具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

正确认识鼠在传播人狂犬病中的流行病学意义

本文在穷尽式检索国内外狂犬病文献的基础上,分析了鼠在传播人狂犬病中的疫源作用,综述了国内外鼠狂犬病测毒研究,介绍了有关国家与世卫组织对鼠传狂犬病的防治建议,探讨了我国应采取的防治意见,调查了国内对鼠传狂犬病的某些夸张宣传及认识偏差,并试图究其根源,加以拨正。     

中国秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放时空分布

秸秆露天焚烧过程中释放的各种气态污染物和颗粒物,是我国大气污染的重要来源之一。本研究通过问卷调查和模型计算,确定了我国秸秆露天焚烧的活动水平,采用排放因子法建立了我国秸秆露天焚烧一次大气污染物的排放清单,并分析了其时间和空间分布特征。根据问卷调查结果,我国农村平均秸秆露天焚烧比例为18.59%,焚烧量最大的为农业发达的华东和华北地区,高峰在10月前后。2006年,我国生物质露天焚烧主要大气污染物的排放量为PM2.5217万t,BC4.9万t,OC48万t,SO26.0万t,NOx36万t,NMVOC87万t,CO731万t,CO215450万t,CH437.4万t,NH38.4万t。     

建筑外覆面系统防火性能评价

 在分析建筑外覆面系统火灾蔓延特点的基础上,重点从外覆面系统建筑材料及构件燃烧性能的评价和外覆面系统整体防火性能的评价两个方面综合比较了欧美建筑外覆面系统防火性能评价体系,根据外覆面系统建筑材料及构件的燃烧性能以及是否存在空腔结构,提出了外覆面系统防火性能分级方法及其相应的防火性能评价要求,建议在进一步发展完善我国建筑材料及构件的不燃-难燃-可燃量化评价方法的同时,尽快建立外覆面系统整体防火性能评价方法以及确保测试构件与建筑外覆面系统实际状况相一致的机制,并把外覆面系统的防火性能要求纳入到建筑整体消防安全问题中统筹考虑,在国家强制性通用消防技术规范中明确提出外覆面系统防火性能的原则性要求及具体测试标准,进一步强化建筑行业自身在确保建筑外覆面系统防火性能方面的责任。     

美国聋人高等教育支持与服务体系

以关国聋人高等教育支持服务体系为切入点,分析了美国社会如何为聋人接受高等教育提供保障及美国高等教育对聋人在校学习的支持与服务方式,旨在对我国聋人高等教育的支持服务体系有所借鉴,为构建和完善我国聋人高等教育支持服务体系提供理论和实践参考。     

论外语院校英语专业ESP课程的定位

ESP(专门用途英语)课程对于培养复合型外语人才的重要性已经是毋庸置疑的,但是在实际的外语院校英语专业课程设置中,ESP课程的定位仍有只重形式,不重内容的嫌疑。本文试图通过分析ESP与EGP(通用英语)的区别与联系,以及英语专业ESP与大学英语ESP的区别与联系,找到更明确合理的外语院校英语专业ESP课程的定位,并且探讨目前英语专业ESP课程低效的原因,从而找到相应解决途径。     

从图书馆的天职看图书馆精神

阐述了图书馆天职及图书馆精神的内涵,指出图书馆的天职是传承文明,图书馆精神应该是对历史负责、对现实负责、对未来负责、对社会负责、对人类负责。     

动物细胞培养工程的现状与展望

对近年来在以下四个研究领域所取得的进展作了较为详细的评述：１．动物细胞基因工程技术和杂交瘤技术；２．新型细胞培养反应器及其监测调控技术；３．无血清培养技术；４．新型微载体研制技术及微囊化技术。并在此基础上探讨了动物细胞培养工程尚存在的问题以及未来的发展方向。     

企业转型过程中高校图书馆信息服务模式探究

在企业转型的大背景下，给企业提供信息服务是高校图书馆服务拓展的必由之路，对提升图书馆知名度及塑造图书馆良好形象有着积极和深远的意义。阐述了转型期企业信息服务的特点，分析了图书馆开展企业信息服务的条件，讨论了转型期企业信息服务的主要内容，提出了开展企业信息服务的对策。     

坝基防渗治理的多目标模糊决策方法

提出了污水库坝基防渗治理方案的模糊决策方法.从多目标系统模糊决策基本理论出发,根据酸性污水库坝防渗加固工程的要求,选择治理可靠性、安全性、工程投资、施工工期、施工难易程度以及对环境的影响等6个指标,建立了防渗加固方案优选的评价体系.根据工程评价特点,采用变异系数法和专家调查法相结合的方法确定评价指标的权重,构造出酸性污水库坝防渗加固方案优选的决策与评价模型.利用该模型对矿山酸性污水库坝的防渗加固方案进行多目标优选决策.所得结果与实际建设一致,表明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

从“媒介为先＂原则看“文学场＂的裂变

20世纪以来的文学发展史已让人们清楚地看到,文学与媒介之间存在着一种极为复杂的多重互动关系。对于作家来说,媒介绝不只是丈学创作的工具和手段;对于作品及传播来说,媒介也不只是作品贮存的载体与流布的通道;对于读者来说,媒介也不仅仅是认识理解文学的门径与渠道。在一定意义上说,媒介作为文学跨时空传播的物质载体,它既是文学生存发展的重要历史条件,也是文学实现社会价值的主要依托,而且还是艺术理念与审美精神的寄身寓所。媒介在与文学长期相互依存的互动过程中,已日渐由丈学的形式因素转化为它的内容与本质因素。