Expression of tumour-specific antigens underlies cancer immunoediting

Cancer immunoediting is a process by which immune cells, particularly lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, protect the host from the development of cancer and alter tumour progression by driving the outgrowth of tumour cells with decreased sensitivity to immune attack. Carcinogen-induced mouse models of cancer have shown that primary tumour susceptibility is thereby enhanced in immune-compromised mice, whereas the capacity for such tumours to grow after transplantation into wild-type mice is reduced. However, many questions about the process of cancer immunoediting remain unanswered, in part because of the known antigenic complexity and heterogeneity of carcinogen-induced tumours. Here we adapted a genetically engineered, autochthonous mouse model of sarcomagenesis to investigate the process of cancer immunoediting. This system allows us to monitor the onset and growth of immunogenic and non-immunogenic tumours induced in situ that harbour identical genetic and histopathological characteristics. By comparing the development of such tumours in immune-competent mice with their development in mice with broad immunodeficiency or specific antigenic tolerance, we show that recognition of tumour-specific antigens by lymphocytes is critical for immunoediting against sarcomas. Furthermore, primary sarcomas were edited to become less immunogenic through the selective outgrowth of cells that were able to escape T lymphocyte attack. Loss of tumour antigen expression or presentation on major histocompatibility complex I was necessary and sufficient for this immunoediting process to occur. These results highlight the importance of tumour-specific-antigen expression in immune surveillance, and potentially, immunotherapy.     

Pokemon在人贲门癌中的表达及其意义(英文)

Pokemon基因是一种转录抑制因子,它在癌症发生发展过程中起重要作用.目前已发现Pokemon在人淋巴瘤、乳胶癌、肺癌、结肠癌、前列癌以及膀胱癌中高表达.但是在贲门癌中表达水平未见报道.本研究采用逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)和实时定量多聚酶链反应(real-timePCR)方法检测了56例贲门癌(EGJ)和10例正常人贲门组织标本的Pokemon基因mRNA表达水平.结果显示所有组织标本均表达Pokemon.但是肿瘤组织及其配对的远离肿瘤的瘤旁组织Pokemon基因的mRNA表达水平显著高于正常人的贲门组织(P=0.0002,P=0.0069).结果显示Pokemon基因可能对贲门癌的发生发展及致癌性转化有重要作用.     

巨噬细胞移动抑制因子在宫颈癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）在宫颈癌组织中的表达,评价其在宫颈癌发生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测42例宫颈癌组织及20例正常宫颈组织中MIF的表达。结果MIF在宫颈癌中的阳性表达率明显高于正常宫颈组织（P〈0．05）;MIF表达与宫颈癌的分化程度、临床分期及淋巴结转移密切相关（P〈0．05）,与病理类型及肿瘤直径无关联性（P〉0．05）。结论MIF可能在宫颈癌的发生及进展中起着重要的作用。     

凋亡基因Survivin在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及其相关性

目的:探讨不同分期宫颈鳞癌组织中Survivin基因表达的特征及其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组化法(S-P法)及图像分析技术检测凋亡基因Survivin在38例宫颈鳞癌的表达情况.0期9例、Ⅰ b期10例、Ⅱa期7例、Ⅱb期7例、Ⅲa期5例,将0期及Ⅰ b期合并为早期,Ⅱa期～Ⅲa期合并为晚期.结果:在早期和晚期宫颈鳞癌组织中均有凋亡基因Survivin的阳性表达,但表达强度不同,早期宫颈鳞癌组织中Survivin PU值为(20.65±4.57),而晚期宫颈鳞癌组织中Survivin PU值为(24.94±5.64),两者比较有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论:Survivin基因在宫颈鳞癌组织中异常表达与宫颈鳞癌的发生及临床分期相关.     

Expression of HLA-DR antigens at the surface of mouse L cells co-transfected with cloned human genes

The H-2 I region in the mouse and the HLA-D region in humans contain a set of polymorphic genes which encode Ia antigens and control the immune response. Cloned genes for the different polypeptide chains of one of the human Ia antigens, HLA-DR, have been used for the co-transformation of mouse L cells. Expression of HLA-DR antigens at the surface of transfected mouse cells has been documented with monoclonal antibodies.     

Structural polymorphism of human DR antigens

DR ANTIGENS are polymorphic cell surface molecules whose expression is controlled by a locus closely linked or identical to the D locus of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of man (for reviews see refs 1, 2). They are functionally and structurally homologous to the murine la antigens determined by the I-E subregion of the MHC, a region which has been implicated in the genetic control of immune responses(3,4). Both sets of antigens are mainly expressed on cells associated with immune function (for reviews see refs 1, 2, 5), and are involved in mediating T-cell, B-cell and macrophage interactions required for the generation of immune responses(6-9). In addition, both consist of two non-covalently associated polypeptides, designated alpha and beta, with molecular weights of 34,000 and 28,000, respectively(10). The association of some DR antigens with increased susceptibility to certain diseases (for review see ref. 1) and the genetic restrictions imposed on cellular interactions by the HLA-D region(9,11) may represent the effects of structural variability among DR antigens. The aim of the studies reported here was to examine the nature and degree of structural variation among DR antigens isolated from cultured lymphoid B cells with different DR phenotypes. Such information may provide an understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which DR antigens mediate their function.     

芒果多酚对宫颈癌Hela细胞的抑制作用及机制

用芒果多酚处理人宫颈癌细胞(Hela)后,采用MTT法检测细胞的存活率;Hoechst 33258荧光染色和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡、细胞周期分布,同时用Western blot检测p53,p21,c-myc,cyclin D1蛋白质水平变化.结果显示：0.025,0.05, 0.1,0.2,0.4 mg/mL的芒果多酚溶液能明显抑制Hela细胞的增殖,并呈剂量和时间依赖性;荧光染色后,大多数细胞内可以看见浓密的荧光颗粒,并出现核收缩;流式细胞术分析发现,与未处理组比较,芒果多酚作用后的G1期Hela细胞数显著增多,G2期细胞数逐渐减少;凋亡率明显高于对照组;Western blot检测显示芒果多酚上调p53,p21蛋白水平,下调c-myc,cyclin D1蛋白水平. 以上结果表明芒果多酚能明显抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡.     

云芝多糖影响人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的增殖和凋亡的研究

研究云芝多糖(CVP)对宫颈癌HeLa细胞系的增殖、凋亡及产生途径。采用MTT法测定了CVP对HeLa细胞增殖的体外抑制作用,流式细胞仪检测凋亡细胞的比例,qRT-PCR检测P53、Bcl-2和Fas基因在细胞处理前后表达量的变化。结果显示：CVP以时间和剂量依赖的方式抑制HeLa细胞的生长。作用时间在24 h,48 h和72 h时对细胞抑制的抑制率分别为92%、95%和98%;当CVP浓度达到1.25 mg/L时,作用24 h、48 h和72 h时的IC50值分别为0.2507±0.01 mg/L、0.2720±0.04 mg/L和0.2736±0.03 mg/L;当CVP浓度为0.5 mg/L时,作用24 h和48 h后细胞凋亡率分别为26.36% 和63.81%;CVP处理HeLa细胞24 h后,Bcl-2基因的表达被显著下调。研究表明：CVP促进HeLa细胞凋亡,其作用机制与Bcl-2基因的表达下调有关,推测是通过Bcl-2介导的途径促进细胞凋亡。图4表1参30     

广东地区宫颈癌组织HPV18L1基因的克隆及序列分析

目的:了解广东地区地方株HFV18L1基因结构特点,为HPV感染的检测和基因工程疫苗的研制提供实验基础.方法:采用PCR技术从广东地区宫颈癌组织中扩增HPV18L1基因,克隆人毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZaB,测序并对HPV18L1基因进行序列分析.结果:广东地区分离株与德国标准株在核苷酸序列上有4处不同,其中3处由于核苷酸的改变,其编码的氨基酸也发生相应变化,与标准株的同源性为99.8%.与中国西安地区分离株比较有两处突变点相同.结论:广东地区HPV18L1分离株与德国标准株、中国其他地区分离株之间均存在差异.