Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9中间层对La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δ阳极电化学性能的影响

通过固相反应法合成La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δ(LSCM)以及Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC)粉体。采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电化学阻抗谱法、循环伏安法和热膨胀法分别对试样的晶体结构、化学相容性、微观结构、电化学性能和热膨胀系数进行了研究。结果表明:LSCM阳极与SDC之间具有良好的化学相容性;含有SDC中间层的LSCM阳极显示出更小的比表面电阻和极化过电位;在800℃H2气氛下,含有SDC中间层的LSCM阳极的比表面电阻为0.76Ω.cm2,与单层LSCM阳极相比下降了72.1%,阳极极化过电位(电流密度为0.05A/cm2)下降了70.4%;SDC中间层的加入会导致热膨胀不匹配率的略微增大。     

双掺杂Sm0.5Ca0.5Mn0.90Cr0.10O3的磁性与输运性质

高温固相法合成双掺杂钙钛矿型锰氧化物Sm0.5Ca0.5Mn0.90Cr0.10O3.材料的晶体结构具有良好的单相性,属典型O’类正交结构.零场和有场冷却条件下测得的磁化强度在冻结温度Tf以下不重合.在外加磁场的作用下,材料出现典型的金属-绝缘体(I-M)转变以及庞磁电阻(CMR)效应,而母体材料Sm0.5Ca0.5MnO3未出现I-M转变,并且在2K-350K的测量温区内呈半导体导电行为.稀土锰氧化物Sm0.5Ca0.5Mn0.90Cr0.10O3体系中存在多种复杂有趣的磁相互竞争机制,并导致其具有丰富的磁性及输运特性.     

电压区间对LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/MCMB全电池性能的影响

以LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂（NCM811）为正极、中间相碳微球（MCMB）为负极构建锂离子全电池,研究了充放电电压区间对NCM811/MCMB全电池电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明：以4.3 V为充电截止电压,降低放电截止电压可提高全电池的容量,但高放电截止电压下全电池的循环性能更加稳定;在2.8~4.3 V电压区间下,NCM811/MCMB全电池不但具有高的比容量,同时还具有良好的循环性能和充放电可逆性。     

铝掺杂对无钴正极LiNi0.90Mn0.10O2结构及电化学性能的影响

采用共沉淀法将质量分数3%的Al取代Mn掺入二元Ni_0.90Mn_0.10OH₂前驱体中,经高温固相烧结合成一种无Co高Ni三元正极LiNi_0.90Mn_0.07Al_0.03O₂,并通过X射线衍射(X ray diffraction, XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)、能量弥散射线谱(energy dispersive spectroscopy, EDS)等表征手段进行分析,探讨了Al³⁺掺杂对材料结构及性能的影响。结果表明,引入Al³⁺后,Ni_0.90Mn_0.07Al_0.03OH₂一次颗粒明显变细,对应LiNi_0.90Mn_0.07Al_0.03O₂结晶度明显提高...     

铈掺杂无钴高镍正极材料LiNi0.6Mn0.4O2的制备及性能

为获得无钴高镍正极材料LiNi_0.6Mn_0.4O₂(NM64)的最佳合成方法,采用水热法和共沉淀法对其进行制备,确定共沉淀法为NM64材料的较佳制备方法。为进一步提高共沉淀法制备的NM64材料(下称“NM64-C”)的倍率性能和循环性能,采用Ce离子掺杂对NM64-C进行了优化。结果表明：摩尔比为0.02的Ce离子(0.02Ce)掺杂的NM64-C材料在0.3 C下100次循环后的容量保留率为79.5%,明显优于基材NM64-C(63.9%)。0.02Ce掺杂的NM64-C材料展现出了良好的电化学性能。     

颗粒微观结构对LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料电性能的影响研究

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂（简称NCM811）能量密度高,有望满足电动汽车长续航里程要求,近年来成为业内关注和研究的焦点。然而,NCM811存在表面碱度高,稳定性差,长循环下颗粒容易碎裂和粉化等问题,阻碍了其大规模应用。本文将三元材料进行单晶化研究,即将二次球颗粒熔融形成单晶颗粒,以期解决三元材料结构和表面稳定性差等问题,并探索在高电压体系使用可行性。实验结果表明,将锂与过渡金属配比设为1.05,在910°C下烧结12 h,可得到形貌较好的单晶NCM811材料,此时材料表面碱度和晶格Ni/Li阳离子混排度均较低,分别为0.288wt%和2.24%。电性能评估结果显示,该材料在3.0–4.3 V下克容量可达191.5mAh/g,同时高温和高电压下循环稳定性得到明显提升,在高温50°C下,3.0–4.4V电压区间内循环100周,容量保持率可达95.1%,而二次颗粒材料仅为88.5%。相比二次颗粒,单晶形态的NCM811材料虽然倍率性能会稍有下降,但结构和表面稳定性更佳,在高电压高能量密度体系具有较好的应用前景。     

Al2O3/LiAlO2表面包覆改性LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2三元正极材料研究

三元正极材料因比容量高、成本低和较为环保而备受研究者的关注和青睐,但其循环稳定性与倍率性能较差。通过固相包覆法制备了纳米Al₂O₃以及LiAlO₂包覆的LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂材料,对所制备材料的结构及形貌进行系统表征,结果表明,两种包覆均在保持正极材料结构的基础上成功形成了表面包覆层。电化学性能测试表明,用质量分数为1%的Al₂O₃包覆时,其初始放电容量从原始材料的159 mA·h·g^-1提升至162.57 mA·h·g^-1,循环35次的容量保持率由74.38%提升至94.89%;用质量分数为3%的LiAlO₂包覆时,初始放电比容量提升至164.85 mA·h·g^-1,前35次的容量保持率较未包覆材料均有所提高。此外,经包覆后正极材料循环性能和倍率性能均有所提高,电压衰减和电化学阻抗降低,...     

Lithium-ion full cell with high energy density using nickel-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode and SiO-C composite anode

A high-energy-density Li-ion battery with excellent rate capability and long cycle life was fabricated with a Ni-rich layered LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ cathode and SiO-C composite anode. The LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ and SiO-C exhibited excellent electrochemical performance in both half and full cells. Specifically, when integrated into a full cell configuration, a high energy density (280 Wh·kg-1) with excellent rate capability and long cycle life was attained. At 0.5C, the full cell retained 80% of its initial capacity after 200 charge/discharge cycles, and 60% after 600 cycles, indicating robust structural tolerance for the repeated insertion/extraction of Li+ ions. The rate performance showed that, at high rate of 1C and 2C, 96.8% and 93% of the initial capacity were retained, respectively. The results demonstrate strong potential for the development of high energy density Li-ion batteries for practical applications.     

PVC-Li4Mn5O12复合离子筛的锂吸附性能

采用PVC粘合成型技术对实验室合成的Li₄Mn₅O₁₂粉体进行成型,制备出直径约为3.5mm的球形PVC-Li₄Mn₅O₁₂复合材料,并通过SEM、孔径分布、吸附动力学和选择性测试等手段研究成型前后离子筛的形貌和吸附性能。结果表明:PVC-Li₄Mn₅O₁₂复合样品中的离子筛仍为纳米棒;且球形离子筛具有较大的比表面积,在模拟卤水中对Li⁺具有良好的选择性吸附性能。     

Cu掺杂La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ阴极材料动力学性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钙钛矿结构La_0.5Ba_0.5Co_1-xCu_xO_3-δ(LBCC_-x,0≤x≤0.4)氧化物,系统地研究了Cu部分取代Co对LBCC_-x阴极材料的晶体结构、电导率和电化学性能的影响.研究结果表明：Cu掺杂La_0.5Ba_0.5CoO_3-δ增加了晶格体积和氧空位浓度,降低了电极材料的电导率.Cu部分替代Co有效改善了LBCC_-x阴极材料的电化学性能.当温度为750℃时极化阻抗为0.043Ω·cm^-2,La_0.5Ba_0.5Co_0.7Cu_0.3O_3-δ,(LBCC₃)表现出最优的氧还原反应活性.弛豫时间分布(DRT)分析表明,气体扩散是LBCC_-x阴极材料电催化...     

Mg掺杂Mn1.5Cr1.5O4固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的性能研究

固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)阴极材料的高稳定性、高催化性能是其获得商业化应用的前提。尖晶石氧化物具有良好的稳定性与兼容性,这使得其成为最具发展潜力的SOFC阴极材料之一。本文通过Mg掺杂对尖晶石氧化物Mn_1.5Cr_1.5O₄阴极材料进行改性处理,研究了Mg掺杂量对Mn_1.5Cr_1.5-xMg_xO₄(x=0,0.075,0.150,0.225)阴极材料微观结构、物相组成、电导率、热膨胀系数及其作为对称电池阴极时电化学性能等方面的影响。结果表明,当Mg掺杂量x为0.150时,Mn_1.5Cr_1.35Mg_0.15O₄具有最大的电导率和最小的极化阻抗,在800℃下分别可达0.168 S/cm和1.84Ω·cm²,表明适量的Mg掺杂不仅提高了Mn_1.5Cr_1....     

Microwave absorption properties of SiC@SiO2@Fe3O4 hybrids in the 2-18 GHz range

To enhance the microwave absorption performance of silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs), SiO₂ nanoshells with a thickness of approximately 2 nm and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were grown on the surface of SiCNWs to form SiC@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ hybrids. The microwave absorption performance of the SiC@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ hybrids with different thicknesses was investigated in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz using a free-space antenna-based system. The results indicate that SiC@SiO₂@Fe₃O₄ hybrids exhibit improved microwave absorption. In particular, in the case of an SiC@SiO₂ to iron(Ⅲ) acetylacetonate mass ratio of 1:3, the microwave absorption with an absorber of 2-mm thickness exhibited a minimum reflection loss of -39.58 dB at 12.24 GHz. With respect to the enhanced microwave absorption mechanism, the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles coated on SiC@SiO₂ nanowires are proposed to balance the permeability and permittivity of the materials, contributing to the microwave attenuation.     

Bi掺杂O3型NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2钠离子电池层状正极材料的制备与储钠性能

O3型NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂拥有高理论比容量且易于制备,是商业钠离子(Na⁺)电池的首选正极材料之一,但其循环稳定性仍面临挑战。利用Bi对NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂进行改性。研究发现,Bi的引入可以在晶粒生长过程中通过调节表面能实现晶粒细化,并且Bi的掺杂增加了层状正极材料的晶胞参数,为Na⁺提供了宽的扩散通道,提高了Na⁺的扩散能力,优化了Na⁺在脱嵌过程中的可逆性。改性后的NaNi_0.495Mn_0.5Bi_0.005O₂实现了在2.0～4.0 V的电势区间内0.2 C倍率下的可逆容量为138.1 mAh/g,在5 C倍率下循环100圈后容量保持率可以达到97%。     

La0.5Sr0.5Ni0.5Cu0.5O3催化剂上的CO氧化反应动力学

利用内循环无梯度反应器对钙钛矿型催化剂La     

锂离子电池层状结构三元正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2研究进展

 三元层状结构LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂具有较高的可逆容量、结构稳定性、热稳定性和相对较低的成本,成为电动汽车领域最具前景的锂离子电池正极材料之一。综述了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂的结构、电化学性能及对其进行性能优化的掺杂、表面包覆和制备特殊纳米结构材料的3 种方法。其中,纳米材料的研究是锂离子电池正极材料的研究热点之一。材料的电化学性能与粒子尺寸、形貌、多孔性、结晶性和比表面积紧密相关。因此,提高正极材料LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂的电化学性能时,要充分考虑到这些因素的影响。     

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的表面修饰及性能

锂离子电池正极材料和电解液之间的恶性相互作用引起正极材料和电池性能的劣化。将LiNi0.8Co0.2O2,LiOH*H2O和H3BO3以摩尔比100∶1∶2均匀混合,500℃热处理10h,在LiNi0.8Co0.2O2表面包覆上一层Li2O-2B2O3玻璃层。用X光电子能谱、扫描电镜和X光衍射分析对包覆前后LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的结构进行了表征。结果表明,表面修饰有效地抑制了LiNi0.8Co0.2O2和电解液之间的恶性相互作用,材料的实际比容量提高,充放电循环稳定性改善,自放电速率减小。表面修饰处理是改善锂离子电池正极材料综合性能的有效途径。     

Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ-Ag复合阴极材料的性能研究

为发展中温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFC)的阴极材料,用柠檬酸络合法合成了Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(BSCF)粉体,并在BSCF中加入一定量的金属Ag作为SOFC的阴极材料.高温电阻测试表明复合阴极材料(BSCF-Ag)比纯BSCF材料具有较高的电导率.同时用交流阻抗法研究了BSCF-Ag复合阴极材料的性能,实验结果表明BSCF-Ag复合阴极材料的极化电阻明显小于纯BSCF,在750℃BSCF的极化电阻为0.41Ω.cm2,而BSCF-Ag的电阻仅为0.12Ω.cm2,约为BSCF的1/4.这标志着参杂Ag的BSCF阴极材料的性能明显优于纯BSCF材料.     

Sm2O3掺杂Ce2O3的加入量对YBa2Cu3O7-δ界面性能的影响

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)具有稳定性高、寿命长、污染低等优点,是二十一世纪的绿色能源之一。当前SOFC阴极通常采用掺杂的ABO3钙钛矿型材料。这类材料在高温下具有较高的导电率和催化活性,但中温化是SOFC的趋势,高温下常用的La(Sr)MnO3阴极材料在中温下性能下降,不能满足中温下电导率的要求。本论文尝试采用柠檬酸燃烧法来制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ,并在YBCO中加入一定量的Sm2O3掺杂的Ce2O3(SDC)作为SOFC的阴极材料,通过对阻抗分析,研究了SDC掺杂量、烧结温度等对该阴极材料性能的影响。实验结果表明:随着SDC的掺杂量x(0≤x≤50%)和烧结温度的升高,阴极材料的界面阻抗减小。在SDC的掺杂量为50%时,且在800℃下烧结得到的烧结体界面阻抗最小,其界面比电阻仅为0.1353ohm/cm2(800℃),这标志着掺杂SDC的YBCO作为中温固体氧化物燃料电池的阴极材料时非常具有发展前景的。     

Cu-Zn-Al2O3 nanocomposites:study of microstructure,corrosion,and wear properties

Alumina nanoparticles were added to a Cu-Zn alloy to investigate their effect on the microstructural, tribological, and corrosion properties of the prepared alloys. Alloying was performed using a mixture of copper and zinc powders with 0vol% and 5vol% of α-Al nanopowder in a satellite ball mill. The results showed that the Cu-Zn solid solution formed after 18 h of mechanical alloying. The mechanically alloyed powder was compacted followed by sintering of the obtained green compacts at 750℃ for 30 min. Alumina nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the matrix of the Cu-Zn alloy. The tribological properties were evaluated by pin-on-disk wear tests, which revealed that, upon the addition of alumina nanoparticles, the coefficient of friction and the wear rate were reduced to 20% and 40%, respectively. The corrosion properties of the samples exposed to a 3.5wt% NaCl solution were studied using the immersion and potentiodynamic polarization methods, which revealed that the addition of alumina nanoparticles reduced the corrosion current of the nanocomposite by 90%.     

Fluorite Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ porous layer coating to enhance the oxygen permeation behavior of a BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ mixed conductor

Fluorite Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_2-δ (SDC) nanopowder with a crystallite size of 15 nm was synthesized by a co-precipitation method. An SDC porous layer was coated onto a BaCo_0.7Fe_0.2Nb_0.1O_3-δ (BCFN) mixed conductor to improve its oxygen transport behavior. The results show that the SDC-coated BCFN membrane exhibits a remarkably higher oxygen permeation flux (J_O2) than the uncoated BCFN in the partial oxidation of coke oven gas (COG). The maximum (J_O2) value of the SDC-coated BCFN is 18.28 mL·min-1·cm-2 under a COG/air flux of 177 mL·min-1/353 mL·min-1 at 875℃ when the thickness of the BCFN membrane is 1 mm; this (J_O2) value is 23% higher than that of the uncoated BCFN membrane. This enhancement is likely because of the higher oxygen ionic conductivity of SDC, which supplies oxygen vacancies and accelerates oxygen exchange on the membrane/coating layer/gas three-phase boundary.