现代汉语词义的基本类型新探

本文认为：在现代汉语词义这个共时的系统中也存在历时的问题，所以属于历时范畴的“本义和派生义”及“历史义和现存义”也同样适合于现代汉语的词义系统而成为现代汉语词义着眼于“历史时－词义学”角度的两种重要类型。除此之外，“基本义和一般义”及“贮存义和使用义”也是现代汉语词义的两种基本类型，前者着眼于“共时－语义学”的角度，后者则着眼于“共时－语用学”的角度。     

“妈妈”所折射的汉民族文化心理

“妈妈”一词在现代汉语方言中有着广泛的内涵,这是方言称谓词张力的体现。本文通过对“妈”、“妈妈”在汉语 方言和隐语中的应用情况,揭示出它们所折射的汉民族特有的避讳心理、阴阳观念和宗族血缘观念等文化心理。     

英汉词汇比较拾零

社会语言学把词汇视为语言中“最敏感的部分”,词汇变化发展乃是社会生活变化和人类认识发展的反映.英语和汉语是两种高度发展的语言,此两种语言的词之涵意及使用习惯有许多不同,各有特点.严复曰:“一名之立,旬月踟蹰”(《天演论·译例言》).可见,我们在理解英文词汇意义过程中,须持谨慎之态度.由于我们认知英文词汇时受到汉语的干扰,很容易怀着汉语的语言心理而望英语之“文”徒生汉语之“义”.实际上,英汉词汇意义间比较有三种情况:①完全对应;③不完全对应;③完全不对应.注意英汉语言的对比,对提高学习者的语言分辨能力和文化素养有积极的意义.赵景深先生把milky、way译作“牛奶路”而被鲁迅先生赠以“迢迢牛奶路”的名句,以至“牛奶路”成为翻译史上的典型笑话;这恐怕对英语学习者在学习中要认真推敲词汇意义教育颇大.     

"勾当"词义源流考

“勾当”是汉语常用词之一,最初作动词,表示“主管,料理”义,并用作职衔名;晚唐五代时引申出“事情”义,之后约在元代,“坏事情”一义从中分化出来,并在现代汉语中最终取代“勾当”的其他用法成为常用义。探讨“勾当”的用法变化及其原因,可以为汉语词汇研究以及语文辞书编纂提供新的线索。     

英语中汉语借词的语言文化探究

英语通过广采博收外来语扩大自身词汇量,英语中的汉语借词反映了汉语及中国文化对英语和西方文化的影响。本文主要分析了现代英语借用汉语借词的方式、语言文化特征,揭示了英语中汉语借词发展变化的趋势及其语义理据。     

创始人为何称鼻祖

为什么常常称创始人为鼻祖?这跟鼻子有关系吗?要解释鼻祖的来历,首先还得从鼻字说起。鼻的本字是自。在上古时代,自就是鼻子的意思。在甲骨文和金文中,自的写法都很像人的鼻子的模样,那时候,自的读音和鼻的读音     

现代汉族词义的派生方式新论

本文通过对《现代汉语词典》中多义词各义项间关系的考察，将目前杂说不一的现代汉语词义派生方式框定在“引申式派生”及“修辞式派生”这两个大的框架内加以讨论：前者主要表现为对母义个别义素的变换和延伸，其过程是类比、推演；后者则表现为对词的修辞用法产生的临时义的约定俗成，其过程是将临时义固定为词汇意义。     

副词“但、只、仅、才”辨义析流

东汉以来,范围副词“但、只、仅、才”之间建立了同义联系。辞书和古籍中往往用互训方法释义。然而,从历时纵面考察,这一组同义词的词义和用法是有较大差别的;即使是在共时平面上,也还有着细微不同。注意到这些差别,有助于揭示词汇系统内部联系和词义的发展线索,本文就义位叙述词义的衍变和传承关系,意在既能区别词义又可以显示其源流关系,一、义位“只管、尽管”,含“放心大胆去做某事,不必虑及其他”之意,用于 vp 前。汉时期“第”(弟)常有此义,“但”于南北朝时始有此义,“只”在现代汉语中作为语     

试说“次”的古今意义及用法

“次”的古义很丰富，有些义字典中未表，而在现代汉语中，它的意义已明显缩减。本文就“次”的古今意义作了简单的归纳和比较。     

汉字的意义发展与读音分化

变音别义、变音造词是上古汉语词汇的突出特点。汉字的形、音、义三要素在发展过程中呈现出密切而复杂的关系,读音、字形是表示词语意义的形式,意义是汉字读音和字形的内容,是推动读音、字形分化的决定力量。汉字读音分化是汉语词汇发展的一个重要途径,通过“衍音”,汉语里出现了大量同源词、孳生词,是汉语声训的现实基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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