼此之间的相似性.然后,在产生推荐时综合考虑用户和项目的影响因素,分别计算目标用户和目标项目的最近邻集合.最后,根据评分数据的稀疏情况,自适应地调节目标用户和目标项目的最近邻对最终推荐结果的影响权重,并给出推荐结果.实验结果表明,与传统的只基于用户或基于项目的推荐算法相比,HCFR算法在用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下仍能显著地提高推荐系统的推荐质量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.