超细氰化尾渣中铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质

山东某冶炼厂氰化尾渣无法实现铜铅分选,通过XRD、激光粒度仪、浮选实验、FTIR、SEM-EDS、金相显微镜等方法,研究了氰化尾渣铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质.结果表明,渣中主要矿物为方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿,粒度小于38μm质量分数为95.61%.氰化尾渣中的方铅矿和黄铜矿表面含有大量油状物,此油状物被证明是机械润滑油.黄铜矿表面吸附大量润滑油,造成黄铜矿无法被氰化物抑制.细颗粒方铅矿通过疏水作用力包裹在黄铜矿表面,导致铜铅无法分选.     

磨矿介质对方铅矿氰化浸出行为的影响

以氧化锆及普通铸铁研磨球为球磨介质,采用化学法和分析测试技术系统研究了磨矿介质对方铅矿氰化浸出过程中矿浆和界面性质变化的影响.结果表明:与铁球介质相比,瓷球介质的使用能够降低NaCN的消耗,同时减少SCN^-的产生,溶解氧含量明显较高.通过扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散光谱(SEM-EDS)与X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对方铅矿表面形貌及元素组成分析,发现铁介质导致方铅矿表面形成了更多的含氧絮凝体FeOOH和Fe₂(SO₄)₃.结合接触角测试结果发现,使用铁球介质磨矿的方铅矿表面因为铁屑的附着呈亲水性质;且由于氰化作用,方铅矿亲水性增加,不利于后续的浮选回收.     

黄铜矿-方铅矿浮选分离的电化学研究

选用双氧水作抑制剂,实现了人工和现厂的铜-铅混合精矿的选择性浮选分离。通过矿浆电位测量和循环伏安曲线测定,详细地研究了双氧水的抑制机理。研究结果表明,双氧水能够氧化分解方铅矿表面的乙基黄原酸铅,但未能氧化黄铜矿表面的双黄药,由此造成双氧水作用的选择性。     

金精矿氰化尾渣铅和铜的回收

采用优先浮选铅、再活化浮选铜的工艺流程对某金精矿氰化尾渣铅、铜回收进行研究. 闭路实验表明:石灰作抑制剂,乙硫氮(二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠)和丁基黄药(丁基黄原酸钠)作捕收剂,通过"一粗两扫两精"流程,得到回收率为90.48%、品位为45.24%的合格铅精矿;以NP(铜、锌无机盐组合药剂)作铜活化剂,有机抑制剂FM抑制黄铁矿,Z-200(O-异丙基-N-乙基硫逐氨基甲酸酯)和丁铵黑药(二丁基二硫代磷酸铵)作捕收剂,采用"一粗两扫两精"流程,得到回收率为82.17%、品位为19.28%的合格铜精矿;金、银同时富集于铅精矿和铜精矿.     

2，3-二羟基丙基二硫代碳酸钠对铜铅硫化矿浮选行为的影响

在乙硫氮浮选体系下,研究了小分子有机抑制剂2,3-二羟基丙基二硫代碳酸钠(SGX)对黄铜矿和方铅矿可浮性的影响,并通过动电位测试和红外光谱分析,探讨了SGX与两种矿物表面的相互作用机理.单矿物浮选试验结果表明:在整个pH值范围内,SGX对黄铜矿的浮选有一定的促进作用,而对方铅矿有强的抑制作用;随着SGX质量浓度的增加,方铅矿的回收率迅速下降,而黄铜矿的回收率有小幅度的增加.人工混合矿浮选试验结果表明,当矿浆pH值为6,SGX质量浓度为19g/L时,可得到较好的分离效果,精矿中铜的质量分数和回收率分别为2966%和8523%.动电位和红外光谱测试分析结果表明SGX与方铅矿之间的吸附能力明显强于黄铜矿.     

不同成因类型黄铜矿细菌浸出钝化

利用嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌为浸矿菌种,采用SEM,XRD和XPS等手段研究2种不同成因类型黄铜矿(黄铁矿型和斑岩型)表面钝化机理.研究结果表明:2种类型黄铜矿表面形成的钝化层性质不同.黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸渣中产生S8和硫砷铜矿,其表面结构疏松;而斑岩型黄铜矿浸渣中出现Cu18.32Fe15.9S32和Cu2S,表面结构致密.黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸渣表面阻碍层为硫及其多聚物,斑岩型黄铜矿浸渣表面为富铜贫铁层.它们阻碍黄铜矿的继续浸出,且富铜贫铁层对黄铜矿的钝化能力强于硫层对黄铜矿的钝化能力.     

鞣酸对方铅矿及黄铁矿的抑制作用

通过浮选试验发现有机抑制剂鞣酸能强烈抑制方铅矿和黄铁矿的浮选而对黄铜矿浮选影响较小.通过吸附量、紫外光谱、循环伏安扫描及交流阻抗法研究了鞣酸对方铅矿和黄铁矿的抑制机理.结果表明:鞣酸吸附在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面,增大了矿物表面的法拉第反应电阻;鞣酸能够影响乙基黄药在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面的电化学反应,阻碍部分乙基黄药在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面吸附.鞣酸本身的亲水性以及能够减少乙基黄药在矿物表面疏水产物的生成,是鞣酸能够强烈抑制黄铁矿及方铅矿浮选的原因.     

金银铜多金属黄铁矿烧渣综合回收试验研究

根据黄铁矿烧渣的物理、化学性质特征,完成了多金属综合回收试验.结果表明:烧渣组成以氧化铁为主,并含有贵金属及有色金属,部分金、银、铜包裹于黄铁矿等硫化物中,而锌主要以铁酸锌形式存在.对烧渣进行氰化浸出,在试样未磨情况下,采用石灰调节矿浆pH=10～11、矿浆浓度35%、浸出时间24 h、氰化钠耗量6 kg.t-1的试验条件,可以获得金、银浸出率分别为67.25%、60.08%;采用浮选法处理烧渣可获得金品位8.66 g.t-1、回收率为37.82%的浮选产品,其中银品位和回收率分别为100.3 g.t-1、20.26%;对浮选尾矿直接进行氰化浸出,可获得金、银浸出率分别为96.85%、70.08%.     

新型二烷基黄原酸酯捕收剂DIDTC浮选机理

合成了一种活性二烷基黄原酸酯捕收剂——S-十二烷基,O-异丙基-黄原酸酯(DIDTC)并将其用于浮选分离黄铜矿和黄铁矿.浮选实验结果表明DIDTC具有比丁基黄药更好的选择性,紫外可见光谱证明DIDTC对铜离子比铁离子具有更强的吸附性.采用红外光谱和吸附实验研究了DIDTC对黄铜矿表面的吸附机理,实验结果表明在碱性环境中DIDTC可能通过其分子中的S原子和O原子同时与黄铜矿表面的铜原子发生了键合,并在浓度较高时形成多层吸附.另外,还采用普遍微扰理论和基于GGA/PW91作为交换相关函的密度泛函计算对上述结果进行了捕收剂的构效关系分析.     

不同类型黄铜矿的生物浸出研究

研究了两种不同类型(黄铁矿型,斑岩型)黄铜矿生物浸出的差异.实验结果表明:两类黄铜矿生物浸出差别很大,48 d后黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸出率为46.96%,斑岩型黄铜矿浸出率为14.5%.对Fe2+、矿物表面Cu2p谱图和矿床特征的分析发现:适量的Fe2+能促进黄铜矿的浸出,但最佳用量不一样;浸渣表面产物不同,斑岩型黄铜矿表面出现富铜层,阻碍了浸出继续进行;与原矿相比,铜结合能都降低,符合Hiroyoshi等提出黄铜矿浸出的两步溶解模型;两类黄铜矿生物浸出的差异是由成矿岩体、围岩、伴生矿物和元素、成矿温度和压力等因素综合决定的.     

硫化矿无捕收剂浮选

本文报道了不加巯基类捕收剂,在实验室和工业回路中实现了硫化铜矿石的浮选。按天然可浮性、自诱导浮选和硫诱导浮选,研究和讨论硫化矿无捕收剂浮选的不同机理,提出了无捕收剂浮选分离硫化矿混合矿的新设想。     

Slime coating of kaolinite on chalcopyrite in saline water flotation

In saline water flotation, the salinity can cause a distinguishable slime coating of clay minerals on chalcopyrite particles through its effect on their electrical double layers in aqueous solutions. In this work, kaolinite was used as a representative clay mineral for studying slime coating during chalcopyrite flotation. The flotation of chalcopyrite in the presence and absence of kaolinite in tap water, seawater, and gypsum-saturated water and the stability of chalcopyrite and kaolinite particles in slurries are presented. Zeta-potential distributions and scanning electron microscopy images were used to characterize and explain the different slime coating degrees and the different flotation performances. Kaolinite particles induced slime coating on chalcopyrite surfaces and reduced chalcopyrite floatability to the greatest extent when the pH value was in the alkaline range. At 0.24wt% of kaolinite, the chalcopyrite floatability was depressed by more than 10% at alkaline pH levels in tap water. Salinity in seawater and gypsum-saturated water compressed the electrical double layers and resulted in extensive slime coating.     

Flotation separation of arsenopyrite from several sulphide minerals with organic depressants

In this paper, the separation of arsenopyrite from chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena with organic depressants （guergum and sodium humic ） was discussed, and the functioning mechanism of those organic depressants was discussed. The experimental results of monomineral flotation indicated that both guergum and sodium humic have depressing effect on arsenopyrite in the presence of ethyl xanthate. Guergum and sodium humic showed different depressing ability to pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena, and the higher the pH value in pulp, the stronger the depressing ability. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometric study showed that the adsorption layer of xanthate on surface of minerals had been desorhed by the two organic depressants, and the selective desorption of the collector layer was found from different minerals. The xanthate cover on minerals surface was set free when dosage of the organic depressants was high enough. For artificially-mixed minerals, the separation of arsenopyrite from other sulphides was successfully realized by controlling dosage of the organic depressants. And sodium humic had been concentrates in a commercial Lead-Zinc concentrator.     

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat(CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum(FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat(CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.     

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat (CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum (FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat (CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.     

Selective depression mechanism of ferric chromium lignin sulfonate for chalcopyrite–galena flotation separation

Selective recovery of chalcopyrite–galena ore by flotation remains a challenging issue. The development of highly efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly depressants for this flotation is necessary because most of available reagents (e.g., K₂Cr₂O₄) are expensive and adversely affect the environment. In this study, ferric chromium lignin sulfonate (FCLS), which is a waste-product from the paper and pulp industry, was introduced as a selective depressant for galena with butyl xanthate (BX) as a collector. Results show that the residue recovery of Pb in Cu concentrate was substantially reduced to 4.73% using FCLS compared with 10.71% using the common depressant K₂Cr₂O₄. The underlying mechanisms were revealed using zeta-potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Zeta-potential measurements revealed that FCLS was more efficiently absorbed onto galena than onto chalcopyrite. XPS measurements further suggested that FCLS enhanced the surface oxidation of galena but prevented that of chalcopyrite. Thus, FCLS could be a potential candidate as a depressant for chalcopyrite–galena flotation because of its low cost and its lack of detrimental effects on the environment.     

利用自动解离分析方法研究硫化铜尾矿的矿物学特征:谦比希铜矿尾矿的实例研究

As ore grades constantly decline, more copper tailings, which still contain a considerable amount of unrecovered copper, are expected to be produced as a byproduct of froth flotation. This research reveals the occurrence mechanism of copper minerals in typical copper sulfide tailings using quantitative mineral liberation analysis (MLA) integrated with scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). A comprehensive mineralogical characterization was carried out, and the results showed that almost all copper minerals were highly disseminated within coarse gangue particles, except for 9.2wt% chalcopyrite that occurred in the 160–180 μm size fraction. The predominant copper-bearing mineral was chalcopyrite, which was closely intergrown with orthoclase and muscovite rather than quartz. The flotation tailings sample still contained 3.28wt% liberated chalcopyrite and 3.13wt% liberated bornite because of their extremely fine granularity. The SEM–EDS analysis further demonstrated that copper minerals mainly occurred as fine dispersed and fully enclosed structures in gangue minerals. The information obtained from this research could offer useful references for recovering residual copper from flotation tailings.