扩链剂对UV固化聚氨酯性能的影响

以聚己二酸一缩二乙二醇酯-2000为软段,不同二元醇扩链剂和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为硬段,丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)封端,采用预聚体法合成UV固化聚氨酯.分析了不同二元醇扩链剂的相对动力学活性;通过红外光谱表征了光固化聚氨酯树脂的结构,研究了不同的二元醇扩链剂对光固化膜力学性能、耐热性能和使用性能的影响.结果表明,反应温度80℃,乙二醇(EG)与苯基异氰酸酯(PI)的反应速率最快,1,2-丙二醇(1,2-PEG)与PI的反应速率最慢;以1,4-环己烷二甲醇(CHDM)为扩链剂的聚氨酯膜力学性能和耐热性最好.     

扩链剂间苯二胺酰基化改性对聚脲性能的影响

用酰基化方法对二胺扩链剂间苯二胺进行了改性以解决聚脲反应高活性存在的问题。实验以间苯二胺为原料,在冰乙酸和磷酸条件下一步合成新型位阻型酰胺扩链剂二乙酰间苯二胺。并用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱分析,对其结构进行了表征,确定了合成产物的化学结构。用改性前后的不同扩链剂与端氨基聚醚和4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)通过二步溶液法合成聚脲,考察扩链剂酰基化改性对聚脲性能的影响。当用改性扩链剂代替原扩链剂合成聚脲时,其凝胶时间大大延长（从13s延长至1min5s）,且显示出较高的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率（分别由30.4MPa 13.9%增加到35.7MPa和21.1%）。     

聚脲扩链剂乙二胺的酰基化改性研究

喷涂聚脲弹性体在成型工艺中,关键组分胺扩链剂与异氰酸酯的反应过快,对涂层的性能会产生不利影响.为降低反应活性,合成出了新型位阻型仲胺扩链剂二乙酰乙二胺.以乙二胺、冰乙酸为原料,在磷酸催化下一步合成,得到二乙酰乙二胺.并通过熔点测定,凯氏定氮法、红外光谱及1H核磁共振对其结构进行了表征.改性效果测试显示改性后的酰胺扩链剂能降低反应活性.     

利用碳酸乙烯酯开环产物合成聚氨酯脲弹性体

二氧化碳的综合利用是关系人类生存环境的重大课题。采用二氧化碳的衍生物碳酸乙烯酯和1.6-己二胺开环反应合成脂肪族氨酯二醇,并将开环产物作为扩链剂与脂肪族聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)反应合成了脂肪族聚碳酸酯聚氨酯脲弹性体。研究表明,开环反应在38℃,反应10h后,可得到产率为89.9%(质量分数)的产物1.6-二(2-羟基-乙氧基羰基胺)已烷(DHDU)。通过改变碳酸乙烯酯开环物(DHDU)在大分子链中形成的氨酯-脲硬段单元的比例,可以调节合成的聚氨酯脲弹性体的机械性能。当脂肪族聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)分子量相同时,随着PCDL/DHDU摩尔比的减小,合成的聚氨酯脲弹性体的拉伸强度和硬度增加,断裂伸长率减小。该合成产物在生物材料领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

丙烯酸酯法改性己二胺对合成聚脲的影响

用丙烯酸酯法对二胺扩链剂己二胺进行了改性,合成了位阻型酯胺扩链剂N,N-2-甲基-丙酸甲酯-1,6-己二胺以解决聚脲反应高活性方面存在的问题.用红外光谱、高分辨质谱、氮含量测定等方法确定了合成产物的化学结构.将改性前后扩链剂与端氨基聚醚和4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯通过二步溶液法合成聚脲进行了比较.丙烯酸酯法合成的酯胺扩链剂,在结构上2个-CH2CH(CH3)OCOCH3取代了原结构上的两个活泼H原子,本身活性降低,并产生较大空间位阻效应,使得凝胶时间延长,即反应活性降低,且合成的聚脲具备承受一定载荷和拉伸的能力.     

基于芳香族端氨基聚四亚甲基醚软段的聚脲弹性体结构与性能

以氨基在苯环上不同取代位的芳香族端氨基聚四亚甲基醚(APTMEG)与甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)反应制备了聚脲弹性体.研究了氨基取代位置、氨基聚醚分子量、二异氰酸酯种类等因素对反应速度、聚脲弹性体相态结构和性能等的影响.结果表明:随着对应氨基在苯环上的对位、间位、邻位取代位顺序的改变,聚脲弹性体的制备操作时间从5 s延长到300 min,拉伸强度逐渐降低,软硬段相容性增加.不同氨基取代位、氨基聚醚分子量、异氰酸酯制成聚脲弹性体的拉伸强度范围为9 M～45 MPa,拉断伸长率范围为400%～1000%.     

聚酯型水性聚氨酯胶膜结晶性与耐热性的关系

以聚己二酸1,4-丁二醇酯、1,4-丁二醇、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、N-(2-氨基乙基)-氨基乙烷磺酸钠、二羟甲基丙酸和乙二胺为主要原料,通过丙酮法合成了不同软段相对分子质量、硬段含量、硬段种类、亲水扩链剂及以液体石蜡共混改性5个系列的水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液.采用FT-IR表征了WPU的结构和氢键化程度,采用DSC和TG表征了各系列WPU胶膜的结晶性和耐热性.结果表明,硬段含量较高、硬段较规整及添加了液体石蜡的WPU的氢键化程度较高;以较高相对分子质量的聚酯多元醇作为软段、分子结构规整的二异氰酸酯作为硬段、氨基磺酸盐作为亲水扩链剂及以液体石蜡改性所制备的WPU的结晶性较好;WPU胶膜结晶性的改善有助于提高其耐热性能.     

N-酰化改性己二胺的固化反应动力学

采用酰基化方法对二胺扩链剂己二胺进行了改性以减缓聚脲的高反应活性带来的问题,并研究了合成反应的动力学方程.以己二胺、冰乙酸为原料,合成了新型位阻型扩链剂二乙酰己二胺,并用凯氏定氮法、红外光谱法和核磁共振氢谱分析确定了合成产物的化学结构.将它和端氨基聚醚、4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯通过2步溶液法合成了新型聚脲,考察了二乙酰己二胺对聚脲凝胶时间的影响,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪原位跟踪该反应过程的固化反应动力学.结果表明该体系反应表现为良好的二级动力学关系.     

热塑性共聚醚聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲的结构与性质

基于不同相对分子质量的环氧乙烷－四氢呋喃共聚醚、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯／异佛尔酮二异氨酸酯和扩链剂１，４－丁二醇／乙二胺等合成了一系列热塑性聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲弹性体，采用差示扫描量热、Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射和１３Ｃ核磁共振等对其结构和性质等进行了研究．获得了各类弹性体的相分离与软段相Ｔｇ的关系，确定并指出了异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯形成的热塑性聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲为完全无定性结构．     

不同扩链剂嵌段聚脲性质及微相分离影响的研究

用溶液聚合法合成了含有五种不同扩链剂,软段为胺端基聚环氧丙烷的聚脲氨酯和聚脲。用示差扫描量热计法得热容变Δc_(?),动态力学温度谱等数据,说明不同扩链剂对嵌段共聚物性质及微相分离的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-