微波烧结制备纳米稀土改性WC-Co硬质合金

以WC粉为基体,Co粉为粘结相,添加纳米Y2O3,通过球磨、压制成型和微波烧结制备WC-Co硬质合金。结果表明:制备的试样相结构为WC和η相(Co3W3C相),随烧结温度提高,试样的相对密度明显增大,在1 300℃时达到最高值,继续升高到1 320℃时出现局部熔融现象,随保温时间延长,试样的相对密度明显增大,但保温20 min后趋于稳定。加入纳米Y2O3可以明显细化晶粒,且其硬度和抗弯强度有一定程度提高。     

烧结工艺对Bi_(3.5)La_(0.5)Ti_3O_(12)陶瓷显微结构及其性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了平均粒径约为191nm的Bi_(3.5)La_(0.5)Ti_3O_(12)粉末。对比研究了传统烧结、快速升温两步烧结和快速升温一步烧结三种烧结工艺对处于近纳米级Bi_(3.5)La_(0.5)Ti_3O_(12)坯体的致密化、最终陶瓷的显微结构以及介电性能的影响。研究结果表明,烧结过程的保温阶段,相同的保温时间下,快速升温两步烧结工艺在第二阶段保温温度比其他两种烧结工艺降低30℃的情况下制备的试样的密度较高,平均晶粒尺寸最小;传统烧结工艺制备的试样密度低于其它两种工艺的试样密度,且试样晶粒尺寸最大;快速升温一步烧结工艺制备的试样密度最大。介电测试结果表明,采用不同烧结升温工艺均保温8小时制备的试样的介电常数随着试样晶粒尺寸的增加而增大,居里温度点随着晶粒尺寸的增加而向高温方向移动。     

高能球磨法制备Mg_4Nb_2O_9微波介质陶瓷及其表征

采用高能球磨法制备粉体.粉体球磨60 h后在900℃保温3 h预烧合成Mg4Nb2O9纯相,研究了由高能球磨所得粉体制备的Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷的相结构、显微组织和微波介电性能随烧结温度的变化关系.X射线衍射检测Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷在1 150～1 200℃烧结过程中有微量的MgNb2O6和Mg5Nb4O15杂相产生,烧结温度高于1 200℃时,样品为Mg4Nb20g纯相;样品收缩率和密度随烧结温度的增大而增加,在1 200℃趋于饱和,分别为13.6和4.22 g/cm3(相对密度96.42%);样品的气孔含量随烧结温度增大降低,晶粒尺寸随烧结温度增大而增大,介电常数和品质因数随烧结温度的增大而增加;1 200℃烧结的样品具有高的致密度、清晰的显微组织,平均晶粒尺寸为3.5 μm,微波介电性能εr=12.6,Q·f=133164 GHz,τ=-56.69×10-6/℃.实验结果表明.高能球磨有效促进球磨后粉体在900℃低温合成Mg4Nb2O9纯相;并降低Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷的烧结温度到1 200℃,改善了陶瓷的谐振频率温度系数,有望成为新一代中温烧结微波介质材料.     

前驱粉粒径对(Pb_(0.945)Bi_(0.027)La_(0.01))(Nb_(0.95)Ti_(0.0625))_2O_6压电陶瓷结构和电学性能的影响

在固相法制备陶瓷试样的过程中分别采用高能振动球磨法(I类试样)和普通行星式球磨法(II类试样)制备得到具有不同平均粒径的前驱粉体,研究了前驱粉体粒度对该陶瓷的预烧性能、烧结性能、相结构、显微结构、介电和压电性能的影响。高能振动球磨法获得的前驱粉体在725℃预烧即可得到纯三方相,而采用普通行星式球磨法获得的前驱粉体在900℃预烧才能得到纯三方相。Ⅰ类试样获得纯正交铁电相的烧结温度为1 170~1 185℃,而Ⅱ类试样获得纯正交铁电相的烧结温度为1 180~1 190℃。Ⅰ类试样的晶粒各向异性显著降低。两类陶瓷的介电性能差异并不显著,在室温至400℃温度范围内陶瓷的介电常数均没有明显改变。在1 180℃烧结的Ⅱ类陶瓷试样具有较大的压电常数(d33=87pC/N),而Ⅰ类陶瓷试样的压电常数略低。     

石英质捣打料的烧结性能研究

以大容量中频炉用石英质捣打料为对象,研究在不同烧结温度、添加不同含量促烧剂条件下烧结捣打料的性能。结果表明,石英平均晶粒度为550μm;α-磷石英向α-方石英的相变温度约为1 250℃;随着促烧剂含量的增加,1 100℃烧结试样的线变化率总体呈增大趋势,1 600℃烧结试样的线变化率先增大后减小,试样的显气孔率总体呈降低趋势,捣打料的耐压强度均随促烧剂含量的增加而逐渐增大;促烧剂对捣打料中温烧结强度影响明显,其高温烧结则主要依赖于石英粉体。     

SPS烧结温度对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金微观结构及性能的影响

以高能球磨法制备的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备93W--4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金,研究了烧结温度对钨合金微观组织及性能的影响.采用扫描电镜对试样的断口进行观察,采用能量色散谱仪对合金的组元进行成分分析.结果表明:①烧结温度对合金的性能有显著的影响,在1 350℃时钨合金的抗拉强度达到一个极大值,为981 MPa,此时钨合金的相对密度和W晶粒的尺寸分别为98.9%和5μm;②当烧结温度达到1375℃时,合金中Ni元素开始挥发,随着温度的快速上升,合金中Ni元素的挥发不断加剧,当烧结温度升高至1425℃时合金中Ni元素已完全挥发;③合金的断裂方式随着烧结温度的升高发生显著的变化,当烧结温度升至1350℃时钨合金的断裂方式由W晶粒界面分离向W-W、W-黏结相界面断裂转变,而当烧结温度超过此温度时钨合金的断裂方式又转变为W晶粒的沿晶脆性断裂;④SPS快速烧结能够有效抑制W晶粒的长大,促进钨合金的细晶强化作用.     

TaC含量对YG类稀土硬质合金性能的影响

采用5种不同TaC含量的超细WC-Co类稀土硬质合金粉体,经过高能球磨72 h,冷压成型后在1 380℃下真空烧结制备成硬质合金试样.重点讨论TaC含量对合金性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明,TaC的加入有利于提高合金的物理性能,并且有晶粒长大抑制作用.     

超高温烧结条件下氧化铝板状晶体的形貌

将含有各种微量掺杂物的氧化铝超细粉成型试样在 1 850℃ ,190 0℃和 1 92 5℃还原气氛下进行烧结 ,利用 SEM,EDS和 XRD对烧后试样的显微结构和微区组成进行分析。含有 Mg O Y2 O3,V2 O5 和Na2 B4O7 V2 O5 Pr等掺杂物 ,经 1 92 5℃烧结后的试样中均存在板状晶粒。本文中所定义的板状晶粒为 :尺寸大于 30 μm,长度 /厚度 >50的异常晶粒。     

加热温度对铸态Ti1100氧化及表面形貌的影响

研究了铸态Ti1100在不同温度下保温5小时的氧化增重和表面形貌.结果表明,随着加热温度的升高,铸造Ti1100氧化加重.300℃基本不氧化;500℃-700℃,Ti1100试样增重0.28-0.62%; 1100℃氧化增重严重,达到12.73%;钛的氧化增重为吸氧.用JSM-6360LV型扫描电子显微镜观察试样表面形貌,300-600℃氧化膜极薄且致密;700℃试样表面有少量的氧化腐蚀坑,表面较致密;900℃试样表面有较多的突起氧化层,表面不致密;1100℃氧化层为板片状TiO2.氧化过程为高温时,氧化膜晶粒粗大变得疏松,氧通过氧化膜扩散进基体.     

氧化锆流延基片的烧结温度及其性能研究

比较了3种不同的烧结温度对氧化锆流延基片性能的影响.结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,基片的收缩率和相对密度增加、硬度增加、气孔率减小、晶粒和气孔的平均尺寸均有所增加.在1 500 ℃保温3 h可以获得较高的致密度(相对密度97.8%)和合适的晶粒尺寸,试样在1 073 K时离子电导率为1.187×10-2S·cm-1,烧结体物相主要为四方相.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-