架空输电线路非平稳台风风场数值模拟与验证

为了实现架空输电线路非平稳台风风场模拟,考虑非平稳脉动风场的紊流强度和阵风因子特性及其影响,提出了一种架空输电线路非平稳台风风场的模拟方法。首先利用Spline插值方法生成时变平均风速,采用更新时变平均风速的谐波合成法模拟脉动风速,然后基于三向风谱功率密度函数,构建了台风风场的时变功率谱,计入风场空间上的相关性,获取了调制进化功率谱,并与模拟台风功率谱比较;最后以某架空输电线路为例,验证了台风模拟方法的合理性。研究结果表明：随着基本时距的增加,台风的非平稳因素所占比重越大;本文提出的输电线路非平稳台风模拟方法合理有效。     

台风风场与B类风场作用下输电塔风效应对比研究

在边界层风洞中开展了台风风场与B类风场条件下某角钢输电塔气弹模型试验,采用谐波合成法模拟了不同高度的风速时程,在时域内进行了输电塔结构风致响应计算,对比研究了两类风场条件下的风致响应与风振系数.研究结果表明:输电塔风致加速度响应随着来流风速的增大而明显增大,台风风场条件下加速度响应更为剧烈,比B类风场条件大约20%～30%;B类风场条件下风振系数为1.59,台风风场条件下达到1.85,总体增幅达到16%;数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果较为吻合.因此,台风多发地区的输电塔设计应考虑台风高湍流引起的动力风荷载增大效应.     

内陆高山微地形区风速分布特征及其经验模型研究

特高压线路建设过程中的风偏设计参数主要依据以往标准;但以往标准并未就线路途经微地形、微气候的情况进行深入探讨,从而留下了安全隐患。为此研究了微地形条件下的风速分布特征,提出了内陆高山微地形下的风场模型;包括风速概率分布以及极值风速重现期。根据河南省电力公司尖山试验基地特高压真型试验塔的风速数据,分析了该模型的有效性与一年中不同时间段风速分布的变化,建立了尖山山区微地形下风加速模型。研究表明广义极大值模型在描述内陆高山风场特征方面效果最好,内陆高山风速随高度变化呈幂指数关系,微地形影响下风速放大比例最高可达30%。研究发现夏季时风速整体偏大,因此线路运行过程中应当更注意夏季时的风偏防范工作。     

内陆高山微地形区风速分布特征及其经验模型

特高压线路建设过程中的风偏设计参数主要依据以往标准;但以往标准并未就线路途经微地形、微气候的情况进行深入探讨,从而留下了安全隐患。为此研究了微地形条件下的风速分布特征,提出了内陆高山微地形下的风场模型;包括风速概率分布以及极值风速重现期。根据河南省电力公司尖山试验基地特高压真型试验塔的风速数据,分析了该模型的有效性与一年中不同时间段风速分布的变化,建立了尖山山区微地形下风加速模型。研究表明广义极大值模型在描述内陆高山风场特征方面效果最好,内陆高山风速随高度变化呈幂指数关系,微地形影响下风速放大比例最高可达30%。研究发现夏季时风速整体偏大,因此线路运行过程中应当更注意夏季时的风偏防范工作。     

地形抬升型微地形下台风风场计算模拟

福建省内多山地丘陵地貌,当台风经过山岭型微地形时,由于风速叠加效应和风压改变,在微地形附近空间的风速、风向、湍流强度和风压都会产生变化。每年台风登陆都对电网造成巨大的破坏,比如倒塔、断线。本文以流体力学理论为基础,采用计算流体力学方法,通过对实际地形的建模仿真,研究地形抬升型为微地形对风速的加速作用。计算结果表明地形抬升型微地形对风速有明显的加速作用,并且超过了国家标准规定,目前输电线抗风设计的执行标准存在偏低的问题。研究结果对输电线路的抗风设计具有一定的工程参考价值。     

输电塔气弹模型气动阻尼试验

为研究气动阻尼对输电塔的风致效应影响,设计了1:40的输电塔气弹模型,分别在B类地貌风场和台风风场中开展了气弹模型的风洞试验,获得了单塔与塔线体系下的风致加速度响应时程数据。综合采用EMD分解、HHT变换与RDT法,识别了输电塔线结构的动力特性与气动阻尼。研究结果表明,该方法能较好地识别结构的动力特性;两类风场下气动阻尼随风速的提高而增大,气动阻尼亦随来流湍流的增大而增大;挂线后结构模态频率降低,气动阻尼与总阻尼增大。     

台风作用下输电线路风振系数及抗风性能研究

为研究良态风与台风作用下的输电线路风振系数,以广东省国古线一铁塔为原型建立了有限元模型,采用谐波叠加法模拟了台风风场,并开展了动力分析.首先,对比了5种国内外设计规范的风振系数计算方法,发现各规范均未单独考虑台风的强脉动特性;然后,基于惯性力法获取了铁塔风振系数并揭示了塔线耦联效应的影响.最后,利用生死单元法定量评估了两种风场下输电线路的抗风性能.结果表明:台风的高湍流特性导致顺风向风振系数大于良态风对应值;导线可增大铁塔横风向基频,并使铁塔振型由单塔的弯曲型变为塔线体系的弯剪型,塔线体系横担处风振系数大于单塔;湍流度从0.14提高至0.20,临界倒塌风荷载降低约11%.因此,台风多发地区的输电塔设计应适当提高湍流度取值,必要时还应考虑塔线耦联效应.     

地形起伏变化下的边界层参数化台风风场模型

对于登陆台风来说,采用平坦下垫面和单一的地表粗糙长度假设并不能与实际情况相吻合.为了更准确地模拟台风近地面风场,基于现有参数化台风风场模型,采用随地形变化的坐标系建模方法和高精度地形与土地覆盖资料,考虑了台风登陆过程中地形起伏和土地覆盖变化的影响.针对历史上影响广东省的3个台风案例,利用大量观测数据对比和验证了改进后的台风风场模型.对比结果表明:改进后的参数化台风风场模型对风速的模拟并没有表现出明显的系统偏差,并且能较好地模拟出台风登陆过程中风速风向的时程变化.     

基于阻尼耗能原理的高压输电塔风振抑制方法

由于输电线路的风致振动可降低输电杆/塔、导线和金具连接件的疲劳强度,严重时可导致倒杆/塔、断线等事故,对基于阻尼耗能原理的风振抑制措施进行研究.首先,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,分析输电塔-线体系的风致振动响应;然后,提出基于阻尼器耗能原理的输电塔振动抑制策略,根据杆塔的结构特点,设计并比较分析多种阻尼器布置方案对风振的抑制效果.最后,在广东省某线路上实施该方案,在2012-08“启德”台风登陆期间,在9～10级台风(风速21～24 m/s)时,监测到输电塔的振动加速度.研究结果表明:将阻尼器布置在塔身中上部主材上可以更有效地消耗风振能量,控制风振幅值;采用该方案测得“启德”台风登陆期间输电塔的振动加速度下降60％～70％,为输电线路防强风灾害防治、提高线路容灾能力提供了一种有效方法.     

山脉地形条件下输电线路风偏响应特性研究

研究了典型孤立山脉地形因素(山脉长度、山脉坡度)对输电线路风速及风偏响应特性的影响.采用CFD数值模拟得到山脉中输电线路沿线各点横向和竖向平均风速,分析了山脉长度、山脉坡度对输电线路各点平均风速的影响.再根据风向的不同建立了两跨和三跨输电线路有限元模型,分别利用数值模拟风速和规范设计风速计算了线路各点位移,得到风偏角增...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with