Fluoride evaporation and crystallization behavior of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–(TiO2) slag for electroslag remelting of Ti-containing steels

To elucidate the behavior of slag films in an electroslag remelting process, the fluoride evaporation and crystallization of CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–(TiO₂) slags were studied using the single hot thermocouple technique. The crystallization mechanism of TiO₂-bearing slag was identified based on kinetic analysis. The fluoride evaporation and incubation time of crystallization in TiO₂-free slag are found to considerably decrease with decreasing isothermal temperature down to 1503 K. Fish-bone and flower-like CaO crystals precipitate in TiO₂-free slag melt, which is accompanied by CaF₂ evaporation from slag melt above 1503 K. Below 1503 K, only near-spherical CaF₂ crystals form with an incubation time of less than 1 s, and the crystallization is completed within 1 s. The addition of 8.1wt% TiO₂ largely prevents the fluoride evaporation from slag melt and promotes the slag crystallization. TiO₂ addition leads to the precipitation of needle-like perovskite (CaTiO₃) crystals instead of CaO crystals in the slag. The crystallization of perovskite (CaTiO₃) occurs by bulk nucleation and diffusion-controlled one-dimensional growth.     

Fabrication of Fe–TiC–Al2O3 composites on the surface of steel using a TiO2–Al–C–Fe combustion reaction induced by gas tungsten arc cladding

The aim of the present study was to fabricate Fe–TiC–Al₂O₃ composites on the surface of medium carbon steel. For this purpose, TiO₂–3C and 3TiO₂–4Al–3C–xFe (0 ≤ x ≤ 4.6 by mole) mixtures were pre-placed on the surface of a medium carbon steel plate. The mixtures and substrate were then melted using a gas tungsten arc cladding process. The results show that the martensite forms in the layer produced by the TiO₂–3C mixture. However, ferrite–Fe₃C–TiC phases are the main phases in the microstructure of the clad layer produced by the 3TiO₂–4Al–3C mixture. The addition of Fe to the TiO₂–4Al–3C reactants with the content from 0 to 20wt% increases the volume fraction of particles, and a composite containing approximately 9vol% TiC and Al₂O₃ particles forms. This composite substantially improves the substrate hardness. The mechanism by which Fe particles enhance the TiC + Al₂O₃ volume fraction in the composite is determined.     

CeO2包覆TiO2的XPS研究

Redox capacity of CeO₂ coating TiO₂ is discussed.It is showed that CeO₂ is easy to be reduced and can be re-oxidized while expoursing O@fs(50)2@fs(100).Due to Ti⁴⁺ mixed in the CeO₂ lattice,the activation energy decrease,which attributed to oxygen vacancy migration.     

Fabrication of MgB2 superconducting films by different methods

MgB₂ superconducting films have been successfully fabricated on single crystal MgO(111) and c-AL₂O₃ substrates by different methods. The film deposited by pulsed laser deposition is c-axis oriented with zero resistance transition temperature of 38.4 K, while the other two films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and electrophoresis are c-axis textured with the zero resistance transition temperature of 38 K and 39 K, respectively. Magnetization hysteresis measurements yield critical current density J_c of 10⁷ A/cm² at 15 K in zero field for the thin film and of 10⁵ A/cm² for the thick film. For the thin film deposited by chemical vapor deposition, the microwave surface resistance at 10 K is found to be as low as 100 μΩ, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature superconducting thin film of YBCO.     

Synthesis of PbS–K2La2Ti3O10 composite and its photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production

Photocatalyst, lead sulfide (PbS )-intercalated layer perovskite-type compound (K2La2Ti3O10), was synthesized via ion-exchange reaction, butylamine pillaring and sulfuration processes under the assistance of the microwave irradiation. The structure of the photoc atalysts was determined by means of powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, ultraviolet- visible diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence measu rement. And the photocatalytic activity of the composite compound for hydrogen production was also investigated. The experimental results showed that the intercalation of PbS in the layered space of K2La2Ti3O10 greatly improved the absorption edge and the photocatalytic activity. Hydrogen production of the PbS–K2La2Ti3O10 was 127.19 mmol/(g cat) after 3 h irradiation of ultraviolet light.     

Fabrication of MgB2 superconducting films by different methods

MgB₂ superconducting films have been successfully fabricated on single crystal MgO(111) and c-AL₂O₃ substrates by different methods. The film deposited by pulsed laser deposition is c-axis oriented with zero resistance transition temperature of 38.4 K, while the other two films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and electrophoresis are c-axis textured with the zero resistance transition temperature of 38 K and 39 K, respectively. Magnetization hysteresis measurements yield critical current density J_c of 10⁷ A/cm² at 15 K in zero field for the thin film and of 10⁵ A/cm² for the thick film. For the thin film deposited by chemical vapor deposition, the microwave surface resistance at 10 K is found to be as low as 100 μΩ, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature superconducting thin film of YBCO.     

Synergetic effect of multiple phases on hydrogen desorption kinetics and cycle durability in ball milled MgH2–PrF3–Al–Ni composite

A new Mg MgH₂–PrF₃–Al–Ni composite was prepared by ball milling under hydrogen atmosphere. After initial dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation, Pr₃Al₁₁, MgF₂, PrH₃ and Mg₂NiH₄ nanoparticles formed accompanying the main phase MgH₂. The hydrogen absorption-desorption properties were measured by using a Sieverts-type apparatus. The results showed that the Mg MgH₂–PrF₃–Al–Ni composi...     

Hybrid solar cells based on poly（3-hexylthiophene） and electrospun TiO2 nanofibers modified with CdS nanoparticles

Organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and electrospun TiO2 nano bers were fabricated by solution process.The ef ciency of the device was improved by modifying CdS nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 by electrochemical method.The CdS layer can lead to the increase of both open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the device,which are attributed to enhanced exciton dissociation and light absorption and suppressed carrier recombination by CdS at the heterojunction.However,too thick CdS layer led to increased series resistance and decreased ef ciency of the device.Therefore,the optimum condition of the CdS deposition was obtained,which increased the power conversion ef ciency of the device for about 50%.Our results indicate that the surface modi cation on the inorganic semiconductor layer is an effect way to improve the performance of the hybrid solar cells.     

介孔TiO2及Fex/TiO2纤维光催化降解酸性橙Ⅱ的性能研究

以胶原纤维为模板分别负载钛(Ti4+)或钛(Ti4+)和铁(Fe3+),在高温下煅烧制得介孔TiO2和Fex/TiO2纤维.以酸性橙Ⅱ为模型分子,研究了介孔TiO2和Fex/TiO2纤维在可见光照射下对酸性橙Ⅱ的降解特性.研究表明,通过掺杂Fe3+能有效地提高介孔TiO2纤维的光催化活性,在本实验条件下,最佳的Fe/Ti摩尔比为0.01,最佳的煅烧温度为600℃.在酸性橙Ⅱ初始pH值为3～6,初始浓度为0.1 mmol.L-1,介孔Fe0.01/TiO2纤维用量为1 g.L-1,可见光照射下反应4 h后,酸性橙Ⅱ的脱色率和矿化率达到99%和46%以上.光催化活性的稳定性研究表明,介孔Fe0.01/TiO2纤维具有良好的光催化活性的稳定性,能多次重复使用.     

TiO2薄膜的光催化特性

低压下利用四异丙醇钛水解法制备了TiO2薄膜,将TiO2固定化并尽可能保留其尺寸效应 .联系制膜条件和膜的表性,研究了TiO2薄膜的光催化活性.利用Raman、XRD、AFM和UV -vis等手段探讨了不同膜厚、晶型、衬底对膜催化活性的影响.结果表明,随着衬底温度的升高,TiO2由非晶型转变为锐钛矿,光催化活性提高;随着TiO2薄膜厚度的增加,催化活性降低.在玻片、Si、SnO2、Al为基片所制TiO2薄膜中,以Al为基片的TiO2薄膜的光催化活性最好.     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成肉桂酸甲酯

采用高压微波辐射技术，以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40／TiO2为多相催化剂，通过甲醇和肉桂酸反应合成肉桂酸甲酯。实验结果表明，TiSiW12O40／TiO2是合成肉桂酸甲酯的良好催化剂，最佳反应条件为：n(醇)：n(酸)=5：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2．0％，微波功率729W，辐射时间3min．产品平均收率97．4％。     

Effects of HNO3 concentration on the pit morphologies of aluminum foil etched in HNO3–HCl and HNO3–H2SO4–HCl solutions

In this work, the effects of HNO₃ concentration on the pit morphologies of high-cubic-texture aluminum foil etched in HNO₃–HCl and HNO₃–H₂SO₄–HCl solutions were investigated. When the aluminum foil was etched in HNO₃–HCl solutions, the morphologies of pits transformed from irregular tunnels to typical tunnels (as inverted pyramids) and shallow cuboids as the HNO₃ concentration in the etchant solution was increased. However, as the HCl concentration in the etchant solution was increased, the morphologies of pits transformed from shallow cuboids to typical tunnels (as inverted pyramids) and irregular tunnels. When the aluminum foil was etched in n N HNO₃–(7.2?n) N H₂SO₄–0.8 N HCl solutions, the morphologies of the pits transformed from typical tunnels (i.e., the number of sub-tunnels formed on the main tunnels increased) to irregular tunnels (corrugated tunnels and polyline tunnels) as the HNO₃ concentration in the etchant solution was increased. These effects are attributed primarily to corrosion on the (100) and (010) faces of pits being accelerated and to the (001) faces being prone to passivation to different degrees when various concentrations of HNO₃ are added to the etchant solutions.     

Fe2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及其表征

以硝酸铁为铁源、硫酸钛为钛源,采用微乳液法制备Fe2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂,并用SEM、FTIR、XRD、BET和甲基橙脱色率对复合光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,铁与钛的摩尔比为1∶3、煅烧温度为500℃以及煅烧时间为1.5h时,所制Fe2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂疏松多孔、颗粒细小且热稳定性高,经紫外光照15min后,其对甲基橙的降解率为99.7%,与相同条件下制备的TiO2相比,Fe2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂具有更好的光催化活性和更大的比表面积。     

WO3/TiO2-SiO2粉体结构和光催化性能研究

以有机染料亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂WO₃/TiO₂-SiO₂纳米结构复合光催化剂,研究了光源及不同WO₃/TiO₂摩尔比对光催化剂结构和性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM和UV-VIS等测试方法对WO₃/TiO₂-SiO₂纳米粉体的结构、形貌和性能进行了表征,结果表明：WO₃掺杂阻碍了TiO₂由无定型向锐钛矿的晶型转变,降低了其晶粒尺寸,提高了TiO₂-SiO₂复合粉体的光催化性能,且WO₃掺杂量越多,这种现象越显著;可见光照射下的WO₃/TiO₂-SiO₂粉体的光催化活性稍高于紫外光下。     

La2O3–Al2O3 –SiO2 glass-infiltrated 3Y-TZP all-ceramic composite for the dental restora tive application

The 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) powder had three particle size distributions, while the fine one was lower than 100 nm. The 3Y-TZP compact was prepared by dry-pressing under pressures ranged from 10 to 30 MPa and then presintered at 1250°C for 2 h. The matrix dry-pressed under the pressure of 20 MPa had a porosity of 16.7% and could be easily processed by computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and which had been infiltrated by the La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 glass at 1200°C for 4 h. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composite were 710.7 MPa and 6.51 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The low shrinkage (0.3%) of the composite can satisfy the net-shape fabrication standard. XRD results illustrated that zirconia in the La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-infiltrated 3Y-TZP all-ceramic composite was mainly in the tetragonal phase. SEM and EDS results indicated that the pores of the matrix were almost filled by the La2O3–Al2O3 –SiO2 glass     

TiO2/Cu超晶格结构表征

用磁控溅射方法制备TiO2/Cu超晶格.通过X射线衍射和电镜手段对其进行测试,利用X射线傅氏线形分析法对超晶格的微观参数进行表征,通过TEM对超晶格的截面形貌进行观察,发现其具有柱状生长结构.     

Ag负载SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂的合成及其废水处理

目的合成Ag负载SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂,并对其在废水处理中的应用加以研究。方法以钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇和四氯化锡为原料,采用光还原法制备载Ag纳米SnO2/TiO2光催化剂,以罗丹明B为模型污染物,借助XRD和UV-Vis等测试手段研究了SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂的UV-Vis吸收光谱和光催化活性。结果纳米SnO2/TiO2光催化剂的最佳钛锡比为156∶1时的光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性;在氙灯照射下,Ag负载SnO2/TiO2的活性明显增强,具有很强的可见光活性。废水处理实验结果表明,太阳光照射2 h,炼油厂废水COD值由原始的844 mg/L降低至472mg/L,去除率为44.08%,照光5 h,COD去除率为76.78%,且色度和气味均全部去除。载Ag纳米SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂(摩尔比为1∶1)对炼油厂废水COD有较高的去除效果。结论以最佳工艺条件下制备的TiO2为原料,采用光还原法成功制备出载Ag纳米SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂,适用于采油厂工业废水的处理,太阳光下照射5 h,COD去除率可达76.78%。     

TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂制备工艺参数优化及其表征

先以无机钛盐、硅酸盐为原料制取聚合硅酸硫酸钛,再通过液相水解法制得TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂,并用SEM、XRD、BET和甲基橙脱色率对复合光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂制备优化工艺参数为:Ti(SO4)2作钛源、Ti/Si摩尔比为12∶1、水解反应pH值为6、煅烧温度为650℃,以此条件制备的复合光催化剂对甲基橙脱色率可达98.6%以上;TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂为一种分散均匀的纳米级球形颗粒,其成分为以锐钛矿为主的TiO2,SiO2的复合有效抑制了TiO2晶粒的生长,同时提高了TiO2的热稳定性。     

Fe掺杂TiO2结构和磁性

在退火温度为773K、Fe掺杂量为n(Fe)/n(Fe+Ti)=1∶25的制备条件下,用溶胶-凝胶法在空气氛围中制备Fe掺杂TiO2稀磁半导体纳米粉末;用直流磁控溅射方法并在真空和空气氛围中结合原位退火工艺,在普通玻璃基片上制备Fe掺杂TiO2薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其结构进行表征,振动样品磁强计(VSM)对磁性进行表征.结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的粉末材料的磁性为室温顺磁性;直流磁控溅射法制备的薄膜样品在空气和真空氛围中均为室温铁磁性,其中真空退火能够产生更强的铁磁性.这说明可能是薄膜和基底的相互作用产生和铁磁性至关重要的氧空位,而真空环境退火能够增加氧空位.     

冷冻干燥制备TiO2超细粉体研究

In this paper，the recent advance of the study on the method of freeze-drying to produce tiny powders abroad is introduced．Meanwhile，the features of the study are reviewed．We try to produce TiO₂ tiny powder by this method，and try to find the optimal technology parameters（cooling rate，cooling medium），and produce some nanometer materials．