基于蚁群算法的连铸二冷优化

连铸二次冷却水量是影响铸坯质量的关键因素之一.为使二冷区内各冷却段间的铸坯表面温度冷却速率和温度回升速率更加趋于合理,减少诱发铸坯产生内部裂纹和表面裂纹的应力因素,根据冶金准则对目标表面温度、矫直点温度、表面最大冷却速率和表面温度回升速率、液芯长度、铸坯的鼓肚等的要求及设备约束条件建立连铸二冷优化模型,并利用蚁群算法对连铸二次冷却水量进行优化,达到提高连铸坯产品质量的目的.     

高品质车轮钢二冷区冷却方式

为了探索高品质低成本车轮钢生产工艺,比较了两种二冷区冷却方式(气雾冷却和全水冷却)对车轮钢铸坯表面温度、凝固组织与宏观偏析的影响.结果表明:两种冷却方式下的二冷区矫直段铸坯表面温度均高于950℃,处于高温塑性区,可避免产生矫直裂纹;两种冷却方式均得到了均匀对称的凝固组织;虽然气雾冷却可略微增加等轴晶比例和降低铸坯中心偏析,但是使铸坯枝晶间距变得较为粗大,并且加重了1/2半径附近处的偏析,对随后的加工和成品的质量更为不利.综合考虑实验结果和生产成本,认为全水冷却方式更适合高品质车轮钢的生产.     

连铸二冷控制及拉速调节系统

铸坯质量和铸机生产率在很大程度上决定于二次冷却强度、冷却水的分配与控制、冷却方式、二冷区设备的水平。二冷强度的增加可以使得拉速增大,生产率提高;二冷控制直接影响着铸坯的质量,铸坯的内部裂纹、表面裂纹、铸坯鼓肚、铸坯菱变等缺陷均由不合理的二冷造成。由此可见,二冷对于连铸生产具有重大的意义。拉坯速度是连铸生产操作中的重要控制参数。正确控制拉速是保证顺利浇铸、充分发挥连铸机的生产能力、改善铸坯质量的关键因素之一。     

二次冷却对板坯中间裂纹的影响

目前,如何在保证铸坯质量的前提下提高内部质量,特别是防止影响最终产品轧制性能的严重中间裂纹的出现,是转炉一连铸治金工艺路线存在地普遍问题。结合连铸板坯凝固过程的二冷DYNACS冷却模型模拟计算,阐述了二次冷却对铸坯中间裂纹的影响,并在此基础上提出了解决方案。     

连铸圆坯凝固传热行为与铸坯质量的控制

在连铸生产过程中,二次冷却在很大程度上影响着铸坯的传热状态,从而在铸坯凝固组织的形成过程中有着决定性的作用.连铸坯裂纹是制约其生产产量和质量的主要缺陷之一.通过对圆坯凝固传热的分析,探索影响铸坯裂纹发生的因素.从而从理论上避免裂纹的发生,保证连铸生产无缺陷铸坯.     

二次冷却对板坯中间裂纹的影响

目前，如何在保证铸坯质量的前提下提高内部质量，特别是防止影响最终产品轧制性能的严重中间裂纹的出现，是转炉一连铸治金工艺路线存在地普遍问题。结合连铸板坯凝固过程的二冷DYNACS冷却模型模拟计算，阐述了二次冷却对铸坯中间裂纹的影响，并在此基础上提出了解决方案。     

连铸方坯热应力模型的研究及应用

为了减少不恰当连铸二冷操作导致的铸坯内部裂纹等缺陷,在凝固传热模型验证的基础上建立了方坯二维弹塑性应力模型.通过此模型计算了水量优化前后铸坯应力分布情况,获得了铸坯在二冷区的应力分布规律.分析了影响连铸坯内部裂纹的因素,提出预防热裂纹产生的措施,为研究二冷对铸坯质量的影响提供了理论基础,并为优化二冷水量改善铸坯质量提供了依据.     

攀钢板坯连铸机不同断面铸坯角部横裂纹分析

通过喷嘴性能测试、重熔凝固冷却实验和计算机仿真软件计算,研究了攀钢不同断面板坯角部冷却情况对铸坯角部横裂纹的影响.研究表明:对于1 160、1 080和1 250mm三个断面尺寸的铸坯,较强的冷却使角部温度较早低于A3温度,矫直前沿奥氏体晶界形成大量膜状先共析铁素体,矫直时容易沿奥氏体晶界形成角部横裂纹.为解决角部横裂纹问题,通过改变铸坯表层组织来控制铸坯角部横裂纹的产生,并将其应用于攀钢现场生产.     

冷却速度对含铌、钛微合金钢铸坯表层组织结构的影响

铸坯出结晶器后的冷却速度是影响和决定铸坯表层组织结构(0～5 mm)及第2相析出物分布的关键因素. 在开发重熔凝固冷却实验装置的基础上,模拟铸坯在垂直段的凝固冷却条件,研究不同冷却速度对铸坯表层组织与第2相析出物分布的影响. 研究表明,在0.8 m·min-1拉速下,以5 ℃·s-1的冷却速度,使铸坯在出结晶器后表面温度下降到A3温度以下,得到的表层组织均匀,晶界无膜状先共析铁素体,微合金元素析出物在晶内分布均匀,有利于提高铸坯热塑性及降低裂纹敏感性.     

关于船板钢连铸坯纵裂的研究

一、前言连铸坯质量特征是和其工艺及凝固特点紧密相连。由于其凝固壳是在强度很小的高温状态下被强制冷却的同时,不断受到拉坯作用。这将导致铸坯易产生裂纹等缺陷。裂纹的成因,为铸坯受到的应力超过金属本身的强度时,而被拉裂形成裂纹。在连铸过程铸坯受到的应力来源。不外乎由机械,乍用产生的机械应力;由坯壳内外温差引起     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the