注入温度对火箭动力复合热载体吞吐效果影响

针对大庆萨北过渡带,在模拟实际油藏条件下开展复合热载体吞吐室内试验研究。结果表明：该油田进行复合热载体吞吐可取得较好的开采效果。复合热载体吞吐中,随着注入温度增加,采收率、含水率增加,生产油气比降低。第3周期开始当温度达到280℃后,采收率开始下降;随着吞吐周期增加,采收率、含水率增加,生产油气比变化不大。三个周期后采收率、含水率降低,生产气油比增加。通过不同吞吐温度、五个周期的吞吐效果比较,复合热载体注入280℃的吞吐效果比较好,吞吐3周期。     

大庆萨北过渡带复合热载体吞吐适应性研究

 大庆萨北过渡带已进入高含水期并且产量递减速度较快,在模拟地层条件下,进行了不同焖井时间的复合热载体吞吐室内实验。通过对复合热载体吞吐的采收率、含水率、生产气油比等指标进行评价,探索了该油藏进行复合热载体吞吐开采的可行性。结果表明：复合热载体吞吐对于开采该油藏具有非常好的效果,但其效果与焖井时间、吞吐周期有关。复合热载体吞吐焖井时间太短或过长效果都比较差。在同样条件下,复合热载体吞吐焖井时间增加,含水率、气油比降低,当焖井时间达到一定时间后,含水率、气油比增加。随着吞吐周期增加,采收率降低,含水率、气油比增加。对于大庆萨北过渡带,焖井时间为150 s 时效果最好,吞吐3 个周期。     

低渗透油藏复合热载体吞吐效果分析

低渗透油藏的纯烟道气吞吐效果不好,而烟道气和水蒸气组成的复合热载体对开采低渗透油藏具有较好的效果,但复合热载体在吞吐过程中注入能力却低于烟道气。为确定影响复合热载体注入能力的因素,在模拟低渗透油藏条件下,利用填充管岩心模型进行室内试验研究。实验结果表明:复合热载体在人造岩心和天然岩心的采收率高于烟道气,平均每周期分别高出0.39%、0.43%;由于水锁现象,复合热载体在人造岩心吞吐过程中的注入能力与烟道气相比降低了14.59%;复合热载体在天然岩心吞吐中,由于水敏原因,注入能力降低10.22%。     

注氮气改善稠油蒸汽吞吐后期开采效果

蒸汽吞吐后期随着地层能量枯竭和井筒周围含油饱和度减少,周期含水升高,油气比下降,开采效益变差。注氮气是改善稠油蒸汽吞吐后期开采效果的有效途径,其主要增产机理是增加蒸汽波及体积,补充驱动能量,进一步降低残余油饱和度和提高回采水率。模拟研究表明,在吞吐后期宜采取先注氮气、后注蒸汽的注入方式,并且存在一个优化的周期注氮量。     

鄂尔多斯盆地长7页岩储层长岩心注水实验

为了探索页岩储层有效注水方式，采用鄂尔多斯盆地长7页岩露头分别制作长度近100cm、直径近10cm长岩心12个，通过室内实验研究了长岩心连续注水、脉冲注水、不稳定注水、周期注水、水平井注水吞吐及常规井注水吞吐的采出情况。结果表明，在相同的采出程度下，连续驱替含水率最高，间注间采的周期注水方式含水率最低；最终采出程度间注间采的周期注水方式最高，为35.24%，连续注水最低，为28.35%。在相同轮次下，注入压力越高，注水吞吐采出程度越高，最高值为5.08%；在一定吞吐压力下，第一轮次采出程度最高，随着轮次增加，单轮次采出程度大幅下降，第三轮次降幅可达82.61%；水平井注水吞吐效果优于常规井注水吞吐。较高的注水压力，有利于获得较高的采出程度；压力变化幅度大有利于启动微小孔隙中的原油，提高原油采收率。注水吞吐由于缺乏能量连续补充，采出程度比周期注水低约30%。     

烟气-蒸汽辅助重力泄油模拟技术

采用加拿大CMG软件公司的CMG-STARS模拟器,对烟气-蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术中烟气在蒸汽腔中的运移规律进行数值模拟。研究烟气注入后蒸汽腔的扩展速度及形态变化规律,分析含油饱和度、黏度、压力、温度的变化规律。在优化的注入参数下,对烟气-蒸汽辅助重力泄油和常规蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)技术的开发效果进行对比。研究结果表明:优化的蒸汽注入温度为280℃、注入速度为150 m3/d、烟气与蒸汽比为1.0。在优化的注入参数下,烟气-蒸汽辅助重力泄油比SAGD的累积采油量提高2.0 kt,采收率提高7%,油气比增加0.7%。烟气-蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术的开发效果更好。     

复杂小断块油藏氮气吞吐数值模拟

针对江苏陈堡油田陈2西断块的地质条件和开发现状,在压力-体积-温度试验和相态拟合的基础上,应用油藏数值模拟技术,分析产液量、周期注入量、注入速度、焖井时间和吞吐周期对吞吐效果的影响.结果表明:产液速度和周期注入量对氮气吞吐效果的影响较大,并存在最佳的产液速度和周期注入量;氮气吞吐增油量和换油率第1周期最高,第3周期以后换油率明显下降,氮气吞吐以2～3个周期为宜;在地层条件和设备允许的情况下,增加注入速度有利于提高油井产量.     

深层低渗透砂砾岩油藏注CO2吞吐提高采收率实验研究

深层低渗透砂砾岩油藏地层天然能量较低，压裂后产能递减较快，并且由于地层水敏性以及非均质性较强，采取注水开发的效果较差，采出程度较低。为进一步提高此类油藏的开发效率，开展了注CO₂吞吐提高采收率实验研究，分析了生产压力、焖井时间、吞吐周期以及岩心渗透率对吞吐采收率的影响，并结合核磁共振分析实验研究了CO₂吞吐微观孔隙动用特征。结果表明：生产压力越低、焖井时间越长，吞吐采收率越高；随着吞吐周期的增加，周期吞吐采收率和换油率均逐渐降低；岩心的渗透率越大，不同周期的吞吐采收率就越高；注CO₂吞吐的最佳生产压力为26 MPa,最佳焖井时间为8 h,最佳吞吐周期为5次。岩心的孔隙结构对CO₂吞吐过程中原油的微观动用特征影响较为明显，大孔隙发育较少、物性较差的岩心，吞吐初期主要动用大孔隙中的原油，而吞吐后期采收率的贡献主要来自小孔隙，此类岩心整体采出程度较低；而对于大孔隙发育较多、物性较好的岩心，大孔隙中原油的动用程度一直高于小孔隙，并且总体采出程度较高。S-1Y井实施注CO₂吞吐措施后，日...     

自生CO2结合表面活性剂复合吞吐数值模拟*

层内自生CO2吞吐是低渗小断块油田提高采收率的新型技术,既发挥了CO2混相或非混相驱油机理又解决CO2气源和注入过程井筒腐蚀等问题。针对目前自生CO2以及结合表面活性剂复合吞吐的参数优化研究很少等情况,探索了应用化学驱、热采模型对层内自生CO2以及注入表面活性剂的操作工艺参数进行优化的方法。基于某实际低渗透油藏单井径向模型和室内自生CO2及表面活性剂实验测试结果,在对流体相态、自生CO2过程、表面活性剂驱相关参数及生产动态拟合的基础上,开展生气剂注入量、生气剂浓度、注入速度、关井时间、采液强度对复合吞吐效果影响的模拟研究。结果显示,生气剂注入量、注入浓度和采液强度对复合吞吐效果影响较大,并且存在最佳的取值范围,其中：最佳生气剂量为200～250 t、摩尔分数为3.0%～5.0%、采液强度为7 m3/d;适当增加注入速度和延长关井时间有助于提高吞吐效果。该研究对于自生CO2复合吞吐的优化以及该技术在小断块低渗油藏提高采收率领域的推广应用具有重要意义。     

超稠油掺稀油开采实验及数值模拟研究

蒸汽吞吐是增加稠油产量的一种经济而有效的方法,但该方法存在热损失大等问题,使注汽效果达不到预期的目的.采用在注蒸汽过程中向地层掺入稀油的方法来降低地层稠油的粘度,实验研究了超稠油掺稀油后粘度的变化,并按非线性混合方法计算了稠油与稀油混合后的粘度.通过数值模拟,考察了掺稀油的注入量、注入方式、注入时机、注稀油后的生产时间等参数对开发效果的影响.结果表明,在掺稀油开发超稠油的过程中,焖井结束后可适当延长生产时间,以增加周期产油量;掺稀油的最佳注入时机应选在第3或第4周期开始;周期注入稀油的量为10～15 m3,在此范围内,换油率较大;稀油的注入方式按2～3个段塞注入比较合适.注汽过程中掺稀油的方法可在很大程度上改善超稠油的开发效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with