磁场作用下海森堡模型的热纠缠传态

研究了均匀磁场作用下的两量子比特XXZ海森堡模型的热纠缠,并且以此热纠缠混合态作为量子信道传输两量子比特的纠缠纯态.计算出输出态的纠缠度和传态的平均保真度.讨论了温度、磁场、各向异性参数对纠缠度和平均保真度的影响.     

海森伯格XXZ模型的热纠缠

负值度(Negativity)是一种通用的纠缠度量,可方便地计算两体量子系统的纠缠度.利用负值度研究了两量子比特各向异性海森伯格XXZ模型的热纠缠,讨论了在热平衡时温度和外加磁场对热纠缠的影响.当温度小于临界温度时,热纠缠的大小依赖于外加磁场的强弱;当温度大于临界温度时,纠缠消失.     

海森伯格XXZ模型在不均匀磁场下的负值度

利用负值度(Negativity)研究了两量子比特各向异性海森伯格XXZ模型在外加不均匀磁场下的热纠缠.耦合系数越大,系统的纠缠度越大,临界温度越高.磁场越大,临界磁场越高,但系统的最大纠缠度却降低,且负值度随的绝对值的增大而减小.     

非均匀磁场作用下四量子比特海森堡自旋链中的热纠缠

研究在外加非均匀磁场作用下的四量子比特海森堡XX模型中的纠缠特性,并得到具有周期性边界条件系统中纠缠度量的解析表达.发现能得到较高的成对纠缠,这意味着系统中的磁不均匀性可以提高某些量子比特对的热纠缠度.     

均匀磁场作用下海森伯XXZ模型的热纠缠

分析了均匀磁场作用下2量子比特各向异性海森伯XXZ模型的热纠缠态,讨论了外加均匀磁场对XXZ模型的2种特殊情况即各向同性海森伯XY模型和各向同性海森伯XXZ模型的纠缠度的影响.对于一定的温度,耦合常数绝对值的增加能够增加纠缠度,但是纠缠度却随着温度的增加而减小,直到临界温度时纠缠度为0.当外加磁场强度大于一定值时,随着磁场强度的增加,纠缠度和临界温度相应增大.     

两量子比特海森堡XY模型中的热纠缠

研究外加非均匀磁场下包含交叉积项的两量子比特海森堡XY模型中的热纠缠,计算了纠缠度量:C.仔细讨论存在交叉积项时非均匀磁场对基态纠缠和热纠缠的影响.     

四比特伊辛模型在外磁场中的热纠缠

研究了四比特伊辛模型在X—Y平面外磁场作用下的热纠缠,得到了用Negativity定义的相邻和相间自旋之间热纠缠的解析形式.发现热纠缠随外磁场和温度的变化发生显著的变化.改变外磁场强度可以提高纠缠消失的临界温度.     

时变外磁场作用下海森堡模型的热力学纠缠

研究时变外磁场对海森堡模型的热力学纠缠.以两量子比特海森堡XX模型为例,得出时变外磁场加在单电子上的纠缠度解析表达式,并在此基础上进行数值计算,讨论温度对系统纠缠的影响.同时,分析在时变外磁场的影响下,纠缠度随时间演化发生周期性震荡的情况,以及时变磁场的磁场强度和关联强度对系统纠缠度的作用,进而通过调节外磁场和关联强度有效控制系统的纠缠.     

二量子比特混合态隐形传输保真度研究

针对二量子比特混合态系统,利用描述态的密度矩阵研究了CHSH违反、混合度与隐形传输保真度的关系。通过共生纠缠度确定了隐形传输保真度的上、下限。结果表明,二量子比特混合态在CHSH违反最大位置或混合度最小位置获得最大隐形传输保真度,并可以通过增加共生纠缠度来提高隐形传输保真度。     

基于一个三量子比特海森堡链的热纠缠研究

利用Concurrence判据研究了一个三比特海森堡链的热纠缠性质.研究发现,在有限温度下,纠缠瞬间产生的现象存在于近邻纠缠C12和次近邻纠缠C13的演化中,不同的是,C12的演化中始终存在纠缠瞬间产生的现象,而C13的演化只有当温度高于临界值Tc时,这种现象才能发生.其次,温度为定值时,C12的存在范围随磁场的增大而减小,而C13的存在范围随磁场的的增大保持不变.在温度趋于0的极限情况下,C12为零,而C13达到峰值,即次近邻比特间可获得最大纠缠.此外,磁场的增大拓宽了C12和C13存在的温度的取值范围,即通过调节磁场可在较高温度获得比特间纠缠.     

控制开放超导量子电路系统中的几何量子关联冻结和量子相干性

本文研究了开放超导量子电路系统中,含时电磁场对两超导量子比特间的几何量子关联和量子相干性的影响. 我们发现,加入磁场之后,几何量子关联被冻结的现象会出现,并且冻结的时间会随着含时电磁场的加入而得到延长. 利用迹距离的方法,我们探讨了含时电磁场对超导量子比特与环境之间量子信息流动的影响,我们发现含时电磁场可以抑制环境的影响,降低超导量子比特与环境之间的量子信息流动.     

Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance

Quantum information science involves the storage, manipulation and communication of information encoded in quantum systems, where the phenomena of superposition and entanglement can provide enhancements over what is possible classically. Large-scale quantum information processors require stable and addressable quantum memories, usually in the form of fixed quantum bits (qubits), and a means of transferring and entangling the quantum information between memories that may be separated by macroscopic or even geographic distances. Atomic systems are excellent quantum memories, because appropriate internal electronic states can coherently store qubits over very long timescales. Photons, on the other hand, are the natural platform for the distribution of quantum information between remote qubits, given their ability to traverse large distances with little perturbation. Recently, there has been considerable progress in coupling small samples of atomic gases through photonic channels, including the entanglement between light and atoms and the observation of entanglement signatures between remotely located atomic ensembles. In contrast to atomic ensembles, single-atom quantum memories allow the implementation of conditional quantum gates through photonic channels, a key requirement for quantum computing. Along these lines, individual atoms have been coupled to photons in cavities, and trapped atoms have been linked to emitted photons in free space. Here we demonstrate the entanglement of two fixed single-atom quantum memories separated by one metre. Two remotely located trapped atomic ions each emit a single photon, and the interference and detection of these photons signals the entanglement of the atomic qubits. We characterize the entangled pair by directly measuring qubit correlations with near-perfect detection efficiency. Although this entanglement method is probabilistic, it is still in principle useful for subsequent quantum operations and scalable quantum information applications.     

Controlled exchange interaction between pairs of neutral atoms in an optical lattice

Ultracold atoms trapped by light offer robust quantum coherence and controllability, providing an attractive system for quantum information processing and for the simulation of complex problems in condensed matter physics. Many quantum information processing schemes require the manipulation and deterministic entanglement of individual qubits; this would typically be accomplished using controlled, state-dependent, coherent interactions among qubits. Recent experiments have made progress towards this goal by demonstrating entanglement among an ensemble of atoms confined in an optical lattice. Until now, however, there has been no demonstration of a key operation: controlled entanglement between atoms in isolated pairs. Here we use an optical lattice of double-well potentials to isolate and manipulate arrays of paired (87)Rb atoms, inducing controlled entangling interactions within each pair. Our experiment realizes proposals to use controlled exchange coupling in a system of neutral atoms. Although 87Rb atoms have nearly state-independent interactions, when we force two atoms into the same physical location, the wavefunction exchange symmetry of these identical bosons leads to state-dependent dynamics. We observe repeated interchange of spin between atoms occupying different vibrational levels, with a coherence time of more than ten milliseconds. This observation demonstrates the essential component of a neutral atom quantum SWAP gate (which interchanges the state of two qubits). Its 'half-implementation', the root SWAP gate, is entangling, and together with single-qubit rotations it forms a set of universal gates for quantum computation.     

海森堡自旋链中纠缠的双向传输

提出了一种利用开放海森堡铁磁自旋链为信道双向传输量子纠缠的方案．通过对量子信道施加静态磁场．可以实现自旋链两端纠缠的周期性交换．经过一个交换周期的时间演化后,原本属于孤立量子比特和自旋链某一末端粒子之间的纠缠会转换成该量子比特和自旋链另一末端粒子之间的纠缠．分析了交换行为和自旋链长度、磁场、耦合强度、各向异性常数之间的关系．并讨论了由4个粒子构成的简单系统中类似的纠缠交换行为。     

双模压缩库场驱动下两个二能级原子的纠缠性质

研究了分别含有一个原子的两个非局域的压缩库间初始通过纠缠光关联起来的体系的纠缠演化性质,讨论了该性质与原子初态等因素的关系和规律.结果表明:两个分离的一般压缩库间,两个原子间的纠缠度会随时间的演化出现纠缠死亡和恢复的现象.纠缠随时间的演化最终都会趋于一个稳定的值,而且是同一个值,同样与原子初态无关.     

伊辛模型中的纠缠动力学

伊辛模型是最简单的海森堡模型,对该模型中纠缠的研究将极大地推动固态量子计算机的发展.在考虑系统相位消相干的基础上,研究了带有Dzyaloshinski-Moriya(DM)相互作用的两量子比特伊辛链中的纠缠动力学问题后发现:相位消相干和DM相互作用对纠缠的影响依赖于系统初态的形式.对某些初态来说,系统纠缠始终不变;对另外一些初态来说,系统纠缠随时间振荡并逐渐减小,增加DM相互作用将减小纠缠和振荡周期,增加相位消相干率也将减小纠缠,但振荡周期不变.     

Coherent dynamics of a flux qubit coupled to a harmonic oscillator

In the emerging field of quantum computation and quantum information, superconducting devices are promising candidates for the implementation of solid-state quantum bits (qubits). Single-qubit operations, direct coupling between two qubits and the realization of a quantum gate have been reported. However, complex manipulation of entangled states-such as the coupling of a two-level system to a quantum harmonic oscillator, as demonstrated in ion/atom-trap experiments and cavity quantum electrodynamics-has yet to be achieved for superconducting devices. Here we demonstrate entanglement between a superconducting flux qubit (a two-level system) and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The latter provides the measurement system for detecting the quantum states; it is also an effective inductance that, in parallel with an external shunt capacitance, acts as a harmonic oscillator. We achieve generation and control of the entangled state by performing microwave spectroscopy and detecting the resultant Rabi oscillations of the coupled system.     

Observation of entanglement between a single trapped atom and a single photon

An outstanding goal in quantum information science is the faithful mapping of quantum information between a stable quantum memory and a reliable quantum communication channel. This would allow, for example, quantum communication over remote distances, quantum teleportation of matter and distributed quantum computing over a 'quantum internet'. Because quantum states cannot in general be copied, quantum information can only be distributed in these and other applications by entangling the quantum memory with the communication channel. Here we report quantum entanglement between an ideal quantum memory--represented by a single trapped 111Cd+ ion--and an ideal quantum communication channel, provided by a single photon that is emitted spontaneously from the ion. Appropriate coincidence measurements between the quantum states of the photon polarization and the trapped ion memory are used to verify their entanglement directly. Our direct observation of entanglement between stationary and 'flying' qubits is accomplished without using cavity quantum electrodynamic techniques or prepared non-classical light sources. We envision that this source of entanglement may be used for a variety of quantum communication protocols and for seeding large-scale entangled states of trapped ion qubits for scalable quantum computing.     

Preparation and measurement of three-qubit entanglement in a superconducting circuit

Traditionally, quantum entanglement has been central to foundational discussions of quantum mechanics. The measurement of correlations between entangled particles can have results at odds with classical behaviour. These discrepancies grow exponentially with the number of entangled particles. With the ample experimental confirmation of quantum mechanical predictions, entanglement has evolved from a philosophical conundrum into a key resource for technologies such as quantum communication and computation. Although entanglement in superconducting circuits has been limited so far to two qubits, the extension of entanglement to three, eight and ten qubits has been achieved among spins, ions and photons, respectively. A key question for solid-state quantum information processing is whether an engineered system could display the multi-qubit entanglement necessary for quantum error correction, which starts with tripartite entanglement. Here, using a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture, we demonstrate deterministic production of three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states with fidelity of 88 per cent, measured with quantum state tomography. Several entanglement witnesses detect genuine three-qubit entanglement by violating biseparable bounds by 830?±?80 per cent. We demonstrate the first step of basic quantum error correction, namely the encoding of a logical qubit into a manifold of GHZ-like states using a repetition code. The integration of this encoding with decoding and error-correcting steps in a feedback loop will be the next step for quantum computing with integrated circuits.