扶桑花石油醚提取物HR—1对体外培养的人早期胎盘绒毛组？…

扶桑（Ｈｉｂｉｓｃｕｓ ｒｏｓａ－ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＬ．）花石油醚提取物ＨＲ－１对体外培养的人早期盘颈毛组织分泌功能的影响。实验结果表明：ＨＲ－１对人早期胎盘绒毛组织ＨＣＧ和孕酮的分泌、对绒毛滋养层细胞的生长均有较强的抑制作用。     

扶桑花醚不溶物HR—2对体外培养的人绒毛膜组织及小鼠离体？…

不同浓度的扶桑花醚不溶物ＨＲ－２对体外培养的人绒毛膜组织的形态、ＨＣＧ和孕酮分泌的影响。观察了ＨＲ－２对小鼠离体子宫的刺激作用及不同阻断剂对子宫活动力的影响。结果表明：１）ＨＲ－２可以明显抑制人绒毛膜组织细胞的正常生长。２）培养液中的孕酮含量随ＨＲ－２的浓度增加呈梯度下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）;而ＨＣＧ仅在高浓度时有明显降低．３）ＨＲ－２对离体的小鼠子宫有直接的兴奋作用（Ｐ〈０．０１）,这种兴奋作用不被     

扶桑花醚不溶物HR-2对体外培养的人绒毛膜组织及小鼠离体子宫活动力的影响

不同浓度的扶桑花醚不溶物ＨＲ－２对体外培养的人绒毛膜组织的形态、ＨＣＧ和孕酮分泌的影响．观察了ＨＲ－２对小鼠离体子宫的刺激作用及不同阻断剂对子宫活动力的影响．结果表明：１）ＨＲ－２可以明显抑制人绒毛膜组织细胞的正常生长．２）培养液中的孕酮含量随ＨＲ－２的浓度增加呈梯度下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＨＣＧ仅在高浓度时有明显降低．３）ＨＲ－２对离体的小鼠子宫有直接的兴奋作用（Ｐ＜０．０１），这种兴奋作用不被消炎痛、阿托品和心得安阻断，但可被异丙嗪完全阻断．     

人滋养层干扰素的纯化及鉴定

早期工作已证实，在人的胎盘绒毛组织中存在少量的ＩＦＮα样物质。本文采用胎盘绒毛组织块体外培养的方法，从其培养上清中纯化出具有高度活性的人滋养层干扰素（ｈｔＩＦＮ），经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ分析表明，它是一类具有ＩＦＮα样免疫反应性的活性物质，分子量为６７０００左右，等电点在ｐＨ４．７０。抗体中和实验表明，抗ＩＦＮα抗体能显著抑制其抗病毒活性，而抗ＩＦＮγ的抗体则无作用。我们设想，人早期绒毛组织块在体外培养条件下所分泌的具有抗病毒活性的ＩＦＮ样物质，对胎儿的生长和发育必定具有一定的生理作用。     

抚桑花抗生育活性成分HR—1的研究

本文研究了抚桑花（Ｈｉｂｉｓｃｕｓ ｒｏｓａ－ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）石油醚溶物ＨＲ－１的抗生育活性。对妊娠早期小鼠灌胃ＨＲ－１（剂量为２，４，１０，１００，１０００ｍｇ（ｋｇ－ｄ）可抗早孕；放免测定血清Ｅ２和Ｐ表明，给药组Ｅ２和Ｐ均比对照组水平降低，可能是参与了抗早孕作用；卵巢组织学观察说明黄体在给药后受损。     

番木瓜籽粗提液对体外培养的人早期胎盘绒毛组织分泌功能的影响

本文报道了万寿果科番木瓜(Carica papaya)籽的乙醇提液和水煎剂对人早期胎盘绒毛组织分泌功能的影响。实验结果表明:上述两种药液对人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)和孕酮(progesterone)的分泌,对绒毛组织中滋养层(trophoblast)细胞的生长,均有抑制作用。     

强啡肽(DYN)对人胎盘绒毛组织促性腺素分泌的影响

用胎盘绒毛组织体外孵育法(无血清培液)研究了强啡肽对妊娠6～10周人胎盘绒毛组织分泌促性腺素的影响.结果表明,当DYN浓度为10~(-9)mol/L,与对照组相比,有明显的刺激作用(P<0.05);浓度为10~(-10)mol/L,刺激作用最强(p<0.001).DYN可能在胎盘绒毛组织分泌hCG中起重要作用.     

扶桑花抗生育活性成分HR-1的研究(英文)

本文研究了扶桑花（Ｈｉｂｉｓｃｕｓｒｏｓａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）石油醚溶物ＨＲ１的抗生育活性．对妊娠早期小鼠灌胃ＨＲ１（剂量为２，４，１０，１００，１０００ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）可抗早孕；放免测定血清Ｅ２和Ｐ表明，给药组Ｅ２和Ｐ均比对照组水平降低，可能是参与了抗早孕作用；卵巢组织学观察说明黄体在给药后受损．     

沙棘果硫酸化酯多糖HR_3SL的制备与分析

从沙棘果皮分离提取了相对分子质量较均一的杂多糖ＨＲ３ ．用氯碘酸吡啶法对ＨＲ３ 进行硫酸化修饰后,相对分子质量明显增大,ＨＲ３ＳＬ的紫外光谱与红外光谱分析表明,在２０８ ｎｍ ,２６８ ｎｍ ,２８６ ｎｍ 和１ ２４０ ｃｍ －１ ,６２０ ｃｍ －１ 有硫酸酯键的特征吸收峰．紫外光谱法与硫酸钡质量法测定ＨＲ３ＳＬ中ＳＯ２－４ 含量约为２１ ％ ．     

扶桑花乙酸乙酯不溶物HR-4的生物学作用研究

扶桑花乙酸乙酯不溶物ＨＲ－４对离体子宫和心血管系统的影响．结果表明，１．ＨＲ－４对小鼠离体子宫有明显的收缩作用，该作用可被异丙嗪完全阻断；而消炎痛可部分抑制该兴奋作用．２．ＨＲ－４对离体蛙心的心肌收缩力有抑制性影响，且ＨＲ－４对心肌收缩幅度的影响较对心率的影响更为明显．     

Localization and possible role of membrane type metallo-proteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 in early stages of placentation

Human placental tissues from the first and second trimesters of gestation have been investigated using riboprobein situ hybridisation of mRNA sequences coding for membrane type metalloproteinase (MT-1-MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Results show that (i) both mRNAs express at a relatively high level in the chorion laeve trophoblast cells and the adjacent decidual cells of fetal membrane; (ii) the most abundant expression of the two mRNAs was found in the extravillous trophoblast between Rohrs and Nitabuch striae of basal plate, trophoblast shell and gland cells of the decidua; (iii) isolated or small groups of cytotrophoblast cells in the chorionic villi and in the cells lining arterioles in decidua and stem villi also expressed both MT-1-MMP and TIMP-1 at defferent extents. The data suggest that the coordinated expression of the MT-MMP and its inhibitor TIMP in defferent cells of the placental tissue may play an essential role in trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis related to placentation in the first two trimesters of gestation. They may also have an ability to effect separation of fetal from material tissue at a favorable junctional site during parturition.     

Role of corin in trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodelling in pregnancy

In pregnancy, trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodelling are important for lowering maternal vascular resistance and increasing uteroplacental blood flow. Impaired spiral artery remodelling has been implicated in pre-eclampsia, a major complication of pregnancy, for a long time but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Corin (also known as atrial natriuretic peptide-converting enzyme) is a cardiac protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiac hormone that is important in regulating blood pressure. Unexpectedly, corin expression was detected in the pregnant uterus. Here we identify a new function of corin and ANP in promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodelling. We show that pregnant corin- or ANP-deficient mice developed high blood pressure and proteinuria, characteristics of pre-eclampsia. In these mice, trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodelling were markedly impaired. Consistent with this, the ANP potently stimulated human trophoblasts in invading Matrigels. In patients with pre-eclampsia, uterine Corin messenger RNA and protein levels were significantly lower than that in normal pregnancies. Moreover, we have identified Corin gene mutations in pre-eclamptic patients, which decreased corin activity in processing pro-ANP. These results indicate that corin and ANP are essential for physiological changes at the maternal-fetal interface, suggesting that defects in corin and ANP function may contribute to pre-eclampsia.     

Microscopic and ultramicroscopic localizations and quantitative analysis of 5-HT receptors in human placentas

The localizations of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HTR) at light and electron microscopic levels and its quantitative analysis in human placentas were studied by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Both syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast in placental villi and fetal white blood cells in villose capillary cavity showed 5-HT receptor immunoreactivity, with 5-HT 1A receptor mRNA hybridized signal detected in cytoplasm. But the stromal cells and capillary endothelium in placental villi showed 5-HT receptor immunoreactivity in cytoplasm, without 5_HT\-1A receptor mRNA hybridized signal detected. This suggested that two layers of trophoblast cells may produce 5-HT 1 and 5-HT 2 receptors, that the stromal cells and capillary endothelium in placental villi may only produce 5-HT 2 receptor. By immunohistochemistry at electron microscopic level, the small flattened vesicles and large dense cored vesicle within trophoblast cells showed 5-HT receptor immunoreactivity. This suggested that it may be the result of 5-HT receptors internalization and transportion. Using a quantitative immunohistochemical method, the contents of 5-HT receptor in placenta were higher during the 6th week of gestation, and decreased in 7th and 8th, reoccurred the second peak in the 9th, reduced gradually during the 10th, 20th and 40th of the gestation period. These changes paralleled the contents of 5-HT in the authors' studies, reflecting that 5-HT may be one of the most important bioactive substances in placental self-regulation.     

Eomesodermin is required for mouse trophoblast development and mesoderm formation

The earliest cell fate decision in the mammalian embryo separates the extra-embryonic trophoblast lineage, which forms the fetal portion of the placenta, from the embryonic cell lineages. The body plan of the embryo proper is established only later at gastrulation, when the pluripotent epiblast gives rise to the germ layers ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Here we show that the T-box gene Eomesodermin performs essential functions in both trophoblast development and gastrulation. Mouse embryos lacking Eomesodermin arrest at the blastocyst stage. Mutant trophoectoderm does not differentiate into trophoblast, indicating that Eomesodermin may be required for the development of trophoblast stem cells. In the embryo proper, Eomesodermin is essential for mesoderm formation. Although the specification of the anterior-posterior axis and the initial response to mesoderm-inducing signals is intact in mutant epiblasts, the prospective mesodermal cells are not recruited into the primitive streak. Our results indicate that Eomesodermin defines a conserved molecular pathway controlling the morphogenetic movements of germ layer formation and has acquired a new function in mammals in the differentiation of trophoblast.     

Expression, distribution and function of the focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) during murine ectoplacental cone outgrowthin vitro

Mouse embryo implantation is a complex process that includes trophoblast cells derived from ectoplacental cone (EPC) adhesion to and migration through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of uterine endometrium and invasion into the decidua. At the time of implantation, fibronectin (FN) is abundant in the decidua and is distributed pericellularly around each individual stromal cell, and its receptor (integrin α-5β-1) expression on trophoblast populations is up-regulated. The focal adhesion kinase, a 125 ku protein tyrosine kinase (pp125 FAK), is tyrosine phosphorylated upon integrin engagement with its ECM ligand, and its tyrosine phosphorylation sites then serve as the binding sites which couple it with cellular proteins that contain Src SH2 or SH3 domains. Through these linkages, pp125 FAK may integrate multiple signals triggered by integrins. The model of EPC culture %in vitro% was used to study the expression, distribution and function of pp125 FAK during EPC outgrowth on FN. Results indicated that, pp125 FAK primarily expressed and distributed in cellular focal adhesions of the front edge of trophoblast outgrowth from EPC, and was localized in the peripheral region of the individual migrating trophblast cell; antibody or antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to pp125 FAK inhibited EPC attachment and outgrowth, as well as trophoblast cells spreading and migration. This experiment demonstrated that pp125 FAK as an integrin-mediated signaling molecule was involved in EPC outgrowth %in vitro%, and played an important role during trophoblast cells interaction with FN.     

米非司酮对JAR细胞凋亡的诱导作用

米非司酮是一类抗孕激素和抗糖皮质激素药物,在临床被广泛用于早孕的终止．发现米非司酮能抑制人滋养层瘤细胞（ＪＡＲ）的生长．药物处理使细胞形态出现典型的凋亡特征．被处理细胞的ＤＮＡ经琼脂糖电泳呈凋亡细胞特有的云梯状条带．原位凋亡检测也证实了凋亡细胞的存在．临床样品分析证明,米非司酮药物流产的人绒毛组织也发生了明显的细胞凋亡．说明米非司酮诱导流产的机制除了对子宫蜕膜的作用外,还可能与诱导滋养层细胞凋亡有关     

Expression and function of a new angiogenic factor AA98 target molecule at the maternal-embryonic boundary of rhesus monkey

The target molecule of monoclonal antibody AA98 (AA for short) is a new vascular endothelial cell related factor and plays a role in angiogenesis as indicated by the previous data. To investigate its role in angiogenesis and placentation in primate, we examined its expression in the implantation sites on D17, 19, 28 and 34 of gestation in rhesus monkey by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblot. Western blot analysis showed that the primary antibody used in this study was specific for its epitope. AA protein was mainly expressed in small blood vessels and in some cytotrophoblast cells. The AA staining was found mainly in the endothelial cells and vascular small muscle. This observation supported the AA‘s role in angiogenesis. AA was spatio-temporarily expressed in cytotrophoblasts: weak in proliferating trophoblast within cell column and endovascular trophoblast, strong in trophoblastic subpopulation within the basal plate and vascular trophoblast; AA staining within the basal plate was down-regulated during early placentation. The shift of AA98 expression in extravillous trophoblasts suggestes a role of this new factor during the course of cytotrophoblast metastasis and spiral artery remodeling. The spatio-temporarily expression indicats that AA98 could be also used as a trophoblast cellular marker to characterize the acquisition of a vascular endothelial and invasive phenotype.     

Localization and the possible role of plasminogen activators and inhibitors in early stages of placentation

The distribution of mRNAs of tissue type (t) and urokinase type (u) plasminogen activator (PA) plus their corresponding inhibitors, type-1 (PAI-1) and type-2 (PAI-2) have been studied in the tissues of human first and second trimester placentae by in situ hybridization. The results show that: (ⅰ) All the molecules, tPA, uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2, were identified in the blood vessels, the majority of extravillous trophoblastic cells of the decidual layer between Rohr’s and Nitabuch’s stria and in the trophoblast cells lining the chorionic plate, basal plate, intercotyledonary septae and cytotrophoblast cells of the chorionic villous tree. (ⅱ) No expression of such probes was observed in the basal and chorionic plate, glandular cells of the decidua, the septal tissues or the villous core mesenchyme. The co-distribution of the molecules observed suggests that the co-ordinated expression of the activators and inhibitors in various cells of the placental tissue may play a role in angiogenesis related to conversion of spiral arteries into utero-placental arteries and establishment of a chorio-decidual blood flow during early stages of placentation.     

高光谱数据在水稻含氮量监测中的应用

利用SVCHR-768便携式地物光谱仪对唱凯示范田基地的水稻进行反射光谱测定,同时采取样本进行氮含量的测定,以及光谱因子的筛选。结果表明,绿峰峰值是水稻氮含量分析的最佳因子,回归分析得到的模型相关系数为0．782,预测精度较好,约为92．5％。     

光电光谱法测定镍基合金中的镧和铈

介绍镍基合金中稀土元素镧和铈的光电光谱测定方法。运用美国贝尔德SPECTROVAC 2000(DV5,HR—400火花光源)型光电光谱仪,以镍元素为内标,通过对谱线进行干扰校正和基体校正,所得分析结果基本与标准值一致,相对标准偏差均小于10％。