Fe-Si合金的价电子结构及磁性、范性的微观机制

本文对工业范围内Fe-Si合金的价电子结构进行了计算,给出了其价电子结构分布参数(共价电子数,晶格电子数、键共价电子对数)。算出的键距、磁矩的理论值与实验值符合得很好。并从价电子结构深度,探讨了Fe-si合金磁性和范性的微观本质。     

Cu-Ni-Si合金的价电子结构分析

基于固体与分子经验电子理论(EET),对纯金属晶体Cu以及合金固溶体Cu-Ni、Cu-Si和Cu-Ni-Si进行价电子结构分析,建立相空间价电子结构计算模型和方法,从相空间价电子结构角度探讨合金元素的合金化行为。计算结果表明:Cu处于第15杂阶,Ni处于第8杂阶,Si处于第2杂阶,Cu-Ni-Si晶胞的最强键上共价电子数达到了0.45722,这说明合金元素Ni和Si的溶入,能够提高纯铜晶胞的原子键引力,强化铜基体。     

Fe—Co合金磁矩随成分的变化规律的电子理论分析及脆性因素的探讨

本文对有序和无序Fe-Co合金的价电子结构进行了计算,给出了价电子结构分布参数(共价电子数、晶格电子数,键共价电子对数)。定量计算Fe-Co合金的玻尔磁子数和磁矩随合金成分变化规律。并从价电子结构深度,探讨了Fe-Co50at％合金的脆性本质。     

Al-Mg-Si合金的价电子结构分析

用经验电子理论(EET)对Al—Mg—Si合金中主要成分(如α—Al、镁、硅，以及强化相(β—Mg2Si)的价电子结构进行计算，计算结果表明各成分晶胞最强键上的共价电子对数与其密度、熔点、硬度、电负性有对应关系；Mg、Si原子上次强键的共价电子分布有利于β相的形成。     

γ-Fe(111)，Co(0001)，Ni(111)，C(0001)晶面电子密度计算及触媒作用优劣的价电子结构分析

由于Fe,Co,Ni元素密集面上的原子与石墨层面上单号原子间距相近,常用作触媒,使石墨在较低压力和温度下直接转化为金刚石,异相界面上电子密度的大小和差异直接影响其结合能力.笔者应用余瑞璜教授的固体与分子经验电子理论,对Fe,Co,Ni,C的价电子结构进行了键距差(BLD)分析,发现γ-Fe处于B种杂化第12阶, Co 在第12 阶,Ni在第10 阶,C在第6 阶.计算出γ-Fe(111),Co(0001),Ni(111),C(0001)晶面的平均共价电子密度(简称电子密度)分别为38.272 8 nm - 2,54.603 5 nm - 2,54.766 6 nm - 2,76.334 0 nm - 2.作为触媒,Co 和Ni优于Fe.     

Ni-Co合金的范性、强度及熔点问题的电子理论分析

本文对 Ni-Co 合金的价电子结构、键结构以及磁矩进行了计算,所得键距和磁矩均与实验值吻合很好。从而确定了此合金在平衡态下为面心立方部分有序结构。并根据合金的面心立方部分有序结构的特性,探讨了价电子结构与合金范性、强度及熔点的关系。     

原子簇Ni4-mComB(m=0-3)的结构和性质DFT研究

根据非晶态合金的结构特点,选择系列原子簇模型Ni4-mComB(m=0-3)对Ni_Co_B非晶态合金用DFT方法进行高水平的量子化学计算,结果表明,在Ni_Co_B非晶态合金中,Co_B键强于Ni_B键,Co原子的引入及Co含量的变化对镍原子的电子结构有调变作用.     

原子簇Ni4-mComB(m=0-3)的结构和性质DFT研究

根据非晶态合金的结构特点,选择系列原子簇模型Ni4-mComB(m=0-3)对Ni_Co_B非晶态合金用DFT方法进行高水平的量子化学计算,结果表明,在Ni_Co_B非晶态合金中,Co_B键强于Ni_B键,Co原子的引入及Co含量的变化对镍原子的电子结构有调变作用.     

Fe，Co，Ni的价电子结构分析及物理性能计算

应用《固体与分子经验电子理论》计算了α-Fe,β-Co和Ni的价电子结构,在此基础上,计算了它们的居里温度、磁矩、结合能和熔点．计算结果与实验值相符．根据计算结果：这些元素的磁矩只与磁电子相关;居里温度除与磁电子相关外,还与磁性原子间的距离有关;结合能随共价电子数的增加而增大,随磁电子与哑对电子之和的减小而增大;对熔点起主要作用的是最强键上的共价电子对数,晶格电子项作用微弱,哑对电子起削弱作用,单个磁电子的作用可忽略．这些结果表明：α-Fe,β-Co和Ni的物理性能与其价电子结构密切相关,轨道间价电子的转化将改变这些磁性金属的物理性能．     

镍的线热膨胀分析和磁性电子的键合作用

为了解释Ni的线热膨胀系数随温度变化的复杂关系,本文首先对Pauling的键距公式作出磁性电子作用的修正,进而导出了Ni的线热膨胀系数的关系式,式中包括两项:正常线热膨胀系数α_n,磁性转变线热膨胀系数α_m。并介绍了α_m的计算方法,不仅计算值与实验值相当吻合,而且定量地揭示了Ni中磁性电子具有弱的共价电子的行为。随着温度升高,磁性电子的键合作用减弱,以至最后消失。     

Experimental measurement of valence electron concentration of icosahedral AlPdMn quasicrystal

The valence charge density distribution for the icosahedral AlPdMn (i-AlPdMn) quasicrystal was obtained with the structure factors of the nine strongest symmetry inequivalent reflections, which were refined by using the quantitative convergent beam electron diffraction (QCBED) technique. It shows that the bonding charge is localized. The enhanced charge density in the middle of the aluminum-transition-metal (Al-TM) bond shown in the valence charge density distribution is the characteristic of covalent bonding. Assuming that the shape of an atom is a sphere with covalent radius, the number of electrons that each atom gains or loses in 55 different pseudo-Mackay clusters (PMCs) was calculated based on the obtained valence charge density distribution. It indicates that almost all the atoms lose electrons except a few Pd atoms that are in some particular shells. It also shows that the atoms of an identified element could have different valences because of chemically and/or structurally different local environments in which the atoms situate. Regardless of the topology and chemical occupancy, the number of valence electrons per atom in a cluster is close to 1.69. This strongly suggests that the pseudo-Mackay clusters are stabilized at a certain electron concentration. Biography: YU Fengmei (1965–), female, Professor, Ph.D., research direction: quasicrystal physics.     

关于波函数几率密度分布与共价成键关系的研究

<正> 一、引言化学键的形成起因于原子间的各种力(或势),对于稀有气体和非极性分子间的相互作用Lennard—Jones提出6～12势能函数(亦称L—J势能函数)。φ(R)= λ/R~(12)-μ/R~6=φ_0     

Generation and characterization of a fairly stable triplet carbene

Most molecules are held together by covalent bonds-electron pairs jointly shared by the two atoms that are linked by the bond. Free radicals, in contrast, have at least one unpaired electron. In the case of carbon-based radicals, the carbon atom at the radical centre no longer makes four bonds with other atoms as it would do in its normal, tetravalent state. The presence of unpaired electrons renders such radicals highly reactive, so they normally occur only as transient intermediates during chemical reactions. But the discovery by Gomberg in 1900 of triphenylmethyl, the first relatively stable free radical containing a central trivalent carbon atom, illustrated that radicals with suitable geometrical and electronic structures can be stable. Compounds containing a divalent carbon atom that uses only two of its four valence electrons for bonding are usually less stable than Gomberg-type radicals with trivalent carbon. Although the role of these so-called carbenes in chemical reactions has long been postulated, they were unambiguously identified only in the 1950s. More recently, stable carbenes have been prepared, but the singlet state of these molecules, with the two nonbonding valence electrons paired, means that they are not radicals. Carbenes in the second possible electronic state, the triplet state, are radicals: the two nonbonding electrons have parallel spins and occupy different orbitals. Here we report the preparation and characterization of a triplet carbene, whose half-life of 19 minutes at room temperature shows it to be significantly more stable than previously observed triplet carbenes.     

Hardness estimation for covalent crystals using empirical electron theory

Covalent electrons substantially determine the intrinsic hardness of inorganic crystals. A hardness model is presented on the basis of the Empirical Electron Theory generated from Pauling’s covalent bond length equation and the bond length difference method. The calculated hardness values of inorganic crystals are in good agreement with experimental and other theoretical values. Covalent bond energy with polarity correction can be used as an intrinsic indicator linking microscopic electronic structure to macroscopic hardness. A simple mathematical processing of bond energy is performed to extend the model to multi-bonding or multi-component systems. It is also found that spatial distribution of covalent bonds has a great influence on the hardness of inorganic crystals.     

共价键结合的石墨烯和碳纳米管三维复合材料的载流子迁移率研究

应用密度泛函理论对共价键结合的多孔石墨烯和单壁碳纳米管三维复合材料进行结构优化和能带计算，确定石墨烯和碳纳米管以共价键的形式结合.基于第一性原理计算出石墨烯二维平面上的弹性常数和形变势常数，得到石墨烯电子和空穴迁移率约为104 cm2/(Vs), 比完整的单层石墨烯低1个数量级.该模型可以扩展到共价键结合的碳元素三维空间结构，在未来的有机电子学领域具有广阔的发展前景.     

Co掺杂对单斜LiMnO_2结构与性能的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法研究Co掺杂对单斜LiMnO2结构与性能的影响.结果表明:Co掺杂可缩短阴阳离子间的距离、抑制Jahn-Teller畸变、减小材料的绝缘带隙;掺杂体系中Co3+的电子组态为t62geg0,处于非自旋态,Mn3+的电子组态为t23geg1,处于高自旋态,由于过渡金属原子与氧原子间存在较强的共价相互作用,因此该掺杂体系并非理想的离子晶体.     

A-H键振动频率

本文用价层轨道平均能和价电子的平均核势来研究A－H键振动的规律性,得出了一个关系式,用此公式计算振动频率的值与实验值非常接近。     

等价式在簇合物中的应用

介绍了分子或复杂离子的等价式概念，等价式与分子或复杂离子具有相同的价电子数．等价式与分子或复杂离子的结构及它们中的每个原子的成键情况是紧密联系的，同时等价式仅与价电子有关，而与内层电子无关．在等价式中，各种键型之间存在着明确的数学关系式，这个数学关系式完全适用于任何类型的化合物，并且无任何错误之处，同时也扩大了半拓扑图式理论的应用范围．簇合物中存在的键型种类多，成键情况比较复杂．列出了主族原子簇合物和过渡金属簇合物中各种键型之间所符合的数学关系式，这样等价式概念在簇合物中得到了应用，处理结果令人满意。     

Ferroelectricity from iron valence ordering in the charge-frustrated system LuFe2O4

Ferroelectric materials are widely used in modern electric devices such as memory elements, filtering devices and high-performance insulators. Ferroelectric crystals have a spontaneous electric polarization arising from the coherent arrangement of electric dipoles (specifically, a polar displacement of anions and cations). First-principles calculations and electron density analysis of ferroelectric materials have revealed that the covalent bond between the anions and cations, or the orbital hybridization of electrons on both ions, plays a key role in establishing the dipolar arrangement. However, an alternative model-electronic ferroelectricity-has been proposed in which the electric dipole depends on electron correlations, rather than the covalency. This would offer the attractive possibility of ferroelectric materials that could be controlled by the charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom of the electron. Here we report experimental evidence for ferroelectricity arising from electron correlations in the triangular mixed valence oxide, LuFe(2)O(4). Using resonant X-ray scattering measurements, we determine the ordering of the Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions. They form a superstructure that supports an electric polarization consisting of distributed electrons of polar symmetry. The polar ordering arises from the repulsive property of electrons-electron correlations-acting on a frustrated geometry.