Quality evaluation for air plasma spray thermal barrier coatings with pulsed thermography

Pulsed thermography(PT) as a non-contact non-destructive evaluation(NDE) technique was employed to examine as-sprayed air plasma spray(APS) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) for quality evaluation.Thickness and micro-structural characteristics play a vital role in determining the quality.In this paper,PT logarithmic peak second-derivative method was adopted to measure the thickness of top coat.Time dependent thermal images were used to characterize the microstructure which was confirmed by scanning electron...     

Microstructural evolution and growth kinetics of thermally grown oxides in plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings

The formation of thermally grown oxide(TGO) during high temperature is a key factor to the degradation of thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)applied on hot section components. In the present study both the Co Ni Cr Al Y bond coat and Zr O_2-8 wt.% Y_2O_3(8YSZ) ceramic coat of TBCs were prepared by air plasma spraying(APS). The composition and microstructure of TGO in TBCs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. The growth rate of TGO for TBC and pure BC were gained after isothermal oxidation at 1100 °C for various times. The results showed that as-sprayed bond coat consisted of β and γ/γ'phases,β phase reducesd as the oxidation time increased. The TGO comprised α-Al_2O_3 formed in the first 2 h. Co O, Ni O, Cr_2O_3 and spinel oxides appeared after 20 h of oxidation. Contents of Co O and Ni O reduced while that of Cr_2O_3 and spinel oxides increased in the later oxidation stage.The TGO eventually consisted of a sub-Al2O3 layer with columnar microstructure and the upper porous CS clusters. The TGO growth kinetics for two kinds of samples followed parabolic laws, with oxidation rate constant of 0.344 μm/h~(0.5) for TBCs and 0.354 μm/h0.5for pure BCs.     

热辐射对双陶瓷层热障涂层的隔热影响

基于热传导、热对流和热辐射理论建立了双陶瓷层热障涂层不透明和半透明物理模型,采用有限元ANSYS软件模拟了稳态温度场.双陶瓷层在不透明时,顶层厚度增加,顶层上表面温度线性增加,第二层和黏结层上表面温度线性降低.在半透明性弱时,与不透明情况类似.在半透明性强时,顶层上表面温度略低于不透明时,第二层上表面温度高于不透明时,黏结层上表面温度先快速后缓慢降低再保持不变,且远高于不透明时.     

Effects of surface modification on thermal cycling lifetime of thermal barrier coatings with HVOF NiCrAlY bond coat

NiCrAlY bond coat was prepared by HVOF (high-velocity oxygen fuel) spray on nickel-based superalloy. Surface treatments like grit-blasting, shot-peening and vacuum treatment methods were carried out in order to study the effects of surface modification on thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. The surface-modified TBCs exhibited better thermal shock resistance. Failure of TBCs with the as-sprayed bond coat occurred within the top coat and at the interface between spinels and the top coat, while that of after shot-peening, grit-blasting and vacuum treatment occurred mainly within the top coat. TGO (thermally grown oxide) formed on as-sprayed bond coat was composed of a Ni(Al,Cr)2O4 spinels outer layer and a Al2O3 inner layer. But, a continuous and uniform Al2O3 formed after surface modification . Formation of the mixed oxides (spinels) on the as-sprayed bond coat accelerated the failure of TBCs.     

Microstructure studies of air-plasma-spray-deposited CoNiCrAlY coatings before and after thermal cyclic loading for high-temperature application

In the present study, bond-coats for thermal barrier coatings were deposited via air plasma spraying (APS) techniques onto Inconel 800 and Hastelloy C-276 alloy substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the phases and microstructure of the as-sprayed, APS-deposited CoNiCrAlY bond-coatings. The aim of this work was to study the suitability of the bond-coat materials for high temperature applications. Confirmation of nanoscale grains of the γ/γ′-phase was obtained by TEM, high-resolution TEM, and AFM. We concluded that these changes result from the plastic deformation of the bond-coat during the deposition, resulting in CoNiCrAlY bond-coatings with excellent thermal cyclic resistance suitable for use in high-temperature applications. Cyclic oxidative stability was observed to also depend on the underlying metallic alloy substrate.     

粘结层中的Co对热障涂层界面结合因子的影响

用固体与分子经验电子理论(EET)和改进的TFD理论的结合,计算了热障涂层不同粘结层Co含量下的陶瓷层/粘结层界面的界面结合因子,结果表明:含Co界面的最小电子密度差Δρmin比不含Co时小,Co有利于缓解界面的应力;加Co后使该界面电子密度保持连续的原子状态组数σ′比不加Co至少增加一个数量级,Co有利于使界面稳定,且从σ_equal和σ_super可知这种稳定性不会由于应力的升高受到破坏;当粘结层的表面为(110)时,加Co后电子密度ρ总是提高,有利于提高界面的结合力;当粘结层的表面为(100)和 (111)时,界面的结合力不受Co含量影响。所以,Ni基粘结层中的Co可改善热障涂层的陶瓷层/粘结层的界面结合。     

Effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 thermal barrier coatings

LaMgAl11O19 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were applied to carbon steels with a NiCoCrAlY bond coat by plasma spraying. The effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 TBCs were investigated in 3.5wt% NaCl solution using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD). The results show that a large number of cracks are found in the LaMgAl11O19 TBCs after the samples are heat-treated, including some through-thickness cracks. The corrosion forms of the as-sprayed and heat-treated TBCs are uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion, respectively. The as-sprayed TBCs exhibit three EIS time constants after being immersed for less than 7 d, and then a new time constant ap-pears because of steel substrate corrosion. When the immersion time is increased to 56 d, a Warburg impedance (W) component appears in the EIS data. The EIS data for the heat-treated TBCs exhibit only two time constants after the samples are immersed for less than 14 d, and a new time constant appears when the immersion time is increased further. The heat treatment reduces the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 TBCs. The corrosion products are primarilyγ-FeOOH and Fe3O4.     

高温固相法制备Sm2O3掺杂La2Ce2O7热障涂层材料

以La2 O3、CeO2和Sm2 O3为原料,采用高温固相反应法制备了Sm2 O3部分掺杂La2 Ce2 O7热障涂层陶瓷材料,其化学式为(SmxLa1-x)2Ce2O7.采用X射线衍射法研究了试样的物相结构,并通过对比各实验条件下制备的试样的X射线衍射图谱,对试样的掺杂比例、烧制温度及烧制时间进行了探究.结果表明,所制备试样为萤石结构,当掺杂摩尔比Sm：La为1：2或1：3时试样均能保持良好的相结构,以掺杂摩尔比Sm：La=1：2制备的( Sm0.33 La0.67)2 Ce2 O7材料在1600℃下具有良好的相稳定性,且其最佳制备条件为1550℃下烧制10 h,该材料是一种很有潜力的新型热障涂层陶瓷材料.     

Effect of Gd2O3 on the microstructure and thermal properties of nanostructured thermal barrier coatings fabricated by air plasma spraying

The nanostructured 4–8 mol% Gd_2O_3-4.5 mol% Y_2O_3-ZrO_2(4–8 mol% Gd YSZ) coatings were developed by the atmospheric plasma spraying technique. The microstructure and thermal properties of plasmasprayed 4–8 mol% Gd YSZ coatings were investigated. The experimental results indicate that typical microstructure of the as-sprayed coatings were consisted of melted zones, nano-zones, splats, nano-pores,high-volume spheroidal pores and micro-cracks. The porosity of the 4, 6 and 8 mol% Gd YSZ coatings was about 9.3%, 11.7% and 13.3%, respectively. It was observed that the addition of gadolinia to the nano-YSZ could significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of nano-YSZ. The thermal conductivity of Gd YSZ decreased with increasing Gd_2O_3 addition. And the reduction in thermal conductivity is mainly attributed to the addition of Gd_2O_3, which results in the increase in oxygen vacancies, lattice distortion and porosity.     

Analysis of residual stress distri bution along interface asperity of thermal barrier coating system on macro curved surface

Based on the study of the radial residual stress distribution on the macro curved interfaces of thermal barrier coating system(TBCs) for the hollow curved substrate structures,the hollow four-concentric-circle model was developed.And the concentric-circle model with a fine scaled sinusoidal interface was proposed to describe the stresses distribution on the rough interface of TBCs with macro curved geometry.The influences of the geometric and thermophysical parameters were discussed by the developed mode...     

双向窄脉冲DBD放电水处理反应器及其性能研究

主要筒述了双向窄脉冲DBD放电水处理反应器的结构特点，并对反应器的放电特性进行了研究．用该反应器对靛蓝水溶液脱色实验表明，100mL水溶液2．5min的脱色效率可以达到99．095％，效果明显．     

A positive-temperature-coefficient electrode with thermal protection mechanism for rechargeable lithium batteries

A new positive-temperature-coefficient(PTC) material was prepared simply by blending of conductive Super P carbon black(CB) with insulating poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) polymer matrix,which was empolyed as a coating layer on the aluminium foil substrate to fabricate a sandwiched Al/PTC/LiCoO2 cathode.The experimental results from cyclic voltammetry,charge-discharge measurements and impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the PTC electrode has a normal electrochemical performance at ambient temperature,but shows an enormous increase in the resistance at the temperature range of 80?120℃.This PTC behavior greatly restrains the reaction current passing through the electrode at elevated temperatures,capable of acting as a self-actuating safety mechanism to prevent the battery from thermal runaway.     

不同关门力度下乘用车关门声声品质评价

针对在主观偏好性试验中关门力度对听审者的主观评价有很大影响这一问题,考虑轻、重关门力度对声品质评价的影响,提出了一种新的关门声声品质评价参数——SE(sharpnessenergy)。即利用二次EEMD分解和Wigner-Ville分布得到样本的能量分布,参考尖锐度计算公式推导得到SE计算公式,并将其归一化为百分制,SE突出了高频成分对声品质主观偏好性的影响。为验证参数SE的有效性,将该参数和主观评价结果进行相关性分析,结果表明当关门力度不同时,SE与样本评价结果相关性更高,SE比尖锐度能更准确地反映高频成分对声品质的影响。