TiO2纳米粉体的制备及光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶过程超临界干燥法制备了ＴｉＯ２纳米粉 ,并通过ＸＲＤ,ＢＥＴ,ＴＥＭ等方法对所得样品进行了表征,制备的ＴｉＯ２气凝胶具有很高的比表面积（４８８ｍ＾２．ｇ＾－１）,平均粒径为４．６ｎｍ,具有锐钛矿型晶体结构,经５００℃煅烧２ｈ所得的纳米粉体,锐钛矿型晶体结构更为明显,平均粒径６．７ｎｍ,比表面积１５８ｍ＾２．ｇ＾－１。     

Sol—Gel法合成TiO_2超细粉末

用Ｓｏｌ—Ｇｅｌ法成功地合成了ＴｉＯ２超细粉末。研究表明，这样制备的超细粉末在室温至７５０℃之间经历无定形态→锐钛矿→锐钛矿与金红石共存→金红石的相变，其比表面积为１７～２５１ｍ２／ｇ，平均晶粒尺寸为３～１００ｎｍ，杂质含量少，纯度高。     

层状金属氧化物的离子交换性能研究

本文利用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＤＴＡ及ＢＥＴ等现代仪器，研究了Ｋ－Ｚｎ－Ｔｉ层状金属氧化物（ＬＭＯ）经ＨＡＣ，ＮＨ４Ｃｌ交换前后的基本性能。结果表明：该ＬＭＯ具有良好的离子交换性能，其面网间距由０．７８ｎｍ分别增加到０．８６ｎｍ和０．８８ｎｍ．同时，比表面积由２７ｍ２／ｇ分别增加到３０ｍ２／ｇ和５９ｍ２／ｇ，可望作为大孔分子筛的制备原料。     

纳米TiO2材料的合成与特性

用溶胶一凝胶法制得了纳米晶的ＴｉＯ２粉未，采用热分析、Ｘ射线、透射电镜及红外吸收光谱技术研究了材料的结构及尺寸形貌在不同热处理温度下的变化规律．结果表明：ＴｉＯ２干凝胶粉未在３５０℃热处理后晶态锐钛矿结构开始形成，而粉末的粒径增长缓慢；ＴＥＭ显示平均颗粒大小为２２ｎｍ．当热处理温度高于５５０℃时，ＴｉＯ２晶粒迅速长大，并出现金红石结构的ＴｉＯ２到７５０℃时，样品中所有的晶粒均转变为金红石结构．     

添加剂对 ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)粉末比表面积的影响

采用ＥＤＴＡ（乙二胺四乙酸）溶胶－凝胶法制备了ＺｒＯ２－８％Ｙ２Ｏ３（摩尔分数）纳米粉末,并研究了２种添加剂对粉末比表面积的影响．结果表明,促进凝胶稳定形成并增强氧化气氛的添加剂,可以增加粉末的均匀分散性,从而提高粉末的比表面积．经６００℃／２ｈ煅烧后,粉末的比表面积为１１０ｍ２／ｇ,平均粒径约１０ｎｍ,然而仍有微量Ｃｌ残余,因此,最佳制粉工艺还有待细致的研究．     

ZrO2超细粒子的制备与表征

以共沉淀结合喷雾干燥的方法制备了纳米级的ＹＴＺ粉料（以Ｙ２Ｏ３稳定的ＺｒＯ２）,讨论了反应物浓度、碱度、烧结方法、成粒方法、烧结条件等对粉料的影响．热分析和ＸＲＤ（Ｘ－射线衍射）分析显示,当温度从常温升至７００℃,粉料经历了由无定形向四方相、单斜相晶体的转变,相变温度分别是４５０、７００℃．对烧结过程的研究发现,在３００℃处并非为简单的失水过程而是相转变．用ＴＥＭ（透射电子显微镜）观察了粉料团聚体的形貌、尺寸,ＴＥＭ及Ｘ射线线宽法确定晶粒的大小约２０ｎｍ;ＢＥＴ法测得其比表面积最高可达７９．５ｍ２／ｇ．     

乙二醇在络合物溶胶凝胶法中的作用

采用ＥＤＴＡ（乙二胺四乙酸）溶胶凝胶法制备了ＺｒＯ２８％Ｙ２Ｏ３（摩尔分数）纳米粉末．研究了乙二醇对粉末平均粒径和团聚体强度的影响机理．结果表明：在溶液中加入乙二醇,可取代氢键而参与ＥＤＴＡ络合物分子之间的聚合反应,改善了凝胶稳定性,从而制得均匀透明的凝胶,并在一定程度上减少了硬团聚;先后经４００℃,２ｈ及７００℃,２ｈ煅烧,粉末比表面积为３５ｍ２／ｇ,平均粒径约２８ｎｍ,颗粒尺寸分布范围极窄,中位径ｄ５０仅为０．４４μｍ,且大多为软团聚．     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超细Y_2O_3: Eu~(3+)

以金属醇盐为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶法制备出均匀的、体心立方结构的Ｙ２Ｏ３Ｅｕ３＋超细粉末．借助ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ、ＩＲ、ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ等分析手段,研究了凝胶的转变过程和粉末的结构,观察了粉末的形貌和粒径．结果表明：在４２３℃煅烧已有Ｙ２Ｏ３Ｅｕ３＋相生成,经８５０℃煅烧即得单－Ｙ２Ｏ３Ｅｕ３＋相超微粉,平均晶粒尺寸为５３ｎｍ;煅烧温度进一步升高,Ｙ２Ｏ３Ｅｕ３＋晶粒长大     

Ag-TiO_2锐钛矿相复合粒子的纳米结构及其Ag对TiO_2光学性质的增强效应(英文)

本文报导经用液相电弧放电结合水热处理制备的Ａｇ修饰ＴｉＯ２锐钛矿相复合粒子呈现亚铃状纳米结构,并具有拉曼表面增强散射（ＳＥＲＳ）。随着Ａｇ ＴｉＯ２团簇复合粒子。平均尺寸的减少,增强效应趋于增加,最大增强因子可达８００。Ａｇ粒子表面等离子体激发的强电场产生ＴｉＯ２超细粒子新的光学响应。作者也发现该锐钛矿相在１４０ｃｍ－１处或许由无序引起的一个新的谱带,同时简要讨论了体系ＳＥＲＳ增强弱化的原因。     

Ag—TiO2锐钛矿相复合粒子的纳米结构及其Ag对TiO2光学性 …

本文报导经用液相电弧放电结合水热处理制备的Ａｇ修饰ＴｉＯ２锐钛矿相复合粒子呈现亚铃状纳米结构，并具有拉曼表面增强散射（ＳＥＲＳ），随着Ａｇ－ＴｉＯ２团簇复合粒子。平均尺寸的减少，增强效应效于增加，最大增强因子可达８００。Ａｇ粒子表面等离子体激光的强电场产生ＴｉＯ２超细粒子新的光学响应。作者也发现锐钛矿相在１４０ｃｍ＾－１处或许由无序引起的一个新的谱带，同时简要讨论了体系的ＳＥＲＳ增强弱化的原因。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.