ZK60镁合金铸态显微组织分析

作为高强度变形镁合金研究的基础工作,较系统研究了ZK60镁合金的铸态组织.光学显微分析表明,铸态组织中存在很明显的枝晶;有相当数量的共晶组织沿晶界或枝晶边界断续分布.差热分析(DSC)表明,在加热和冷却速度分别为15 K/min和10 K/min时共晶组织的熔化温度为345℃,凝固析出温度为328.7℃.x-衍射分析初步确定,在铸态ZK60镁合金中主要有α-Mg,MgZn,MgZn23种合金相.透射电子显微分析发现,共晶组织类型、组成和分布具有多样性,选区电子衍射花样标定共晶组织主要由α-Mg和MgZn两相构成.     

稀土钇强化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金的组织特征

在熔炼过程中以铝钇中间合金形式加入Y元素,研究0～0.30%范围内不同Y加入量对铝合金铸态和均匀化处理后凝固组织的影响.金相显微和扫描电镜检测结果显示:当Y的加入量在0.25%时,铸态组织中晶粒细化效果明显,晶粒度由基体的60～70μm下降到40～50μm,二次枝晶间距减小,晶界处的主要平衡相是T(AlZnMgCu)相和含Y相.经过450℃,12h的均匀化处理后,晶界不再粗大、连续,析出物呈点链状或长条状.对于0.25%Y-7055合金,晶界中析出相不再明显,晶界、晶内可见2～3μm的含Y相Al3Y和Al2Y,加Y后的合金组织材料性能得到改善.     

Al-Cu-Mn合金铸锭均匀化工艺及组织性能分析

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析、电导率等检测手段,对铸态和均匀化态的2219合金微观组织、第二相分布及电导率进行研究分析。结果表明,2219合金铸态组织存在着枝晶偏析,在晶界上聚集大量的Al₂Cu相,并有长条状的脆性相Al₇Cu₂（Fe、Mn）穿插在晶界上。经525 ℃均匀化处理22 h后,晶界上Al₂Cu相回溶到基体中,枝晶网络被破坏,枝晶偏析消除,Cu元素从晶界到晶内的分布趋于平稳;处于亚稳态的溶质原子从过饱和固溶体中析出,在晶内呈细小、弥散地分布,基体溶质原子固溶度降低,电子散射作用减弱,电导率提高10 %IACS。     

锌白铜合金材料的金相组织分析

该文对铸态和热挤压态锌白铜的金相组织进行分析,结果表明:铸态锌白铜合金材料的显徽组织由α相和β相组成,存在明显的枝晶.热挤压态锌白铜材料的显微组织中的α相呈长条状,并具有一定的方向性,这与热挤压过程中外力的作用有关.     

均匀化处理对7A52铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度、电导率测量、金相和高温原位X射线衍射分析技术研究不同均匀化处理条件下7A52铝合金组织与性能的变化规律，着重讨论不同均匀化处理条件下合金的物相组成及其演变、基体固溶体固溶度的变化与合金硬度和电导率的关系。研究结果表明：铸态合金由α-Al过饱和固溶体及少量平衡相MgZn2组成；在均匀化处理过程中，铸态合金显微组织结构发生了2个方面的变化：一方面，在300℃以下均匀化，过饱和固溶体分解，析出MgZn2平衡相；在400℃以上均匀化，上述平衡相又逐步回溶到基体固溶体中；另一方面，在400℃以上均匀化，铸态合金枝晶组织和枝晶间粗大的平衡相随均匀化温度的升高而逐步消失，与此同时，铸态合金的硬度先降低然后升高，电导率则先升高然后降低。这种性能的变化与铸态合金的组织结构变化一一对应。7A52合金铸锭适宜的均匀化处理工艺为470℃／24h。     

均匀化退火对AZ31B镁合金组织与性能的影响

AZ31B镁合金铸态组织晶界处存在粗大的"骨骼"状Mg17Al12相以及凝固过程中产生的成分偏析,严重影响了铸锭的成形性能.为改善其成形性能,对铸态试样进行了均匀化退火试验,其保温温度为380,400,420 ℃以及保温时间为6,15,24 h.均匀化退火后Mg17Al12相呈细小的颗粒状分布在α-Mg基体上,枝晶偏析大部分得到消除,镁合金的塑性得到改善.根据均匀化退火后的组织与性能变化确定了最佳的退火工艺为400 ℃×15 h.     

Ni-Al-B高温形状记忆合金的显微组织和相组成

用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X—射线衍射仪及能谱仪研究了 Ni— Al—B系高温形状记忆合金的显微组织和相组成 ,结果表明 :合金的铸态室温组织由β相 ,L1 0 马氏体 ,γ′相及γ相组成 .β相呈枝晶形态 ;L1 0 马氏体呈片状 ;γ′相在枝晶间呈不规则形状 ,而在 β相内呈麦穗状 ;γ相与枝晶间 γ′相呈离异共晶组织     

Mg-5Zn-2Al-0.6Nd合金的部分重熔组织演变

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察了Mg-5Zn-2Al-0.6Nd镁合金的铸态组织,分析了部分重熔温度对半固态非枝晶组织的影响.结果表明:Mg-5Zn-2Al合金中加入质量分数0.6%Nd后,铸态组织中出现呈针状或短棒状的稀土相.保温30min,部分重熔温度从585℃提高到610℃时,初生α-Mg相平均颗粒直径减小并且球化趋势更加明显.Mg-5Zn-2Al合金的部分重熔组织扩展经历了初始粗化,组织分离、球化和最后的粗化过程,加入0.6%Nd以后,部分重熔组织演变出现液化滞后现象,最后的粗化过程受到抑制.     

原位颗粒含量对半固态7075铝合金组织的影响

制备具有不同原位TiC颗粒含量的喷射沉积7075铝合金,在610℃和620℃进行二次加热并保温30min,淬火固定半固态组织.采用扫描电镜观察其组织,利用平均截线法统计其晶粒尺寸,分析不同颗粒含量对喷射沉积7075铝合金半固态组织的影响规律.结果表明:当TiC颗粒含量达到2.91%(体积分数)时已经产生良好的钉扎效果,使得合金基本保持喷射沉积组织特征,能够满足后续的半固态成形工艺要求;TiC颗粒含量超过2.91%后,晶粒尺寸会进一步减小,但晶界上的颗粒明显增多并呈网状分布;TiC颗粒含量小于2.91%时,局部区域发生晶粒的异常长大现象,使合金组织的均匀化程度下降.     

EPSC-VL法铸造A356合金拉伸性能及断口分析

借助光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段研究了真空低压消失模壳型铸造(EPSC-VL) A356铸态和T6态铝合金的微观组织特征和拉伸性能,并对拉伸断口进行了分析.试验结果表明:真空低压消失模壳型铸造A356铝合金组织主要由α A1初生相、共晶硅和Mg2Si相组成,T6热处理后共晶硅边角更加圆润,均匀分布于晶界,热处理后共晶硅长宽比减小.T6热处理后真空低压消失模壳型铸造A356铝合金抗拉强度、延伸率、布氏硬度均明显提高.真空低压消失模壳型铸造A356铝合金经T6热处理后,其二次枝晶臂间距和共晶硅尺寸较小,致使胞界不连续,硅粒子的开裂优先出现在晶界处,最终呈现出晶间断裂的模式,其拉伸断口呈现明显的韧窝形貌.     

Mechanical properties and constitutive behaviors of as-cast 7050 aluminum alloy from room temperature to above the solidus temperature

The mechanical properties and constitutive behaviors of as-cast AA7050 in both the solid and semi-solid states were determined using the on-cooling and in situ solidification approaches, respectively. The results show that the strength in the solid state tends to increase with decreasing temperature. The strain rate plays an important role in the stress–strain behaviors at higher temperatures, whereas the influence becomes less pronounced and irregular when the temperature is less than 250°C. The experimental data were fitted to the extended Ludwik equation, which is suitable to describe the mechanical behavior of the materials in the as-cast state. In the semi-solid state, both the strength and ductility of the alloy are high near the solidus temperature and decrease drastically with decreasing solid fraction. As the solid fraction is less than 0.97, the maximum strength only slightly decreases, whereas the post-peak ductility begins to increase. The experimental data were fitted to the modified creep law, which is used to describe the mechanical behavior of semi-solid materials, to determine the equivalent parameter f_GBWL, i.e., the fraction of grain boundaries covered by liquid phase.     

Microstructure evolution and thixoforming behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy in the semi-solid state prepared by RAP method

The effects of isothermal treatments on the microstructural evolution and coarsening rate of semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy produced via the recrystallization and partial remelting (RAP) process were investigated. Samples of 7075 aluminum alloy were subjected to cold extrusion, and semi-solid treatment was carried out for 5–30 min at temperatures ranging from 580 to 605°C. A backward-extrusion experiment was conducted to investigate liquid segregation during the thixoforming process. The results revealed that obvious grain coarsening and spheroidization occurred during prolonged isothermal treatments. In addition, higher soaking temperatures promoted the spheroidization and coarsening process because of the increased liquid fraction and the melting of second phases. Segregation of the liquid phase caused by the difference in fluidity between the liquid and the solid phases was observed in different regions of the thixoformed specimens.     

Grain boundary characteristics and tensile properties of Ti14 alloy after semi-solid deformation

The microstructure and room-temperature tensile properties of Ti14, a new α+Ti₂Cu alloy, were investigated after conventional forging at 950℃ and semi-solid forging at 1000 and 1050℃, respectively. Results show that coarse grains and grain boundaries are obtained in the semi-solid alloys. The coarse grain boundaries are attributed to Ti₂Cu phase precipitations occurred on the grain boundaries during the solidification. It is found that more Ti₂Cu phase precipitates on the grain boundaries at a higher semi-solid forging temperature, which forms precipitated zones and coarsens the grain boundaries. Tensile tests exhibit high strength and low ductility for the semi-solid forged alloys, especially after forging at 1000℃. Fracture analysis reveals the evidence of ductile failure mechanisms for the conventional forged alloy and cleavage fracture mechanisms for the alloy after semi-solid forging at 1050℃.     

电磁搅拌工艺参数对半固态AZ91D 镁合金组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌工艺参数对半固态AZ91D合金组织的影响规律。结果表明：电磁搅拌条件下半固态AZ91D合金组织的固相颗粒为蔷薇状或粒状α—Mg，随电磁搅拌功率的增大，蔷薇状形态逐渐消失，固相颗粒形态趋于粒状和圆整；在实验范围内，随电磁搅拌电源频率的增大，半固态AZ91D合金组织中固相颗粒形态越来越圆整。这主要是由于电磁搅拌条件下半固态AZ91D合金组织的形成机理是以枝晶臂熔断为主，而在高频率下的电磁搅拌过程中，在搅拌室产生的集肤效应使得表面和中心出现宏观温度差，从而加强了固相颗粒随流场运动时的温度起伏，最终加速了枝晶的熔断。     

Microstructure and grain orientation evolution of a specially shaped shroud during directional solidification process

The microstructure and the grain orientations of one shroud prepared by directional solidification process have been investigated using metallographic method and electronic backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results indicate that the solidification process of the tested shroud is composed of three steps: dendritic branching, the break-up and drift of the dendrite arms and the solidification of the residual liquid. Misoriented grains were formed between the primarily solidified dendrite stems during the process of recalescence which was caused by the accumulation of the solidification latent heat. A low angle grain boundary of 61 was produced across the impinging dendrite fronts.     

Dendrite growth and micromechanical properties of rapidly solidified ternary Ni-Fe-Ti alloy

The rapid solidification of undercooled liquid Ni_(45)Fe_(40)Ti_(15)alloy was realized by glass fluxing technique.The microstructure of this alloy consists of primaryγ-(Fe,Ni)phase and a small amount of interdendritic pseudobinary eutectic.The primaryγ-(Fe,Ni)phase transferred from coarse dendrite to fragmented dendrite and the lamellar eutectic became fractured with the increase of undercooling.The growth velocity ofγ-(Fe,Ni)dendrite increased following a power relation with the rise of undercooling.The addition of solute Ti suppressed the rapid growth ofγ-(Fe,Ni)dendrite,as compared with the calculation results of Fe-Ni alloy based on LKT model.The microhardness values of the alloy and the primaryγ-(Fe,Ni)phase increased by 1.5 times owing to the microstructural refinement caused by the rapid dendrite growth.The difference was enlarged as undercooling increases,resulting from the enhanced hardening effects on the alloy from the increased grain boundaries and the second phase.     

钛和钒对高锰钢高温热延性的影响

运用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机对700～1200℃温度范围内高锰钢Mn13单独加入钛(质量分数0.10％)、复合添加钛(质量分数0.11％)和钒(质量分数0.20％)后的高温热延性进行测试.采用扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析仪对不同温度下拉伸断裂后试样的断口形貌以及断口处的析出粒子进行了分析.温度-断面收缩率曲线表明在高锰钢中加入0.10％钛后,其断面收缩率出现了一定程度的下降,这表明钛的加入恶化了高锰钢的热延性;在此基础上加入0.20％钒,高锰钢的热延性出现了进一步的下降,即钛和钒的复合加入严重恶化了高锰钢的热延性.利用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件对单独含钛以及复合含钛钒的高锰钢在700～1600℃存在的平衡析出相进行了计算,计算结果表明Ti(C,N)的平衡析出温度均约为1499℃,远大于其液相线温度,这说明Ti(C,N)在高锰钢的液相中就可以开始析出.扫描电镜-能谱分析结果表明在奥氏体晶界以及三叉晶界处存在大量的Ti(C,N)和(Ti,V)C粒子,这些粒子的出现抑制了动态再结晶的发生,并且加速了晶界附近裂纹的扩展.     

低温固相反应法制备NiFe_2O_4纳米粉及机理研究

采用机械研磨方法制备前驱体,再将前驱体进行煅烧得到NiFe2O4纳米粉.重点研究了煅烧温度对粉体物相和形貌的影响以及固相反应过程与机理.结果表明:煅烧过程中晶粒长大活化能为12.08 k J·mol-1,主要以界面扩散为主;煅烧温度为700℃时粉体团聚严重,颗粒之间存在片状非晶态化合物,结晶度低;750℃煅烧1 h得到的NiFe2O4纳米粉物相单一,粒径分布在35~85 nm之间,温度过高时晶粒明显长大;机械研磨洗涤后前驱体主要由Fe2O3,NiO和NiFe2O4组成,反应产物结晶度低,反应不完全;盐颗粒的存在能抑制晶粒生长,减小产物粒径.     

纳米多晶强化K4169合金的组织和力学性能

采用手工电弧炉熔炼、水冷铜模冷却制备了K4169合金.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等对铸态及标准热处理态合金的组织进行了研究,并对标准热处理态合金的力学性能进行了测试.结果表明:铸态K4169合金为非晶-纳米晶材料,晶内析出相非常细小,小于10 nm;合金经标准热处理后,γ″相和γ′相以纳米多晶的形式析出;由于纳...