装配式辐射供冷顶板性能的数值模拟

为提高装配式辐射供冷顶板的性能,建立了一种采用空气层进行热量交换的装配式辐射供冷顶板的数学模型,应用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)技术,数值模拟了耦合冷冻水管辐射顶板空气层的流场和温度场,分析了不同空气层厚度和不同供水温度对辐射顶板热特性的影响.数值模拟结果表明:空气层内由于温度差引起自然对流,辐射板内通过辐射,对流和导热的传热方式,使辐射板表面温度分布更均匀.在保证辐射板表面最低温度高于室内露点温度的条件下,随着空气层厚度和供水温度的增加,辐射板的表面平均温度升高,供冷能力下降.空气层厚度和供水温度的增加或减小会降低辐射板表面温度分布的均匀性.     

物性参数对封闭腔体自然对流数值模拟的影响

采用两种不同的物性参数处理方法对不同温差下的封闭方腔内自然对流进行数值计算,研究瑞利数Ra从103～106之间时,封闭方腔内空气的流动换热规律,将所得到的数值模拟结果与研究文献做了对比分析,验证了其方法的准确性,同时对比分析了利用多项式考虑气体物性参数随温度变化情况下的数值模拟结果.计算结果表明,在所计算的问题中,小温差下把热物性参数设置为常数可以一定程度上减小计算量,加快计算收敛速度,但在大温差下,物性参数设置为常数计算将造成计算结果相对误差较大.     

新型无梁楼盖磷石膏复合空腔层模盒保温隔热性能试验研究

磷石膏空腔模无梁楼盖作为一种新型建筑楼盖结构形式,兼具建筑维护和结构功能.由于楼盖内部含有较多封闭空腔,在不影响建筑结构的正常使用条件下,封闭空腔中的空气减轻了楼盖整体的自重,同时减少了热量的传播,比传统的现浇混凝土实心楼盖拥有更好的保温隔热性能.通过分析计算和FLUENT模拟发现,当封闭空腔内空气层厚度小于等于20 ...     

砼储油罐空气隔热层的最佳厚度分析

根据封闭空气隔热层的传热机理，通过极值分析，推导出使垂直空气层保温效果最好的最佳隔热层厚度公式，为降低混凝土储油罐的罐壁温差、预防和控制裂缝，提供了一条经济有效的途径．     

直通式真空集热管的热性能研究

为了研究直通式真空集热管内的换热特性以及影响集热管性能的因素,建立从吸收管到外界环境的不同阶段的传热数学模型,对每个传热阶段进行分析与计算;当吸收管内外表面温度一定时,导热量随着壁厚度的增加而减少,吸收管外径与内径比为1. 05时的导热量只有1. 02时的1/3;吸收管的导热系数与吸收管自身温度有关,单位温差下吸收管温度每提高100℃,导热量就会增加约163 W/m;吸收管与玻璃管之间对流换热量主要受环形区域压力影响;辐射换热量受吸收管外表面温度影响较大,金属吸收管的发射率会随着温度提高而增加;玻璃外管温度越高,环境温度越低,辐射换热量越大;环境风速的增加会强化对流换热系数,增加热损失.     

方管内混合对流与管壁导热耦合换热的数值模拟

针对方管内空气混合对流时的流固耦合换热问题,提出将壁面导热作为边界条件进行处理的壁面导热与流动耦合简化计算方法,推导了计算公式,并采用SIMPLER算法进行了数值模拟.算法忽略壁面沿厚度方向的导热,假设管壁温度沿轴向一维分布,采用热量平衡法建立边界单元的能量守恒方程,将固体区域的导热简化为流体区域的边界条件,以提高计算的精度和可靠性.计算结果表明,受二次流影响,沿通道周向热量从加热面同时沿顺时针和逆时针方向迅速向两边传递,各壁面最大温差小于0.5℃,在轴向归一化长度为2～4时壁面轴向导热热流密度出现最值.平均Nusselt数Num随Reynolds数Re及方管倾斜角度θ的增大而增大,最优倾角在-30°和0°之间变化,但当Re＞1 500时,Num随θ的变化近似保持不变.计算结果与实验数据吻合良好,最大偏差小于±28.7％.     

中空玻璃空气夹层内的自然对流换热

从传热学的角度论述和分析了中空玻璃空气夹层内自然对流换热。采用FLUENT软件对夹层厚度δ为6、9、12、14和16 mm时的自然对流换热进行数值模拟,并将所获得的对流换热量与按纯导热计算的结果作了比较分析。结果表明,空气夹层内的自然对流换热的主要影响因素包括气体种类、瑞利数Ra、空气夹层的相对厚度δ/H和壁面温差ΔT。在设定条件下,中空玻璃空气夹层内自然对流换热在上述δ下可近似作为纯导热处理。通过模拟结果和经验公式分别计算了中空玻璃传热系数K,与中空玻璃热工计算的成熟软件的计算结果比较接近。     

有内置物的二维封闭方腔自然对流实验研究

利用实时激光全息干涉法研究了内置孤立物体的二维封闭方腔自然对流换热．得出了在不同的Ｒａ数下和具有不同导热系数的内置孤立物体情况下的平均换热系数．有内置物体与无内置物体时相比,相同条件下自然对流的换热系数减少,而且当内置物体的导热性能较高时,其换热系数下降的幅度更大．有关的数值解与实验结果基本一致     

大温差测试条件下热防护材料高温导热系数试验方法

热防护材料高温导热系数是进行高超声速飞行器设计不可或缺的参数。通过热防护材料导热系数理论分析以及传统稳态法试验原理数学推导,说明了热防护材料导热系数物理本质。探讨了试验温差对热防护材料导热系数测试的重要性和传统稳态法在测试热防护材料高温导热系数时的技术局限性。基于热防护材料内部温度分层特征以及导热系数-温度非线性关系函数形式直接假设,提出并分析证明了两种适用于大温差测试条件的热防护材料高温导热系数试验方法。对热防护材料高温导热系数获取有重要的参考价值。     

有内置物的二维封闭方腔自然对流实验研究

利用实时激光全息干涉法研究了内置孤立物体的二维封闭方腔自然对流换热。得出了在不同的Ｒａ数下和具有不同导热系数的内置孤立物体情况下的平均换热系数,有内置物体与无内置物体时相比,相同条件下自然对流的换热系数减少,而且当内置物体的导热性能较高时,其换热系数下降的幅度更大,有关的数值解与实验结果基本一致。     

几种轻薄型服用保暖材料的性能研究

考察了几种熔喷保暖材料的透气率、克罗值、热导率、传导系数及顶破强力与其厚度及平方米克重之间的关系.结果显示材料的厚度对其透气性、保温性和顶破强力均有显著影响：材料的透气性随着厚度的增加,先增大后减小;保暖性随着厚度的增加而增加,到达一定值后基本保持不变;顶破强力随着厚度的增加而增加.材料的平方米克重与透气性及顶破强力之间无明显关系,而对材料的保暖性影响显著：材料的保暖性随材料的平方米克重先显著增加,之后基本不变.该结果对于保暖材料的选择和使用具有一定的指导作用.     

封闭方腔自然对流的涡结构和传热特性

为研究封闭方腔自然对流的涡结构和传热特性,对普朗特数,Pr=0.71,方腔高长比A=H/L=1,瑞利数Ra=1.58×109的二维封闭方腔自然对流进行了直接数值模拟. 给出了水平边界层发展阶段和垂直边界层转捩阶段的流场结构以及Nu数分布. 结果表明,压力梯度对方腔的水平速度变化起着决定性的作用;高Ra数下的自然对流在逆压梯度作用下水平方向形成一系列的涡,这些涡使得水平边界层流动形成分层结构;壁面Nu数与速度梯度?v/?y有着密不可分的关系.      

Analysis of melting driven by friction and temperature difference under sliding plate

The contact melting processes of phase change material (PCM) under a sliding plate, which is driven by the friction and temperature difference AT, are studied. By using film theory, the fundamental equations for the melting process are derived. The thickness of boundary layer, the pressure distribution inside boundary layer and the mass melting rate of PCM are also obtained with the numerical method. It is found that (1) the larger the temperature difference is, the larger the thickness of boundary layer and the mass melting rate are, and the more asymmetric the pressure distribution is; (2) the quicker the sliding velocity is, the larger the mass melting rate is, the flatter the thickness of boundary layer is, and the more symmetric the pressure distribution is; (3) the results of the contact melting driven together by the friction and temperature difference cannot be obtained by the addition of those driven respectively by the friction and temperature difference.     

Analysis of melting driven by friction and temperature difference under sliding plate

The contact melting processes of phase change material (PCM) under a sliding plate, which is driven by the friction and temperature difference ΔT, are studied. By using film theory, the fundamental equations for the melting process are derived. The thickness of boundary layer, the pressure distribution inside boundary layer and the mass melting rate of PCM are also obtained with the numerical method. It is found that (1) the larger the temperature difference is, the larger the thickness of boundary layer and the mass melting rate are, and the more asymmetric the pressure distribution is; (2) the quicker the sliding velocity is, the larger the mass melting rate is, the flatter the thickness of boundary layer is, and the more symmetric the pressure distribution is; (3) the results of the contact melting driven together by the friction and temperature difference cannot be obtained by the addition of those driven respectively by the friction and temperature difference.     

Constructal entransy optimizations for insulation layer of steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions

Based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process, the constructal optimizations for a plane insulation layer of the steel rolling reheating furnace wall with convective and radiative boundary conditions are carried out by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal construct of the plane insulation layer is obtained. The results show that for the convective heat transfer boundary condition, the optimal constructs of the insulation layer obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and heat loss rate are obvi- ously different. Comparing the optimal construct obtained based on the minimization of the entransy dissipation rate with that based on the minimization of the heat loss rate, the entransy dissipation rate is reduced by 5.98 %, which makes the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer improve. For the combined convective and radiative heat transfer boundary condition, compared the insulation layer having an increasing thickness with that having constant thickness and a decreasing thickness, the entransy dissipation rates are reduced by 16.59 % and 39.72 %, respectively, and the global thermal insulation performance of the insulation layer is greatly improved.There exits an optimal constant coefficient α2,opt which leads to the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate of the insulation layer. The difference between the optimal constant coefficients α2,opt obtained based on the minimizations of the entransy dissipation rate and the maximum temperature gradient of the insulation layer is small. This makes the corresponding thermal stress obtained based on the minimum dimensionless entransy dissipation rate also be small, and the global thermal insulation performance and thermal safety of the insulation layer are improved simultaneously. The results obtained can provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of the insulation layers.     

内燃机缸内近壁气流速度及温度分布特性的数值分析

为解决内燃机缸内近壁处的气体流动和传热问题，研究了内燃机缸内近壁处的气流温度和速度分布特性．以二维可压缩平面边界层流动方程为基础，根据准稳态能量定律的假设，以F因子作为修正系数，建立了曲面边界层的二维模型，并计算了温度和速度边界层在曲面上的分布．结果表明：热边界层和速度边界层的厚度数量级均为10^-3m；壁面温度高处热边界层厚，反之较薄；气流速度梯度较大处速度边界层薄，反之较厚．计算结果得到了激光实验测量结果的验证．     

Analysis of contact melting around a horizontal elliptical cylinder heat source

The process of AT-driven contact melting of the solid phase change material （PCM） around a horizontal elliptical cylinder heat source is analyzed. Aiming at the problem existed in the published literature, namely the thickness of boundary layer tends to be infinite at φ = 90°, and considering the difference of normal angle between the horizontal elliptical cylinder surface and the solid-liquid interface of PCM, a new mathematic model is proposed, and the fundamental equations for the melting process are derived with the film theory. The new pressure distribution inside the boundary layer, the variation law of normal angle of the solid-liquid interface, the thickness of the boundary layer and the relationship between the melting velocity and resultant force are obtained. The solutions of the fundamental equations under different elliptical compression coefficients are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the thickness of the boundary layer obtained by the new model is a finite value and accords with the experimental result at φ = 90°.     

超临界混合流体自然对流的三维数值模拟

针对三维矩形腔体中超临界氮氩混合流体的Rayleigh-Bénard对流进行了数值模拟,研究了活塞效应、Soret效应和Dufour效应在自然对流发生发展过程中所产生的影响.结果显示:3种效应作用下自然对流可分为稳定边界层、对流产生和发展、稳定对流3个阶段.活塞效应在稳定热边界层时期发挥主导作用并促进对流发生,形成双热边界层结构.受温度梯度驱动Soret效应引起组分定向迁移,产生Dufour效应促进能量输运.与拟纯流体对比后发现,自然对流发展阶段混合流体中Soret和Dufour效应具有促进流动增强换热的效果.     

水平六角蜂窝腔内三维自然对流的数值计算

通过对水平六角蜂窝腔内流动和换热的数值计算，得到了Ra数从500～10^5内侧壁绝热时蜂窝腔内空气的流动换热结果．计算对比分析了在大温差条件下采用Boussinesq假设所带来的计算误差．数值计算方法采用有限体积的SIMPLEC算法，考虑蜂窝腔内空气物性随温度的变化．计算结果显示，在Ra=1000时，腔内的空气开始出现不稳定．对流项的离散采用二阶迎风格式和QUICK格式可得到几乎相同的结果，而采用一阶迎风格式可使结果产生一定的误差．计算结果也表明，在所计算的问题中，如果采用Boussinesq假设将使计算结果误差比较大．