舰船火灾危险性评估方法

以火灾成长概率和火灾发生后的过火面积为评价指标,探讨舰艇火灾危险性等级评估方法.运用火灾动力学与统计理论耦舍的火灾风险评估方法,对舰船火灾危险性进行评估.依据火灾动力学和火灾发展过程中不同阶段的特点,将火灾由初期发展蔓延到整个防火分区的过程划分为4个阶段.使用概率Petri网对舰船火灾发生过程进行了建模,并在此基础上,建立了火灾发生过程概率计算的算法.根据不同阶段火灾的特点,求得了各阶段火灾的临界时间,并以此为基础对火灾发生后舰船舱室平均过火面积计算进行了研究.计算结果表明,该方法通过对火灾过火面积的计算判断出火灾的蔓延情况和对火灾控制较弱的设计环节.     

大空间建筑防火分区的设计方法研究——以厦门机场空运货站为例

根据我国现行建筑防火规范对空运货站进行防火分区设计无法满足其高效便捷的作业空间要求，因此需要探讨大空间建筑防火分区的设计方法．厦门机场空运货站拟采用美国国家防火协会标准“防火分隔带”的方法进行分区，为论证该设计方法的可行性，利用CFAST火灾模拟软件对空运货站从火灾危险性、火灾场景以及烟气流动状态预测等方面进行火灾模拟分析，研究结果表明采用“防火分隔带”对大空间建筑进行防火分区能够满足其防火功能要求．     

大型商场开敞空间防烟分区内烟气运动的模拟

针对大型商场火灾危险性严重的典型部位,运用数学模化和计算机模化的方法,采用双层区域模型,建立了开敞式空间防烟分区内烟气流动过程的数学模型和计算机模化软件CSMOKE.应用模拟系统对防烟分区内火灾初期的烟气流动情况,包括烟气的产生量、烟气层的温度以及烟气层厚度随时间的变化等进行预测,并对影响火灾发展主要因素的影响规律进行了研究.同时,分别以汽油油盘和标准试件为燃烧物开展了大型商场开敞空间防烟分区的实体火灾试验,获取了火灾和烟气运动的特性参数.模拟计算结果与实测结果的误差在20%以内.     

建筑中设置落地窗的火灾危险性及防火方法研究

本文通过对热烟气在建筑内流动状况的研究，分析其对落地窗建筑防火性能的影响，即落地窗由于受到热辐射作用而破裂，高温烟气由于浮力作用通过窗户向上流动对上层建筑窗户等构件进行热辐射，从而破坏了建筑的垂直防火分区引起火灾的蔓延。为了阻止室内火灾通过窗户等开口沿着建筑外墙蔓延，本文通过对建筑外墙设王挑檐和窗槛墙两种阻止火灾蔓延的方法的对比，论证设王挑檐对阻止火灾蔓延的可行性，并将主动防火和被动防火结合起来考虑，寻求解决落地窗建筑火灾危险性的方法。     

基于BIM-CFD的变压器防火墙火灾性能化设计

为了研究不同火源条件下变压器火灾的动力学过程以及防火墙对火灾的控制作用,根据已有的变压器火灾实验资料,结合建筑信息模型(Building Information Modelling,BIM),采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)数值模拟方法验证和分析了双火源、总热释放速率为15MW条件下,火灾烟气蔓延、温度分布变化及防火墙的防火功能.结果表明:McCaffrey经验公式计算火灾烟气浮力羽流区温度的精度较高;有无纵向水平风及防火墙对着火变压器相邻的变压器均具有保护作用,但会使得着火变压器上方的电缆所处区域温度升高,需验证电缆的耐火性能.研究结果对深入掌握变压器火灾动力学发展规律及防火墙的优化设计有重要作用,对装配式变电站的安全运营具有参考价值.     

空度在风诱导条件下舱室外表面压力分布模拟计算中的应用

在船舶火灾过程中，空气流动所引起舱室周围的压力的变化在决定外部烟气侵入速率及舱室内部烟气流动方面起着重要作用．本文在引入全空度概念的基础上，建立了计算舱室外表面压力分布的数学物理模型Ｆ３Ｄ，计算了在所选风速和风向条件下，代表模型舱室的阻挡物表面的压力分布，计算的结果与Ｋａｎｄｏｌａ实验数据进行了比较，两者相符很好     

通风控制下建筑物通道内火灾烟气运动的数值模拟

通风控制下的建筑物火灾具有很大危害性.对受通风控制的建筑物通道内的火灾烟气运动进行了数值模拟,给出了烟气温度、速度和组分质量分数的分布.将模拟结果与燃料控制下通道内火灾烟气运动的计算结果进行了对比,揭示了不同燃烧状况下通道内烟气运动与火蔓延的特点.     

某大型体育馆危险源辨识与性能化评估

针对某大型体育场馆建筑存在防火分区大、火灾危险性大的特点,通过热释放速率的分析,利用火灾模拟和火灾安全工程学原理对烟气蔓延和人员疏散进行模拟计算,得出可行性分析结果。     

浅谈地下商业街消防安全

地下商业街发生火灾以后能够产生大量的烟气,而且蔓延速度非常快,烟气的温度高、毒性大、浓度大、流动快,会造成重大的人员伤亡,本文就地下商业街的卷帘、防火分区、安全疏散、装修材料和防排烟等问题谈点粗浅的认识。     

防护工程火灾烟气分布特性模型实验

为讨论防护工程火灾时烟气分布特性,根据相似原理搭建了模型与实体比例为1∶4的模型实验台,进行了6个工况的模型实验,分析了火源单室内烟气温度分布规律以及烟气层高度特性,并对走廊内烟气顶棚最高温度及纵向衰减遵循的规律进行了研究。结果表明,火源单室水平方向温度分布不均匀,竖直方向温度分布可用"三区域"描述;与普通单室"双区域"模型不同,分段线性法比较适合于火源单室内烟气层高度计算;Alpert模型更适用于防护工程密闭防火分区走廊顶棚最高温度的预测,走廊内无量纲温度符合幂指数衰减规律。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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