具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

浅谈几种真空热处理技术

真空热处理技术是传统的热处理技术和现代化的真空技术、电子计算机技术、自动化技术相结合而成的一种高效、优质、节能的先进热处理技术,具有无脱碳、无氧化、可保持零件表面光亮、可使零件脱脂、脱气、变形小、节能且易于控制等优点,已在国内外广泛运用。简单阐述了真空油淬技术、对流加热技术、真空渗碳技术、真空渗氮技术、真空加压气淬等真空热处理技术,以说明该技术的发展情况及发展趋势。     

浅谈面向对象技术、Agent技术和网格技术

目前，面向对象技术、Agent技术和网格技术是三种重要的计算机技术。文章主要阐述了三种技术的基本概念、技术特点与软件设计方法和三种技术间的区别及联系。     

信息化录井技术组成探索

基于信息技术的现代录井技术是一项集合了传感器技术、计算机技术和通信技术的现代综合信息技术。围绕现代信息技术的3个主要技术要素(传感器技术、计算机技术和通信技术)分析了实现现代信息化录井的理论方法。     

科技中介与技术供需方动态关系影响研究——基于三方演化博弈视角

当前,科技中介作为技术市场中的关键主体,应有的市场功能作用未能充分发挥。本文从中微观层面研究科技中介如何解决技术市场普遍存在的道德风险、机会主义等问题,运用演化博弈理论构建技术提供方、技术需求方和科技中介三方博弈模型,引入信任、信息共享要素变量分析科技中介对技术供需方的动态关系影响,厘清其影响机理。研究发现,科技中介积极的信息甄别行为会降低技术供需双方之间技术势差引起的信息非对称影响,有利于提升技术供需方的信任水平,提高信息共享的质量,并从创新激励模式、完善信息甄别体系建设、提升专业技术能力3个方面给出科技中介的管理实践启示。     

双孢菇保鲜与加工技术

双孢菇兼具营养与保健功能,是我国出口创汇的重要食用菌品种。阐述了目前常用的双孢菇低温、气调、辐射等保鲜技术和盐渍、酸渍、干制以及下脚料加工技术。     

论发展我国高新技术产业的技术供给

目前我国技术供给的主要途径是依靠软技术引进,并向高新技术产业方向发展.外资企业是我国技术引进的主体.跨国公司是我国技术供给的主体.我国国内技术供给能力在不断增强,但是还存在R＆D投入不足、国内专利授权量较低、技术引进与消化吸收比例严重失调、科技成果转化率低等问题.我国要有效地提高高新技术产业的技术供给,必须加强软技术引进,同时要注重消化、吸收和自主创新.     

轧辊虚拟制造技术研究

鉴于虚拟制造技术是近些年出现的先进制造技术之一,且它以建模技术、仿真技术、虚拟现实技术为支持,在产品设计或制造系统的物理实现之前,就能使人体会或感受到未来产品的性能或者制造系统的状态,从而可以做出前瞻性的决策与优化实施方案,介绍了轧辊虚拟制造技术的特点;阐述了轧辊虚拟制造技术的分类及定义;讨论了轧辊虚拟制造的关键技术。     

洞庭湖区生态农业发展的技术支撑研究

当下,洞庭湖区生态农业面临着一系列技术挑战。洞庭湖区生态农业技术支撑体系可以从生态农业环境改良技术体系、生态农产品标准化技术体系、电子信息技术体系、循环技术体系四方面构建。其发展思路应从加大对湖区技术项目研发及资金投入、加强对农业技术人才的培养、完善农业科技服务推广体系、创新农业科技管理体制、建立生态农业技术采用的激励机制等方面思考。     

新形势下跨国公司技术转让特点及其启示

技术转让是指技术供应方通过某种方式把某项技术以及与该技术有关的权利转让给技术受让方的行为。它不同于技术引进、技术扩散、技术转移等概念。当技术转让发生于不同国家之间,即为国际技术转让。在当前新形势下,跨国公司技术转让特别强调以全球领先技术为基础创造技术转让条件、以全球研发网络为基础展开技术转让活动、以内部化为基础实施技术转让战略、以生命周期为基础选择技术转让时机、以扩张国际生产为基础彰显技术转让效果等。基于此,我国企业特别是中小企业应该紧紧抓住跨国公司国际生产网络进一步扩大的趋势,积极融入其中,寻求新的发展路径。     

中国养老科技的发展

 从技术角度,以Incopat专利数据库为数据源,利用S曲线法确定技术生命周期,并利用AToT构建主题动态演化模型,研究中国养老科技领域的发展现状;从市场角度,采用文本挖掘对知乎数据进行热点话题识别,确定养老科技领域的发展趋势;从技术-市场角度相结合,分析其发展中存在的问题,并提出对策建议。中国养老科技领域正处于技术发展的成长期;技术研发主要集中在移动设备类、行动辅助类、居家类和护理类;从技术-市场视角下,发现居家类技术研发投入相对较少,但用户关注度较高,未来企业应该特别关注居家类技术,在此技术领域进行技术布局。