柱层析法提取绞股蓝皂甙

用醇－水溶液浸提，Ａｌ２Ｏ３柱富集纯化制备固定绞股兰皂甙，其精甙收率达１．７８％。     

乳酸酯的合成研究

报道了合成乳酸酯的新方法，即以乳酸和醇为原料，在对甲苯磺酸催化下以氧化钙为脱水剂，采用索氏提取器进行回流脱水合成乳酸酯．应用该方法，酯化反应时间缩短到３ｈ，收率高达８１％～９８％．同时对影响收率诸因素进行了考察，最佳反应条件为乳酸醇对甲苯磺酸的摩尔比为２４２０１     

二步法合成烷基糖甙表面活性剂

采用二步法将葡萄糖与两种不同链件醇混合合成烷基糖甙，以ＨＰＬＣ分析了不同反应条件下合成产品的组成，并确定了最适合成反应条件：糖／丁醇摩尔比为１：３、糖／十二醇摩尔比为１：２、催化剂量为８ｍｌ硫酸、反应总时间为３．５ｈ。     

丝胶树碱（funtumine）的合成

本文研究了以妊烯醇酮为原料，经过催化加氢、Mitsunobu反应、碱解、酸解等步骤，合成丝胶树碱，收率约61．0％。     

微波辐射硅钨酸催化合成肉桂酸乙酯

肉桂酸与乙醇在硅钨酸催化、微波辐射下，反应得肉桂酸乙醋，微波功率为340w，反应时间20min，酸醇比为1：7mol，转化率达到93％．探讨了各种因素对产品收率的影响，选择出了最佳反应条件．     

氯乙酸异丙酯的催化合成

以氯乙酸和异丙醇为原料，氯化亚锡为催化剂，合成了氯乙酸异丙酯．探索了酸醇摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响，优化出最佳工艺条件并得到较高的酯收率．     

固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-WO3催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2-/TiO2-WO3并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮，探讨了SO4^2-/TiO2-WO33对缩酮反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比，催化剂用量，反应时问诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明：SO4^2-/TiO2-WO3是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n(酮)：n(醇)=1：2．0，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．25％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间1．0h的优化条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达85．8％。     

异己二醇合成中试研究

在异己二醇中试试验中，采用均匀设计安排中试试验，验证放大准则，确定放大参数，考查了反应温度、反应压力、催化剂用量等工艺条件的操作稳定性，取得了较好的试验结果，使异己二醇的生产收率可以稳定在90％以上。这证明高压催化加氢合成异己二醇工艺可行，其适宜的工艺条件反应温度为130℃，压力1．5MPa，搅拌转速410r／min，催化剂用量3％。     

硅胶载体酸催化下富马酸二苄酯的合成

以顺酐和苄醇为原料，采用硅胶载体酸为催化剂，合成了富马酸二苄酯．讨论了载体酸催化剂的用量、原料配比及投料方式、反应温度及反应时间对产物收率的影响     

固载杂多酸PW12/C催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

用固载杂多酸PW12／C催化合成了香料环己酮乙二醇缩酮．研究了酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间．反应温度等因素对产品收率的影响％实验表明：同载磷钨酸是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的优良催化剂。13(环己酮)：n(乙二醇)为1：1．5，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．8％．苯作带水剂，控温110℃左右，反应时间为40min的条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达89．6％。催化剂重复使用四次．收率均在80％以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with