超导材料的研究进展及应用

本文主要综合叙述了超导材料及其超导微观理论的发展历史及现状、超导材料的分类、制备方法、分析测试仪器以及实际应用等。自发现超导现象以来,超导材料的研究一直备受各界科研人士的关注,不断的发展、突破。迄今为止,BCS理论可以很好地解释常规超导体的微观超导现象。近几年发现处于热点的部分先进高熵合金也具有超导性,且BCS理论可以解释其微观超导现象。这一发现引起科研人员的广泛关注。本文主要针对高熵合金超导材料对超导材料的研究进展进行归纳分类,期待对于超导材料的起源、发展历程的了解起到一定的作用,并且对于高熵合金的超导性研究有一定的帮助。     

超导及超导材料的应用

超导是金属或合金在较低温度下电阻变为零的性质。自从超导发现至今,超导的研究和超导材料的研制已迅速发展。超导材料的物质结构及性质已逐渐研究清楚,超导的临界温度已从开始的几开升至一百多开,超导材料得到广泛应用,特别是高温超导材料的广泛应用将会给社会带来的巨大变革。     

碱金属掺杂C60超导体的结构与物性

1991年刚发现的碱金属掺杂C_((?)0)超导材料对于理论上研究新的超导机制与进一步开发更高转变温度的超导有机材料都有着重要的意义。本文介绍并讨论了这一材料的结构与电子性质。     

高温超导材料R-T特性测试仪的改进

实验室现有HT-288型高TC超导材料电阻-温度特性测量仪,测量超导材料R-T曲线存在较大的误差。分析发现,问题主要存在于实验时对超导材料测试R-T曲线的低温环境控制不够均匀,稳定。简单合理的改进后测得的R-T曲线相对较合理。     

超导与化学

1 超导与其发展史当前世界上出现了一股超导热,所谓“超导”是指导电材料在一定条件下电阻变为零的现象。自1911年发现超导现象以来,科学家已经意识到超导现象必将深远地影响未来科学技术的发展,成为各种新技术发展的关键。如用超导状态的电线制成闭合线圈,在这种超导线圈中由于没有电阻,故在无电压下电流仍能持续流动,因而可产生磁场,这种磁场即超导磁场。超导技术的应用包括超导强磁和超导弱磁,一旦超导材料在应用     

镍氧化物超导体的发现与研究进展

镍氧化物超导材料的发现,激发起研究人员新一轮对近似铜氧化物新型超导材料的探寻以及对高温超导机理中有关晶体结构-电子结构密切关系的研究兴趣.本文重点从具有无限层结构的掺杂镍氧化物(Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₂)超导体的发现、目前的实验研究进展、对其电子结构及物理机制的研究等方面概述这类新型超导材料的基本特性,并在结尾对镍基超导体系的构建、一些亟待解决的物理和材料问题以及今后研究的方向等作开放性讨论.     

超导氧化铜理论

超导现象是1911年首先由Keike Kamer—lingh Onnes在4.2K时在汞中发现的，接着，超导在许多金属单质和化合物中被发现。1957年，Bardeen等人第一次提出超导理论，到了1986年，George Bednorz和Karl Alex对于超导理论的发展做出了巨大的贡献，将一类临界温度为35K的固体物质引入材料科学和物理科学的世界。一种新的超导材料La2CuO4,     

点接触技术在拓扑材料研究中的应用

点接触实验方法最早被用于研究固体材料中的元激发,后来发展到研究超导/普通金属界面上的Andreev反射现象,并利用这种现象探测超导序参量.随着拓扑材料以及拓扑超导领域研究的兴起,点接触实验方法在该领域也发挥了重要的作用.最近几年,点接触实验方法被用于在多种拓扑半金属材料表面诱导并探测超导信号,使其应用范围得到了进一步拓展.本文简要介绍了点接触的基本原理、利用点接触探测样品超导性质的方法以及点接触技术本身的发展,简单回顾了点接触在拓扑超导候选材料中的研究,最后介绍了点接触针尖诱导超导现象的发现以及进展.     

超导综述

引言超导体是人们急需研究和开发的一种理想电磁材料,凡涉及到电和磁或电磁辐射的领域,超导体具有十分重要的应用。例如:磁流发电,电磁推进、超导储能、核磁共振、高能物理,受控热核反应、激光等。自1911年发现超导现象以来,超导材料的临界温度平均每年仅提高1K,而87年2月以来中、美、日、德、苏、匈等国相继宣布得到大于90K 的超导材料,最近美国宣布     

超导材料在能源和交通领域的应用

超导材料具有广阔的应用前景。在提高临界温度的同时,人们在努力探索新型超导材料。在进一步探索超导微观机理的同时,人们更关注超导的应用前景。本文简单介绍了超导的基本知识和超导材料的发展历程,详细阐述了超导材料在电力、能源、交通等领域的应用及其前景。     

超导理论与应用研究的最新进展

介绍了超导理论与应用研究近况，特别是2001年的最新进展。在高温超导体微观机理的重新认识方面，已有证据显示，在高温超导体中存在很强的电子－声子耦合作用；在新型超导材料探索方面，主要有二硼化镁（MgB2），有机聚合物（P3HT），碳60等。超导材料具有现实和潜在的良好应用前景，特别是在能源、电力、交通、微波通信、计算机、医学和各种检测器等领域。     

氧化物超导体的晶型与键型过渡及结构化学规律初探

从结构化学角度出发,运用晶型键型过渡方法,对新型氧化物超导体的键型进行了归属。结果表明,高温超导材料属于具有部分离子性和部分共价性的晶体。同时还提出三条经验规律,为探索新体系超导体提供一定的指导作用。     

高铅掺氟Bi系超导体的研制

本文首次报道了五种高铅量Bi系超导体Bi_(2-n)Pb_nSr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_(y-x)F_x(n=1.0,1.2,1.4,1.6,1.7)的制备,x在1.0～1.4的范围内,n依次取上述值时。超导体的T_(co)分别为113.6K,112K,104K,88K,78K。X射线粉末衍射,红外光谱等分析表明,n=1.0～1.4时超导体仍具有2223相结构特征;n=1.6,1.7时表现出新的结构特点,此外从化学动力学观点初步探讨了CuF_2,PbO在超导相形成过程中的作用。     

超导材料的超快光谱研究

电子、晶格、自旋和轨道微观自由度对超导材料的宏观特性起到至关重要的作用.在超导体系中,特别是非常规超导材料,这些自由度衍生出具有不同能量尺度的玻色激发和有序态.前者如声子、磁振子、电荷密度波、自旋密度波、自旋涨落、向列涨落等;后者如超导态、赝能隙态、向列相、反铁磁/铁磁等.前者与后者的形成密切相关.尤其是,不同的玻色激发在频域内纠缠在一起彼此相互作用,同时又与电子(或准粒子)耦合,构建出复杂而又丰富的平衡态和非平衡态物理过程.超快光谱技术的独特性在于具有宽能量范围和高时间分辨率的特点,利用光(电磁波)与超导材料相互作用中的线性和非线性响应,可以共振或非共振地探测与调控这类材料中的准平衡或非平衡态动力学属性.因为桌面超快光谱系统功能全面且具有很大的灵活性,它不仅被应用于超导体系,而且被广泛应用于其他各种无机和有机材料.由于非平衡态理论,特别是与关联电子体系相关的,目前还处在快速发展的阶段,所以本综述主要介绍了常用的桌面超快光谱技术和目前被广泛使用的相关分析理论,聚焦于讨论超导材料中超快光谱实验数据涌现出来的一些普适性趋势及进展.所涉及的超导材料包含了常规超导体、铜氧化物超导体、铁基超导体和重费米子超导体.     

Resonance as a measure of pairing correlations in the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.6

One of the most striking properties of the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors is that they are all derived from insulating antiferromagnetic parent compounds. The intimate relationship between magnetism and superconductivity in these copper oxide materials has intrigued researchers from the outset, because it does not exist in conventional superconductors. Evidence for this link comes from neutron-scattering experiments that show the unambiguous presence of short-range antiferromagnetic correlations (excitations) in the high-Tc superconductors. Even so, the role of such excitations in the pairing mechanism for superconductivity is still a subject of controversy. For YBa2Cu3O(6+x), where x controls the hole-doping level, the most prominent feature in the magnetic excitation spectrum is a sharp resonance (refs 6-11). Here we show that for underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.6, where x and Tc are below their optimal values, modest magnetic fields suppress the resonance significantly, much more so for fields approximately perpendicular to the CuO2 planes than for parallel fields. Our results indicate that the resonance measures pairing and phase coherence, suggesting that magnetism plays an important role in high-Tc superconductivity. The persistence of a field effect above Tc favours mechanisms in which the superconducting electron pairs are pre-formed in the normal state of underdoped copper oxide superconductors, awaiting transition to the superconducting state.     

Superconductivity in molecular crystals induced by charge injection

Progress in the field of superconductivity is often linked to the discovery of new classes of materials, with the layered copper oxides being a particularly impressive example. The superconductors known today include a wide spectrum of materials, ranging in complexity from simple elemental metals, to alloys and binary compounds of metals, to multi-component compounds of metals and chalcogens or metalloids, doped fullerenes and organic charge-transfer salts. Here we present a new class of superconductors: insulating organic molecular crystals that are made metallic through charge injection. The first examples are pentacene, tetracene and anthracene, the last having the highest transition temperature, at 4 K. We anticipate that many other organic molecular crystals can also be made superconducting by this method, which will lead to surprising findings in the vast composition space of molecular crystals.     

Superconductivity phase diagram of Na(x)CoO2*1.3H2O

The microscopic origin of superconductivity in the high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxides remains the subject of active inquiry; several of their electronic characteristics are well established as universal to all the known materials, forming the experimental foundation that all theories must address. The most fundamental of those characteristics, for both the copper oxides and other superconductors, is the dependence of the superconducting T(c) on the degree of electronic band filling. The recent report of superconductivity near 4 K in the layered sodium cobalt oxyhydrate, Na(0.35)CoO2*1.3H2O, is of interest owing to both its triangular cobalt-oxygen lattice and its generally analogous chemical and structural relationships to the copper oxide superconductors. Here we show that the superconducting T(c) of this compound displays the same kind of behaviour on chemical doping that is observed in the high-T(c) copper oxides. Specifically, the optimal superconducting T(c) occurs in a narrow range of sodium concentrations (and therefore electron concentrations) and decreases for both underdoped and overdoped materials, as observed in the phase diagram of the copper oxide superconductors. The analogy is not perfect, however, suggesting that Na(x)CoO2*1.3H2O, with its triangular lattice geometry and special magnetic characteristics, may provide insights into systems where coupled charge and spin dynamics play an essential role in leading to superconductivity.     

Study on Growth of GdBaSrCu_3O_(7-δ) Single Crystal

1 Results It is generally known that CuO2 planes of layered cuprate superconductors play a major role on the variation of critical temperature,Tc.In order to investigate their microscopic and electronic properties,preparation of such materials in single crystal form with highly structure orientation is very important.Crystal growth techniques for copper oxide materials have greatly improved since the discovery of high Tc superconductor materials[1].However,a strong reaction between CuO flux and crucible material has been a serious problem in crystal growth by using crucible,especially in a self-flux slow cooling method that needs long time.It is important to avoid the contamination from crucible material and also the ‘creeping out' problem of CuO flux during long time and high sintering temperature.In this study,we attempted to grew the GdBaSrCu3O7-δ single crystals via self-flux slow cooling technique.They were grown from CuO-rich nonstoichiometric solutions as similar as the YBCO case with approximately cation and powder ratio used as reported before[2-3].     

拓扑绝缘体与低维超导体的电输运特性

拓扑绝缘体这种具有新奇量子特性的物质和具有百余年研究历史的超导体都是当前凝聚态物理学领域的研究热点．本文简要介绍了拓扑绝缘体、超导体的研究背景和基本特性,重点回顾了拓扑绝缘体、超导薄膜及纳米桥、超导纳米线以及纳米尺度下拓扑绝缘体．超导异质结构的电输运特性．并对该领域的进一步发展做出了展望．