一种新型射频识别读写器天线的仿真与设计

提出了一种由两组正交放置的双L天线构成的新型圆极化射频识别读写器天线,有效地克服了平面倒F天线缝隙加载等技术带来的两个谐振点频率相差大、带宽较窄的缺点.利用时域有限差分法对天线仿真和优化,天线的两个频段的中心工作频率分别位于我国分配给RFID技术使用的两个超高频频段内.在ISO/IEC推荐RFID使用频段内的反射损失小于-10dB,天线的相对带宽达到17%以上.优化3dB电桥馈电网络设计,在工作频段内为天线提供等功率、相位差为90°的激励信号,天线具有圆极化特性.仿真和测试结果表明:优化天线设计很好地缓解了天线带宽增加和天线效率下降的矛盾,在我国为RFID分配的频段内具有高的天线效率,并能够工作在ISO/IEC推荐使用的频段内,达到实用化要求.     

财政分权、金融分权与公共基础设施

本文基于财政-金融交织的视角,通过梳理财政分权对公共基础设施的影响机理,发现金融分权通过作用于政府财力对公共基础设施产生影响,因此综合考虑财政分权和金融分权对公共基础设施的影响.通过构建包含二级政府的内生增长模型,得到均衡路径下财政分权、金融分权和地方公共基础设施之间的关系,数值模拟的结果表明,财政分权、金融分权与地方公共基础设施呈倒U型关系.使用2006-2016年中国31个省市相关数据进行空间面板检验,检验结果表明本地区的公共基础设施建设对相邻地区的公共基础设施产生正向的空间溢出效应;财政分权和金融分权不仅对当地的公共基础设施产生倒U型影响,也对相邻地区的基础设施建设产生间接影响;财政分权对公共基础设施的倒U型影响较金融分权更为显著.     

SERVICE ATTRIBUTE-PROCESS MATRIX： A TOOL FOR DESIGNING AND MANAGING SERVICES

The growing importance of the service economy during the last 40 years has raised the need for new tools for designing and managing services. As a result, several authors have developed service classification systems, in order to better understand the nature of service operations and provide methods and tools to improve service efficiency and quality. This paper exploits the work resulting from service classification systems and identifies the principal attributes to be considered in service management. The tool introduced for this purpose is the Service Attribute-Process Matrix （SAPM）, which uses selected results from existing service classification schemes to investigate the importance of the significant service attributes to major processes of the service life cycle.     

业务流程仿真、执行、监控一体化系统构建

传统上,业务流程仿真、执行和监控处于割裂的状态,采用以流程为中心的面向服务体系结构,这些活动可以在统一的软件环境中实现一体化。分析了以流程为中心的面向服务体系结构的组成,并通过一个案例说明了在该体系结构下,如何实现业务流程仿真、执行和监控一体化。     

基于SAW RFID系统的标签距离估计

射频识别技术(radio frequency identification,RFID)在室内定位领域得到广泛的关注及应用。距离估计是实现RFID室内定位的重要基础。将基于多频相位差和中国余数定理的融合方法应用于声表面波(surface acoustic wave,SAW) RFID技术,实现了标签的无模糊距离估计。分析了该方法在SAW RFID系统中实现距离估计所面临的主要误差来源及相应的修正方法。通过仿真实验,得到该方法在理论上要实现高稳定性及高精度的距离估计,则SAW RFID阅读器系统的模糊相位测量误差应不超过3°的系统指标要求。最后,通过实验验证了该方法在SAW RFID系统中的可实现性,结果表明所研制的系统当前能达到的距离估计均方根误差为16.7 cm。     

分布式测控系统的服务元网络体系结构

针对传统分层网络体系结构所存在的弊端进行了分析，在此基础上介绍了新一代网络体系结构方面的研究现状。结合分布式测控系统的体系结构随网络体系结构变化的特点，提出了结合服务元网络体系结构的分布式测控系统体系结构。对其中的服务功能元素和服务元模型进行了描述，并给出了基于服务元的分布式测控系统微通信元系统构架。分布式测控系统的服务元网络体系结构具有高效、简洁、可扩展和容易实现的特点。     

SERVICE VALUE NETWORKS： VALUE, PERFORMANCE AND STRATEGY FOR THE SERVICES INDUSTRY

1. Introduction The services industry provides services notgoods (Hughes and Mitchell et al., 1993). Thisindustry is moving towards globalization(Kathawala and Abdou, 2003). In 1870 theservice sector employed slightly more than 20%of the U.S.…     

元模型理论及其在企业体系结构开发设计中的应用

针对传统以产品为中心体系结构开发设计方法在体系结构建模过程中重产品而轻数据的弱点,分析研究了元模型理论以及基于元建模的体系结构开发设计方法中以数据为中心的实现方法.对两种体系结构开发设计方法论进行了比较,展现了元建模方法在开发流程与数据管理等方面的良好特性.结合工具软件MAP^TM,给出了体系结构开发设计中元建模扩展机制 的一种应用模式.     

基于信任和推荐关系的可信服务发现

随着基于开放Web的服务网络中服务数量的急剧增长, 快速、准确地发现可信服务是面向服务计算的一个关键问题. 针对开放网络环境下可信服务发现工作量大、效率低等问题, 基于模拟现实世界的网络小世界特性, 设计了基于信任和推荐关系的可信服务发现方法. 首先, 提出一种开放的具有信任和推荐关系的服务网络模型, 给出该模型的形式化定义和两种关系的计算策略; 接着, 在具有信任和推荐关系的服务网络模型之上, 给出一种动态的可信服务发现算法, 该算法能有效减少服务的搜索路径, 在较短的时间搜索到可信服务; 最后, 仿真实验表明, 该方法能快速返回可信服务, 具有较高的效率和满意度.     

C4ISR系统体系结构设计及辅助工具

通过深入分析美军C^4ISR体系结构的相关研究成果，详细研究体系结构设计过程中的主要工作，针对现有C^4ISR系统体系结构辅助设计工具的不足，提出建立C^4ISR系统体系结构集成设计环境。阐明了该集成设计环境应具备的主要功能，并设计了它的逻辑结构。     

单片机程序的限时服务策略及设计

针对单片机软件中由于任务超时导致的运行紊乱情况,提出了一种借助硬件的定时中断机制,只需只量资源就可实现的限时服务处理方法,并针对顺序操作和任务操作两种情况进行详细说明。能够防止和解决程序中出现因条件不满足而无法退出功能模块,出现独占MCU时间,以及多任务机制下的任务重叠,使资源间相互干扰而出现死循环状态或运行状态错误等问题,从而提高系统的冗余度和可靠性。     

分销网络RFID使能的CONWIP策略的仿真与优化

为了改善供应链分销网络的性能,本文将射频识别(RFID)技术应用到供应链管理中.依据单工厂多阶段生产过程中定量在制品法(CONWIP)控制策略的原理,设计了RFID使能的电子流通卡系统,实现了供应链分销网络RFID使能的CONWIP控制策略,并采用基于仿真的自适应全局最优和声搜索算法(SGHS)对策略中的参数进行优化,优化结果证明了SGHS方法的可行性,并通过与其它控制策略的仿真结果对比,验证了RFID使能的CONWIP控制策略在供应链分销网络中应用的有效性及优越性.     

中国城市住房保障覆盖范围的算法设计与应用

本文借鉴工程学和统计学领域构造双变量联合分布函数的方法,首先利用家庭收入和人均住房面积的分组数据分别对中国城镇家庭收入和人均住房面积的分布函数进行估计,然后利用Pearson相关系数法构造了家庭收入和人均住房面积的二维联合分布函数,并依此讨论了我国保障性住房体系中准入标准和保障范围之间的关系,对比分析了保障性住房供需端的匹配情况. 整体来看,地方现行的保障房申请条件能够覆盖12%～32%的城市家庭,且各城市间存在较大差异; 将这一保障范围与国家十二五期间3600万套保障房建设任务的分配进行对照,可以计算出7大地区中代表性城市的保障性住房的供需比在0.6～1.9之间变动,存在较为显著的供需不匹配现象. 本文在最后还提出了保障范围无差异曲线的分析工具.本文的测算方法和分析工具可以为相关政策进一步细化提供决策支持.     

基于改进PSO的保障性社区公共服务设施配置空间优化研究

近年来,房地产价格持续快速上涨,居民住房问题日益突出,为了缓解中低收入居民住房问题,政府兴建了大批保障性社区.而当前保障性社区公共服务设施普遍存在配置不完善,供给滞后,低效与供给过剩同时存在的问题,导致人口入住过程缓慢,入住率低.这不仅影响到居民的生活质量,同时也影响到保障效果的实现及和谐社会的构建.文章以上海市保障性社区为研究对象,在多目标约束条件下,构建了可以清晰表达保障性社区公共服务设施配置空间的多目标微粒群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)优化模型,并基于所构建模型,实证分析保障性社区公共服务设施配置优化模拟,在此基础上求出了公共服务设施最优配置方案,这对于提高保障性社区公共服务设施配置的科学性和合理性,完善社区公共服务设施的配置理论,具有较大的理论意义和实践意义.     

Manufacturing and services: From mass production to mass customization

Manufacturing and services constitute two of the five sectors of every country’s economy;depending on the maturity of the economy,they are-in terms of employment-typically the two largest sectors.The outputs or products of an economy can also be divided into goods products(due to manufacturing,construction,agriculture and mining) and services products.To date,the goods and services products have,for the most part,been mass produced;it is the premise of this paper that recent technological advances-including flexible manufacturing,cloud computing,nanotechnology and smart sensing-can better enable the transformation from mass production to mass customization.We regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real time management of supply and demand chains,based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management foci.From a components perspective,we first consider the value chain of supplier,manufacturer,assembler,retailer,and customer,and then develop a consistent set of definitions for supply and demand chains based on the location of the customer order penetration point.From a management perspective,we classify the methods that are employed in the management of these chains,based on whether supply and/or demand are flexible or fixed.Interestingly,our management taxonomy highlights a very critical research area at which both supply and demand are flexible,thus manageable.Simultaneous management of supply and demand chains sets the stage for mass customization which is concerned with meeting the needs of an individualized customer market.Simultaneous and real time management of supply and demand chains set the stage for real time mass customization(e.g.,wherein a tailor first laser scans an individual’s upper torso and then delivers a uniquely fitted jacket within a reasonable period,while the individual is waiting).The benefits of real time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced-as "servgoods"-in real time,resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage.     

The next industrial revolution: Integrated services and goods

The outputs or products of an economy can be divided into services products and goods products (due to manufacturing,construction,agriculture and mining).To date,the services and goods products have,for the most part,been separately mass produced.However,in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods,the next - or third - industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it is beginning in this second decade of the 21st Century.The Third Industrial Revolution(TIR) is based on the confluence of three major technological enablers(i.e.,big data analytics,adaptive services and digital manufacturing);they underpin the integration or mass customization of services and/or goods.As detailed in an earlier paper,we regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real-time management of supply and demand chains,based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management foci.The benefits of real-time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced - as servgoods - in real-time,resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage to the industrialized countries where the consuming customers are at the same time the co-producing producers.     

环境规制政策与公共健康——基于环境污染的中介效应检验

为了探究环境规制政策对于环境污染及公共健康的影响,本文基于我国1978至2013年颁布的976条环境规制政策,利用从政策属性力度、政策内容力度两个维度对我国环境规制政策进行量化的数据,构建了针对环境规制政策效果的计量模型,通过将中介效应检验方法引入环境健康经济学分析,检验了环境污染对环境规制政策与公共健康的中介效应.研究结果表明:环境规制政策对公共健康具有促进作用;我国总体的环境规制政策对于防治环境污染产生了一定程度的积极效果;环境规制政策通过对环境污染显著的部分中介效应进而对公共健康产生了促进作用.本研究基于总体环境规制政策文献量化角度考察的政策-环境-健康三维动态关系结果,阐明了环境规制政策、环境污染以及公共健康三者的影响传输路径,对于有效评估环境规制政策效果,保障环境质量以及公共健康的可持续提升具有理论借鉴价值.     

公交服务水平、交通需求管理与公交吸引力——基于客观选择与主观意愿的双重检验

基于我国城市机动化发展特点和优先发展公共交通的背景,利用常州市有选择权居民的RP数据和私家车使用者的SP数据,运用二元logit模型和累积logit模型,构建了公交服务水平、交通需求管理与公交吸引力的理论框架。研究发现了公交服务水平与交通需求管理对有选择权居民公交吸引力的积极影响;公交服务水平与交通需求管理间存在显著的互补效应;在相同境况下,公共交通对小汽车出行者和电动自行车出行者表现出不同的吸引力。研究结果表明：对机动化水平较高的城市,交通治理不应只发展公共交通,还需实行适当的交通需求管理,形成公交激励与私家车管制相互补充、共同治理的局面。     

Rhetorics and Realities in Public Service Organizations: Systemic Practice and Organizational Learning as Critically Reflexive Action Research (CRAR)

This article sets out to develop an argument and theory-in-practice related to organizational learning and systemic practice as critically reflexive action research (CRAR). It explores principles and concepts associated with CRAR, in the context of different emphases in understandings of and approaches to managing or working with change. The notion of epistemologies of practice is developed, as the basis for introducing on-site and off-site CRAR as interweaving cycles of managerial and organizational learning. A multilayered illustration of an improvisational CRAR environment, using principles of dialectical enquiry and critical learning theater, is offered. A diagrammatic analysis provides the framework for describing and reflecting critically on key CRAR processes. This is expanded with a consideration of possibilities for documentation that can assist with the validation of quality in CRAR processes and outcomes. This has relevance in the context of postpositivist action research at postgraduate levels or within project-based CRAR partnerships. This leads to a further discussion of principles and concepts, in the context of other literature and pressures on public services.