Parton energy loss in hot and dense QCD medium

One of the confident predictions of QCD is that at sufficiently high temperature and/or high density, had- ronic matter should undergo a thermodynamic phase transition to a color deconfined state of matter―― popularly called the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP)…     

Synthesis,Characteristics and Applications of Fibrous Composites with Immobilized Nanomolecular Layers of Ferrocyanides and Phosphates of Some d-Elements

1 Results The general principle of the synthesis of fibrous inorganic ion-exchanging composites, containing the combination of polymer analogous conversion reactions of the fibres and cycles of ion-molecular layering is advanced. Synthesis of thin nanomolecular layers of the acid Ti(Ⅳ) and Zr(Ⅳ) phosphates on surface of the cotton fibres and Cu(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) ferrocyanides-on polyacrylonitrile fibres was performed on the basis of this principle. By the method of X-ray analysis it was stated that the formed pellicular inorganic layers have a crystalline structure. The synthesis of thin layers of Cu(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) hexacyanoferrates (Ⅱ) was performed by the method of the chemosorption layering on a matrix which represented the derivatives of polyacrylonitrile fibres containing HO-N=C·-NH2 groups with the degree of substitution of CN-groups about 50%. According to the data from the X-ray studying of the synthesized pellicular hexacyanoferrates, their composition is described by the formulas KxCu(2-x)[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O and KxFe(4-x)[Fe(CN)6]3 (compounds Ⅰand Ⅱ respectively). By the methods of IR-spectroscopy, formation of heteroatomic cycles by polyacrylonitrile derivatives (with participation of strong H-bonds) was shown. They were capable to disintegrate under the effect ofthe ions of d-metals. It is suggested that strong adhesion of the layers withthe matrix is caused by formation of linkage between [Fe(CN)6]4-ions and the ions in chelates' composition through CN-bridges. The equilibrium ion-exchange capacity on the Rubidium, Cesium and Thallium ions linearly depends on the layer's thickness, which is determined by the number of layering cycles (n) and is equal to 1.0 mmol·g-1 when n=8. Theion-exchange property testing of the synthesized compositions on the basis of the acid Ti(Ⅳ) and Zr(Ⅳ) phosphates was carried out by sorption from water solutions of the strontium and caesium-137 ions, on the basis of the Cu(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) ferrocyanides-stable and radioactive caesium isotopes. There is a linear dependency of ion-exchange capacity on the amount of the cycles layering in case the acid Ti(Ⅳ)and Zr(Ⅳ) phosphates is observed. Moreover, the equality of the ionite ion-exchange capacity both on ion strontium, and on ion caesium is observed under fourfold cycle layering. S-figurative nature of such dependence was stated for ferrocyanides. It is shown that the process of the ion exchange proceeding in two stages. The full ion-exchange capacity of ionites on the basis of the acid Ti(Ⅳ) and Zr(Ⅳ) phosphates reaches 2.0 mmol-equ/g, but on the basis Cu(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) ferrocyanides-1.0 mmol-equ/g. Ion-exchange equilibrium on synthesized ionites is reachedapproximately 30 times faster, than on corresponding powdery crystalline phosphates and ferrocyanides. Conclusion about prospect of the synthesized material usage in ion-exchange technology, including for extraction of radionuclides is made.     

Synthesis,Characteristics and Applications of Fibrous Composites with Immobilized Nanomolecular Layers of Ferrocyanides and Phosphates of Some d-Elements

1 Results The general principle of the synthesis of fibrous inorganic ion-exchanging composites, containing the combination of polymer analogous conversion reactions of the fibres and cycles of ion-molecular layering is advanced. Synthesis of thin nanomolecular layers of the acid Ti(Ⅳ) and Zr(Ⅳ) phosphates on surface of the cotton fibres and Cu(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) ferrocyanides-on polyacrylonitrile fibres was performed on the basis of this principle. By the method of X-ray analysis it was stated that the forme...     

Crystallization Behavior of Copolymer Poly(ethylene terephth-alate/isophthalate)(IPET)

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics, isothermal crystallization and the morphology of crystals of the copolymer poly ( ethylene terephthalate/ isophthalate ) (IPET) were studied by DSC and polarized-light microscopy in this paper. DSC results indicate that the glass transition temperature Tg of IPET is slightly lower than that of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), but the melting temperature Tm and the crystallization temperature Tc of PET and IPET have much difference. The difference of Tc between PET and IPET2 is about 7℃, and the difference of Tm between PET and IPET2 is about 16℃. From the kinetics analysis of the crystallization, the crystallization mechanism of all samples is of three-dimension spherulitic growth from instantaneous nuclei and the incorporation of isophthalate (IPA) decreases the crystallization rate of IPET greatly. The isothermal results indicate that the morphologies of PET and IPET crystals are all spherulite, which is in conformity to the results of non-isothermal d     

Localization and the possible role of plasminogen activators and inhibitors in early stages of placentation

The distribution of mRNAs of tissue type (t) and urokinase type (u) plasminogen activator (PA) plus their corresponding inhibitors, type-1 (PAI-1) and type-2 (PAI-2) have been studied in the tissues of human first and second trimester placentae by in situ hybridization. The results show that: (ⅰ) All the molecules, tPA, uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2, were identified in the blood vessels, the majority of extravillous trophoblastic cells of the decidual layer between Rohr’s and Nitabuch’s stria and in the trophoblast cells lining the chorionic plate, basal plate, intercotyledonary septae and cytotrophoblast cells of the chorionic villous tree. (ⅱ) No expression of such probes was observed in the basal and chorionic plate, glandular cells of the decidua, the septal tissues or the villous core mesenchyme. The co-distribution of the molecules observed suggests that the co-ordinated expression of the activators and inhibitors in various cells of the placental tissue may play a role in angiogenesis related to conversion of spiral arteries into utero-placental arteries and establishment of a chorio-decidual blood flow during early stages of placentation.     

Influence of flow control devices on metallurgical effects in a large-capacity tundish

The influence of flow control devices on metallurgical effects in a large-capacity tundish has been studied carefully with elements tracing, sampling and theoretical prospecting. The results from the studies are (1) in the continuous casting of clean steel, bad control of tundish operation may deteriorate the cleanliness of steel; (2) the cleanliness of steel is deteriorated mainly at the unsteady state; (3) large amount of macro inclusions come from the top slag and the refractory of tundish; (4) installing dam and weir can improve the cleanliness of steel and lighten the influence of steel fluctuation; and (5) the result of theoretical calculation suggests that the inclusions larger than the critical size of 92.6 μm can be floated out from the tundish bath completely.     

3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship study of organophosphate compounds

The biological effects of most organophosphate compounds (OP) are arising by inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACHE). The 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) on the acute toxicity to housefly (Musca nobulo L.) of 35 dialkyl phenyl phosphate compounds are studied by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) methods, and the reaction mechanism between the OP and the AChE are discussed. In contrast to classical QSAR methods, CoMFA and CoMSIA, especially the combination of both approaches, can give more comprehensive and accurate perspectives on the mechanism of the reaction between OP and ACHE. The results show that the length of alkyl, and the electronegative of substituent on phenyl of OP have significant effects on the AChE activity,whereas, the hydrophobicity of OP has little influence. The steric and electronic properties of OP have a dominant influence on the reaction between OP and ACHE.     

STUDIES ON THE COMPATIBILITY OF PPO MULTI-COMPONENT BLENDS

The compatibility and phase morphology of poly (phenylcne oxide) (PPO) multi-componenet blends with poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polystyrene (PS) were studied using differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microsopy (SEM) methods. The effect of glycidyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer (GMS), as a compatibilizer, on the morphology of the PPO blends has also been studied in detail. The influence of the moiecular weight of PET and the synergetic effect of the compatibilizers of GMS and phenoxy on the morphology were examined. The DSC and DMA results show that there are two distinct glass transitions correspondinig to PET and PPO existed, however, the Tg of PPO shifts toward lower temperature region due to the addition of GMS and PS. The SEM results reveal that PET component is as dispersed phases in the PPO matrix, part of which is located at the interfaces due to the interaction with GMS while PS is miscible in the PPO matrix. A significant     

Structural and mechanical properties of amorphous carbon films deposited by the dual plasma technique

Direct current metal filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) and acetylene gas (C₂H₂) were wielded to synthesize Ti-containing amorphous carbon films on Si (100). The influence of substrate bias voltage and acetylene gas on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the films were investigated. The results show that the phase of TiC in the (111) preferential crystallographic orientation exists in the film,and the main existing pattern of carbon is sp2. With increasing the acetylene flow rate,the contents of Ti and TiC phase of the film gradually reduce; however,the thickness of the film increases. When the substrate bias voltage reaches -600 V,the internal stress of the film reaches 1.6 GPa. The micro-hardness and elastic modulus of the film can reach 33.9 and 237.6 GPa,respectively,and the friction coefficient of the film is 0.25.     

History of the temperature-dependence of susceptibility and its implications: Preliminary results along an E-W transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau

An investigation of rock magnetic properties using the temperature-dependence of susceptibility (TDS) and the coercivity of different IRM components was conducted on samples of the Malan loess (L1) and the last interglacial soil (S1) along an E-W transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau. We find that the behavior of the TDS is useful in identifying maghemite (γ-Fe_2O_3) in both loess and paleosol, and that it can be used as a new proxy of the degree of pedogenesis, which is closely linked to climatic conditions. Based on results from the TDS, we conclude that (1) the detrital magnetite grains predominate in the L1 unit to the west of Liupan Mts, where the weathering and pedogenetic processes were weakest; (2) a comparable degree of pedogenesis exists in the L1 at the east of the Liupan Mts and the S1 at the west of the Liupan Mts; (3) a higher concentration of maghemite is found in the S1 unit at the eastern sections, suggesting that the local climate was warmer and more humid in this interval. In addition, we propose that TDS measurements can be used as a rapid means of determining the reliability of the paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) record in loess/poleoso/sequenees.     

高能质子-质子和重离子碰撞中粲物理的研究进展

总结了RHIC能区质子-质子和重离子碰撞中粲物理的研究和进展.介绍了RHIC-STAR上开粲与粲偶素测量的最新成果.在从实验上验证QCD理论,理解重味夸克与介质相互作用,解释开粲与粲偶素不同的产生机制等方面都有重要的价值,并帮助我们研究和理解重离子碰撞产生的QGP新物质形态的基本特性.     

重离子碰撞对QCD物质的若干检验

 采用重新拟合的σ_J/ψN数据计算核吸收效应,并结合能量损失以及核遮蔽效应因子.研究了E866、RHIC和HERA上J/ψ粒子产生中微分截面比R的x_F（或y）分布,结果与最新的实验数据进行了对比.结论表明：所选用的介质效应模型能较好地再现实验数据,体现冷核效应的幅度,尤其是RHIC的正快度区域(y＞0）及HERA的负x_F区域.文末还给出了对LHC上产值数据的预言.对冷核介质效应的研究,能协助甄别热核反应中的产值抑制是否预言中夸克-胶子等离子体形成的标志,从而有助于对QCD物质特征的检验.     

强子气体产生的热光子

在 SPS、RHIC 和 LHC 碰撞能区,利用 SU（2）规范对称性,研究了强子物质中介子相互作用产生的热光子. 计算结果表明,在 SPS 能区,强子气体对热光子谱起到更重要的作用,在 205 MeV 初始温度条件下,强子气体热光子产额比夸克-胶子等离子体的产额高. 在 RHIC 和 LHC 能区,夸克-胶子等离子体的作用随碰撞能量的增加而逐渐变得重要.     

质心能量200 GeV下d＋Au碰撞中末态强子的赝快度分布研究

利用热化组分模型详细讨论了RHIC能区不同中心度d＋Au产生的带电粒子赝快度分布.并把产生粒子的贡献归纳为射弹碎裂区、中心区和靶碎裂区3部分粒子贡献总和,中心区域形成集体流达到热化.并由此分析了RHIC能区d＋Au相互作用不同中心度粒子产生特性.     

Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus

High-energy nuclear collisions create an energy density similar to that of the Universe microseconds after the Big Bang; in both cases, matter and antimatter are formed with comparable abundance. However, the relatively short-lived expansion in nuclear collisions allows antimatter to decouple quickly from matter, and avoid annihilation. Thus, a high-energy accelerator of heavy nuclei provides an efficient means of producing and studying antimatter. The antimatter helium-4 nucleus (4He), also known as the anti-α (α), consists of two antiprotons and two antineutrons (baryon number B = -4). It has not been observed previously, although the α-particle was identified a century ago by Rutherford and is present in cosmic radiation at the ten per cent level. Antimatter nuclei with B?相似文献   

P＋^3H和^3He弹性散射中的夸克自由度

利用夸克－强子模型，计算了６００ＭｅＶ的质子在原子核＾３Ｈ和＾３Ｈｅ上的弹性散射，并与实验数据作了比较，结果表明，夸克自由度的引入，改善了传统核物理的计算，特别是在大动量转移区，并能很好地解释实验数据。     

Supersymmetric electroweak corrections to top pair production in photon-photon collision

We calculate the supersymmetric eletroweak correction of order am2t/m2w, which arise from loops of chargino, neutralino and squark,to top quark pair productions in high energy photon-photon collisions in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric model. We found that the cross section can be enhanced by 10% for top mass of 170 GeV and squark mass of 150 GeV. When squark mass gets larger,the corrections decrease rapidly.     

重子数守恒对净质子快度分布的影响

从相对论重离子碰撞的非均匀集体流理论出发,分别讨论AGS、SPS和RHIC能区的净质子分布特征.与以前计算净质子分布不同的是,考虑了在相对论重离子碰撞中重子数守恒,通过重子数守恒限制,可以对RHIC能区的净质子分布在远离中心区的快度分布进行预言.     

高能夸克在核环境中的能量损失

利用夸克能量损失公式和从轻子-原子核深度非弹性散射实验数据得到的束缚核子中的部分子分布函数,计算了FNAL E866 800 GeV的质子打击不同原子核的Drell-Yan过程截面比,发现考虑能量损失的计算结果与FNAL E866实验数据符合甚好.建议在利用核Drell-Yan过程实验数据抽取束缚核子内部分子分布函数时考虑能量损失效应.     

密度依赖口袋参数下奇异夸克物质的热力学关系及奇异星

在美国麻省理工学院(MIT)口袋模型的基础上采用密度依赖口袋参数,给出了奇异夸克物质正确的热力学关系,并研究了奇异物质及奇异星的性质.结果表明,密度依赖口袋常数下,奇异夸克物质的压强有一个附加项,而能量密度中则没有这样的附加项,从而保证了系统的热力学自洽性.热力学自洽情形下奇异夸克物质的状态方程比原来变软,相应的奇异星的引力质量和对应的半径均变小,说明密度依赖口袋常数下的新热力学关系对奇异物质及奇异星的性质有重要影响.