Mg-3Al-1Zn-(0~0.5)Sr镁合金铸态组织中的第二相研究

为系统研究微量Sr对铸态AZ31镁合金组织中第二相的影响,且为含Sr的Mg-Al-Zn系合金设计提供理论基础,通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜观察(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段,对Sr含量为0~0.5(质量分数,%,下同)AZ31镁合金铸态组织中的第二相的类型及形成原因进行了分析。结果表明：铸态AZ31合金中除了Mg17Al12相以外,还存在少量的小块状Mg21(Zn,Al)17相。添加Sr含量为0.1的AZ31合金中存在Mg17Al12、Mg21(Zn,Al)17相以及少量Al4Sr相,添加Sr含量为0.3的合金组织中能观察到Al4Sr、Mg21(Zn,Al)17相以及少量Mg17Al12相,而在添加Sr含量为0.5的合金中仅能观察到Al4Sr和Mg21(Zn,Al)17相,Mg17Al12相的形成受到抑制。此外,层片状共晶Al4Sr相的数量在质量分数为0.3~0.5的区间随着Sr含量的增加显著增多。     

AZ63-Gd_1镁合金的显微组织和电化学性能

采用OM、SEM、XRD及电化学测试等方法,研究了添加1wt.%稀土元素Gd对AZ63镁合金显微组织和电化学性能的影响。结果表明:添加Gd使AZ63镁合金的腐蚀均匀,电流效率提高至62%,提高了约11%;Gd的添加使Mg17Al12环链断开,呈弥散分布,含量降低,从而降低了自腐蚀;合金的相组成中增加了镁和Gd形成的GdMg2合金相。含1wt.%Gd的镁合金牺牲阳极腐蚀电位为-1.72V,负移了0.3V。     

Mg-Zn-Al系合金组织和力学性能

通过调整Mg—Zn—Al系合金中Al和Zn的含量及比例,研究了其组织和力学性能变化规律．Mg—Zn—Al系合金组织由α-Mg基体和β相(Mg17Al12)、MgZn相、T相(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)组成．AZ51合金具有最高的常温抗拉强度,但屈服强度较低：AZ95和AZ55合金同时具有较好的常温抗拉强度和屈服强度．合金元素较少的合金高温强度低,合金元素多的合金强度高,AZ95合金具有良好的高温抗拉强度和屈服强度．常温和高温下,Mg—Al—Zn合金的塑性均随合金元素的增加而降低．     

B和Gd复合微合金化对AZ91镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射分析对添加微量B和稀土元素Gd的AZ91镁合金的显微组织及相组成进行了研究,并对其室温力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,AZ91镁合金中添加Gd后,Gd与Al形成杆状或块状的Al_2Gd化合物相。含Gd的质量分数为1.0%时,铸态合金的拉伸强度为207.8 MPa,相对未加Gd时提升了27.9%。AZ91镁合金复合添加B和Gd后,合金组织发生明显的变化,在减少Gd含量的基础上添加B,可达到用微量B代替部分Gd对AZ91的强化效果。对比单一添加Gd的铸态AZ91镁合金,在达到相同力学性能的情况下,(B+Gd)复合微合金化的AZ91镁合金的Gd添加量质量分数降低了19%,从而降低了成本。     

Mg-Al-RE系镁合金组织与性能

通过铸造和挤压变形工艺,研究了AE(Mg-Al-RE)系合金的显微组织及稀土和铝含量的变化对AE系合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:AE系合金的铸态显微组织由α-Mg基体相和沿晶界分布的Al.4RE,Mg17Al12相组成.随着稀土含量的增加,Mg17Al12相逐渐消失,Al4RE相的体积分数增加,并逐渐沿晶界处形成连续网状结构.挤压实验结果显示:AE系合金具有良好的形交加工性能,挤压后合金的强度和塑性均比铸态合金大幅度提高.稀土元素的加入对合金形变过程中的动态再结晶有一定的抑制作用.在AE系稀土镁合金中增加Al含量,可以使合金的综合力学性能上升到一个较高的水平.     

ZM5镁合金合金化阻燃的研究

研究合金元素Ca、富Ce混合稀土的加入对ZM5及ZM5-Li镁合金阻燃性能的影响.燃点测试结果表明,Ca和混合稀土的加入都能明显提高ZM5镁合金的燃点温度.当复合加入1.0%RE和0.8?后,镁合金表面形成致密氧化膜,舍金的起燃温度达到785℃,提高了240℃左右,可以实现无保护条件下的熔炼.然而添加微量Li的ZM5镁合金要达到同样的阻燃效果.添加的Ca量须大于1.5%.     

热处理工艺对AZ61镁合金干摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过常温下的销盘式干滑动摩擦磨损试验,研究固溶及不同时间的时效处理对铸态AZ61镁合金摩擦磨损性能的影响.试验载荷为100 N,滑动速度为0.78 m/s,滑动距离为1 km.结果表明:固溶处理使铸态合金中的粗大β-Mg17Al12相溶解,导致合金的硬度降低,摩擦系数和磨损率升高;在170℃下对AZ61合金进行不同时间(0~80 h)的时效处理使尺寸细小的β相在晶内和晶界处析出,提高了合金的耐磨性,其中时效20 h后合金的摩擦系数和磨损率最低.AZ61合金在摩擦磨损的过程中共存在三种磨损机制:磨粒磨损、氧化磨损及剥层磨损.     

粉末冶金法制备AZ91镁合金的组织及热性能

采用粉末冶金方法制备了AZ91镁合金,研究了烧结温度对合金的致密度和热导率的影响规律,并对烧结样品的物相和显微组织进行了分析. 研究发现,AZ91镁合金的最佳烧结温度为610℃,致密度可以达到97.4%,实验条件下所获得的最高热导率可达到63.1W·m-1·K-1. X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜结果分析表明,烧结合金组织主要由α-Mg固溶体和β-Mg17Al12相两相组成,其中β-Mg17Al12相表现出离异共晶β相和非连续析出β相两种主要存在形态.     

AZ91D镁合金消失模铸造稀土改性研究

消失模铸造是一种近无余量、精确成形的新铸造技术,在镁合金零部件制造方面具有良好的应用前景。该文采用消失模铸造AZ91D合金,研究了Y对镁合金组织和性能的影响,并分析了Y对镁合金显微组织的细化机理和力学性能的强化机制。结果表明:微量Y的加入可显著细化合金基体组织,同时该元素的加入可使合金内形成方块状的Al6Mn6Y相和杆状的Al2Y相。当Y含量为1.5%时,合金综合力学性能最佳。此外,与常规AZ91D合金相比,含Y的AZ91D合金在固溶、时效后的合金硬度及抗拉强度明显升高,同时延缓合金时效过程,使得合金到达时效峰值所需时间有所延长。     

部分固溶处理对AZ91D镁合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

对AZ91D镁合金进行部分固溶处理,研究其热处理后的组织和性能.结果表明:温度较低时,合金的性能随时间变化不明显.升高温度,硬度随时间延长逐渐降低,而抗拉强度和延伸率逐渐增加.当保温时间一定时,硬度随温度的升高逐渐降低,抗拉强度和延伸率则逐渐增加.部分固溶处理后,晶界处硬脆相β-Mg17Al12部分溶入基体,同时由原来的网状分布变成岛状分布.硬脆相的减少,使得合金的硬度有所下降,但高于完全固溶处理后的硬度,而硬脆相形态的改变,又提高了材料的抗拉强度和延伸率.升高温度或延长保温时间,合金的脆性断裂倾向减小,拉伸断口呈现出较多的韧窝,对大幅度提高合金的力学性能极为有利.     

Analysis of EET on Ca increasing the melting point of Mg17Al12 phase

The present investigation showed that the additions of Ca to the alloy AZ91 were mainly dissolved into the Mg17Al12 phase and increased its melting point and thermal stability, which would have great effects on the high- temperature properties of AZ91 alloy. The empirical electron theory (EET) of solid and molecules was used to calculate the valence electron structures (VES) of Mg17Al12 intermetallic compound with and without Ca addition. The results showed that Ca dissolving in Mg17Al12 phase increased the strength of bonds that control the thermal stability of Mg17Al12 phase. Additions of Ca also made the distribution of the valence electrons on the dominant bond network more uniform in the whole unit cell of Mg17Al12. The theoretical conclusions well account for the experimental results.     

Synergistic effect of Al and Gd on enhancement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

The effect of Gd/Al ratio on the properties of as-cast Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys was investigated by changing the chemical composition from that of AZ61 to GZ61. At the ratio of 1, the Al2Gd phase becomes predominant and Mg17Al12 is hardly seen in the microstructure. As a potent inoculant, the Al2Gd phase resulted in intense grain refinement and enhancement of strength, ductility and toughness. For instance, the tensile strength and elongation to failure of Mg-3Gd-3Al-1Zn alloy were enhanced by ~4% and 180% compared with those of AZ61 alloy, respectively. However, at high Gd/Al ratios, the Al2Gd phase was replaced by (Mg,Al)3Gd and Mg5Gd phases and very large grain sizes were achieved, which led to poor tensile properties and the appearance of cleavage facets on the fracture surfaces. Therefore, it can be deduced that the presence of Gd and Al, in appropriate amounts to reach Gd/Al ratio of ~ 1, is required for the achievement of grain refinement, good ductility, high strength, and the appearance of ductile fracture surfaces in the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn system. Conclusively, the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys can be considered as a new class of structural magnesium alloy and it is superior to both AZ (Mg-Al-Zn) and GZ (Mg-Gd-Zn) series of alloys.     

不同工艺条件对半固态挤压Mg2 Si/Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用等温热处理半固态挤压的方法制备Mg2Si/Al复合材料,研究等温热处理温度、保温时间和挤压比压对复合材料组织和布氏硬度的影响.结果表明:经过等温热处理后得到了基体α-Al和Mg2Si增强相双球化的半固态组织,其中,Mg2Si颗粒呈现球化,α-Al呈现规则球形或椭球形.当挤压比压恒定时,Mg2Si/Al复合材料显微组织中α-Al和Mg2Si颗粒的球化随着温度和保温时间的增加而更加明显,同时α-Al的粗化也更加明显;当等温热处理温度和保温时间恒定时,挤压比压对半固态挤压Mg2Si/Al复合材料显微组织的影响不大.硬度测试表明,当挤压比压恒定时,布氏硬度随着等温热处理温度和保温时间的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势;但当等温热处理温度和保温时间恒定时,随着挤压比压的增加,布氏硬度随之提高.     

Mg-Al基合金加铋合金化对其力学性能的改善作用

研究了合金元素Ｂｉ对Ｍｇ－９Ａｌ－０．８Ｚｎ（ＡＺ９１）基合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明Ｂｉ质量分数超过０．５％时,基体中有富Ｂｉ的第二相颗粒形成,并随着Ｂｉ加入量的增多而增加,该颗粒相具有六方Ｄ５２结构,热稳定性较高,适量Ｂｉ的加入改善了合金的铸态组织,提高了合金的室温和高温强度,改善了抗蠕变性能,而塑性有所降低。     

混合稀土对ZM5镁合金熔炼起燃温度的影响

镁合金在大气条件下熔炼和浇注极易氧化燃烧，是阻碍镁合金推广应用的重要因素。目前一般采用熔剂覆盖和气体保护法熔炼生产镁合金，或采用半固态射铸成形工艺以降低作业温度，但都存在看不少缺点。通过合金化的方法来达到镁合金阻燃的目的将是发展方向。针对ZM5镁合金，研究了混合稀土及其加入量对起燃温度的影响，并与纯稀土的阻燃效果进行了比较。结果表明，添加0.12％混合稀土能大大提高镁合金的起燃温度，有望成为一种能推广应用的阻燃镁合金。     

Ga对β基Co-Ni-Al铁磁性形状记忆合金马氏体和磁性转变的影响

借助光学金相、示差热分析、振动样品磁强计和x-射线能谱分析等分析方法，研究Ga含量对Co41Ni32-Al27-xGax合金马氏体相变和Curie点的影响。研究结果表明：合金马氏体相变温度与Ga含量成正比，在1573和1623K淬火时，X增加1，马氏体相变温度提高25K，但Ga含量对Curie点影响不大；在1573K淬火时，具有高有序度的马氏体相比B2结构相的Curie点高32K，说明结构有序度对Curie点影响较大；淬火温度升高会显著提高合金的马氏体相变温度和Curie点，当淬火温度从1573K升高到1623K时，马氏体相变温度升高43～69K，Curie点平均升高41K；随着Ga含量的增加，合金的熔点降低，在1623K淬火时Co41Ni32Al18Ga9合金发生部分熔化。     

Fe-Al微叠层复合材料的制备及界面表征

将多层纯铁和纯铝薄板交替叠放,采用“热轧复合—冷轧减薄—合金化热处理”工艺流程制备了Fe-Al金属/金属间化合物微叠层复合材料(Fe-Al MIL),研究了合金化温度对该复合材料微观组织、相组成、相变及力学性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的Fe-Al微叠复合材料Fe/Al界面结合状态良好;随合金化温度的升高,化合物层厚度随之增加,当温度低于Fe-Al固-半固态反应温度655℃时,Fe₂Al₅和FeAl是化合物层的主要物相,而高于655℃时,则会在化合物层和Fe金属界面处出现少量交替分布的FeAl₃和Fe₃Al;DSC曲线上呈现出~559,~571和~667℃三个放热峰,分别代表FeAl₃,Fe₂Al₅和FeAl的相转变;固-固和固-液合金化后得到的Fe-Al MIL力学性能较差,均易发生分层断裂现象,而固-半固态合金化热处理后其力学性能最佳.     

Microstructure and tensile behavior of hot extruded AZ91 alloys at room temperature

AZ91 alloys were prepared by hot extrusion and its microstructure and tensile behavior at room temperature were investigated. Compared to as-cast ingot, the grain size of hot-extruded material is morerefined, the intermetallic phase Mg₁₇Al₁₂ is broken and dispersed discontinuously. Both strength and elongation of AZ91 are improved by hotextrusion. Tensile behavior and fracture surface of the experimental material were studied. Due to the change in microstructure, the fracture mechanism of extruded material is different from that of as-cast ingot, the latter is mainly a brittle fracture. Ductile fracture plays arole in hot-extruded AZ91 failure at room temperature.     

Effect of Sr addition on the grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloys

The grain refinement mechanisms of Sr in the AZ31 magnesium alloys were studied by both phase diagram calculation and experimental analysis.The influence of Sr content on the solute distribution coefficients of Al and Zn during solidification was investigated in order to find out whether Sr addition can enhance the grain refinement efficiency brought by Al and Zn.The results showed that Sr addition can promote the segregation in liquid phases for both Al and Zn during solidification,therefore enhance the grain refinement effects by Al and Zn in AZ31 magnesium alloys.And the effect of Sr addition on the solute distribution coefficients for Al is larger than that of Zn.Sr addition can improve the GRF values by itself and also improve the GRF values of Al and Zn to the AZ31 magnesium alloys,and the grains are refined consequently.     

Effects of icosahedral phase formation on the microstructure and mechanical improvement of Mg alloys: A review

Icosahedral phase (I-phase) is a relatively excellent strengthening phase in Mg alloys. Depending on their volume fraction, the yield strength of Mg–Zn–Y–Zr alloys can vary from 150 to 450 MPa at room temperature. Recently, the formation of I-phase has been considered as one of the most effective methods for developing high strength lightweight Mg alloys for automotive and aerospace applications. In this review article, a series of research work about I-phase containing Mg alloys have been systematically investigated including I-phase formation mechanism and their effects on mechanical properties of Mg alloys. Particular emphases have been given to: (1) Structure of I-phase and its orientation relationship with the a-Mg matrix. (2) Influence of alloying elements and solidification conditions on I-phase formation. (3) Effects of I-phase on microstructural evolution and mechanical improvement of Mg–Zn–Y–(Zr) alloys. Moreover, the applications of I-phase for the mechanical improvement of other Mg alloys such as AZ91 and super-lightweight Mg–Li alloys are also reviewed.