具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

关于Li-Yorke Δ-混沌与按序列分布Δ-混沌的等价性

关注~Li-Yorke~混沌和按序列分布混沌的关系, 指出全体按序列~$Q$~分布~$\delta$-攀援偶对构成的集合为乘积空间中的一个~$G_\delta$~集.证明了: (1)~Li-Yorke~$\delta$-混沌等价于按序列分布~$\delta$-混沌; (2)~一致混乱集是按某序列分布攀援集; (3)~一类传递系统蕴含了按序列分布混沌.     

相对半遗传环与半遗传环

用余平坦模和M-半遗传环刻画了半遗传环,得到:R是半遗传环,当且仅当E(R)的商是余平坦模,当且仅当R是R-半遗传环,当且仅当每个模的任意两个同构内射子模的和是余平坦模.还用余平坦模刻画了QF-环和正则环,证明了:R为QF-环,当且仅当余平坦模是投射模,当且仅当投射模是余平坦模且R是Noether环;R为正则环当且仅当R的每个循环左理想余平坦.     

西周时期的“里君”、“里居”、“里人”辨析

西周时期的里君是专称,指基层最小居民组织单位的行政首长,职掌一里行政事务。里居是里君的误写,不是专称。里人是泛称,泛指一里之中的一般民众。西周基层的里君演变为东周基层居民单位的一里行政首脑,各国里长的名称虽有不同,但职能相近。这一重要基层里吏职位被后世历代王朝所沿用。     

固定带宽下的无标度网络交通流分析

讨论了一类固定带宽下的复杂网络交通流问题,构建了一类具有连接带宽约束的复杂网络交通流模型.以交通流中的信息流为背景,在"具有可调聚类系数"的BA无标度网络中,定性地研究了不同带宽约束下的网络负载变化问题.发现在具有较大带宽的网络中,网络具有较大的负载能力;并且网络负载能力随着网络带宽约束的增加而大幅度地降低,当带宽约束增加到可允许的极限时,网络交通的负载能力已经不受网络节点处理数据包能力的影响.并从复杂网络拓扑和交通流机理角度定性地分析了带宽约束对网络交通流影响的原因.     

极大平面图中二色树子图的一个必要条件

极大平面图G=(V,E)中的一个二色树子图T=(Vt,Et),其Vt在G中导出子图为树,并且图G存在至少一个四着色C,使T是该四着色一个二色子图的一个连通支.本文证明了Vt的点次和为偶数是它成为二色树子图的必要条件.     

Horn集上的语义正单元归结

Ｌ． Ｈｅｎｓｃｈｅｎ证明了语义归结对 Ｈｏｒｎ集是完备的［１］。但是语义归结不是正单元归结。本文的主要结果是不可满足的Ｈｏｒｎ子句集合Ｓ有这样一个反驳，对于这个反驳的每一个归结来说，或者一个祖先子句是正单元，而且该正单元在 Ｉ上是假的；或者一个祖先子句是正单元，而且从另一个祖先子句和这个归结式中删去他们的正义字后剩下的子句在 Ｉ上都是假的．其中 Ｉ是 Ｓ的任何一个解释。     

有限群的p-幂零性的一个注记

推广了c-补, 并给出有限群p-幂零性的一个新判别 条件. 设G是一个有限群, H是G的一个子群. 如果存在G的一个子群K, 使得G=HK, 称K是H在G中的一个弱c-补, H在G中有一个弱c-补. 证明了： 设p是G的阶的最小素因子, P是G的一个Sylow p-子群, 若P的每个2-极大子群在G中有弱c-补, 且G与A₄无涉, 则G是p-幂零的.     

试析词语模的性能

词语模是当代社会背景下特别活跃、特别引人注目的一种创造新词语的方式。词语模是一种“模块”,具有开放性和能产性;词语模是一种“模式”,具有抽象性、类推性;词语模是一种“模具”,具有定形性、定性性;词语模是一种“模效”行为,具有仿效性、创新性。     

监测与诊断系统中传感器信号可靠性的确认

根据设备监测与诊断系统诊断对象的复杂特点,提出了一种基于发生率的方法对传感器信号可靠性进行确认.通过在线采集一定时间内的数据,在规定的假设空间内,从证据中推导证据.对传感器信号的可靠性确认通过失效和设计检测处理,在事件发生率计算基础上,给出了规定假设空间内传感器信号可靠性的确认概率分配计算方法.     

科学结论的逻辑问题——科学研究规律探讨之四

讨论了科学研究的成果——科学结论的逻辑问题,因为从特定的事例归纳到普遍的规律存在着“归纳逻辑谬误”,所以,在科学研究中特别要注意科学结论外推的局限性.介绍了波普的关于科学结论的证实和证伪的观点:科学本质上是一系列命题的集合,现实世界的综合命题本体,至少在原理上可以用经验的观察来证伪,这就是科学,科学不是以它的学科内容或声称掌握某种知识的确定性为特征,而是以建立和检验命题的方法为特征的.最后,讨论了科学结论的解释功能和预言功能.