聚丙烯醇做土壤改良剂研究：老化与作用力分析

聚烯醇可生物分解且无毒性，可做为土壤改良剂。其在土壤中受温度、紫外线影响而老化的问题为本研究的一部份。以加热及UV处理PVA膜与PVA与SiO2混合物。样品以FT-IR光谱了解其劣化情况。PVA膜与土壤之作用力则以原子力显微镜量测其力曲线与观察表面变化。此外PVA与SiO2混合物则以SEM观察其受热与受UV处理的结果。     

PVA/SiO_2/HMDS薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术在玻璃基片表面构筑聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维网膜,以正硅酸丁酯(TEOS)为硅源,通过气相沉积法向PVA纳米纤维网膜间隙中引入SiO2纳米粒子。然后以六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)为修饰剂,对玻璃基片表面PVA/SiO2膜进行疏水改性,从而降低其表面能。利用扫描电镜(SEM),静态水接触角(WCA)等测试手段对在玻璃表面制备的PVA/SiO2/HMDS薄膜进行了表征。结果显示,处理过的玻璃基片具有较高的粗糙度,表面水接触角(WCA)达135.7°,表明其具有很好的疏水性能。而且制备的薄膜疏水性能稳定,耐磨性能好,能够保持较好的透明性。因此在高档室外墙体、汽车挡风玻璃、眼镜片等领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

PVA/SiO2/HMDS薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术在玻璃基片表面构筑聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维网膜,以正硅酸丁酯(TEOS)为硅源,通过气相沉积法向PVA纳米纤维网膜间隙中引入SiO2纳米粒子。然后以六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)为修饰剂,对玻璃基片表面PVA/SiO2膜进行疏水改性,从而降低其表面能。利用扫描电镜(SEM),静态水接触角(WCA)等测试手段对在玻璃表面制备的PVA/SiO2/HMDS薄膜进行了表征。结果显示,处理过的玻璃基片具有较高的粗糙度,表面水接触角(WCA)达135.7°,表明其具有很好的疏水性能。而且制备的薄膜疏水性能稳定,耐磨性能好,能够保持较好的透明性。因此在高档室外墙体、汽车挡风玻璃、眼镜片等领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

稳定剂对乳化沥青蒸发残留物性能的影响

通过测定乳化沥青蒸发残留物15℃延度、25℃针入度、软化点、黏温性、四组分分布以及薄膜烘箱试验(TFOT)老化前后60℃动力黏度比、针入度比和软化点增量,考察纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)3种稳定剂对乳化沥青蒸发残留物性能和乳化沥青蒸发残留物TFOT老化前后性能变化的影响。结果表明:3种稳定剂可显著降低蒸发残留物延度,当w(SiO2)=0～1.2%、w(HEC)=0～0.18%、w(PVA)=0～0.18%时,延度呈明显下降趋势,且降低幅度由大到小为加入SiO2、HEC、PVA;针入度受w(SiO2)影响较大,随w(SiO2)的增大呈明显下降趋势,而受w(HEC)和w(PVA)的影响不大;在60～110℃内,黏度随w(SiO2)增大而增大,w(HEC)和w(PVA)对黏度影响不大;3种稳定剂对软化点及四组分分布影响不明显;乳化沥青蒸发残留物老化前后60℃动力黏度比、软化点增量和针入度比受w(SiO2)影响较大,随w(SiO2)的增大分别呈现下降、下降和增大趋势,而受w(HEC)和w(PVA)的影响不大。     

聚乙烯醇渗透汽化分离膜的研究进展

在描述聚乙烯醇(PVA)成膜工艺制取不同类型的分离膜以及PVA膜的改性处理技术的基础上,给出了PVA膜渗透汽化(PV)分离有机物/水、有机物/有机物混合物的性能,讨论了交联剂、复合膜的支撑膜、高分子网络结构等对膜分离性能的影响,并分析了PV操作参数如料液浓度、操作温度等对分离性能的影响。提出了PVA膜在今后研究开发中的3个方向。     

PVA基碱性复合聚合物电解质的制备及其性能

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、丙三醇(GROL)、SiO2、KOH为原料,采用溶液浇铸法制备PVA基碱性复合聚合物电解质(ASPE)膜.运用交流阻抗法、循环伏安法、X线衍射和红外光谱等技术表征其性能.研究结果表明:添加增塑剂GROL后体系的电化学稳定窗口及力学性能有所降低,在具备良好机械强度前提下,适量GROL的加入可以显著提高体系的离子电导率;PVA/SiO2/KOH/H2O ASPE显示了良好的电化学性能和力学性能,当SiO2添加量为7%(质量分数)时,碱性聚合物电解质的室温离子电导率达到最高14.56×10-3 S/cm,与纯PVA/KOH相比提高了1个数量级;电化学稳定窗口为2.4V,50次循环后窗口大小基本不变.     

渗透汽化法复合膜分离乙醇/水的研究

以脱乙酰化度为77．5％的壳聚糖为原料，分别将CS膜，CSA／PAN膜，CS－PVA／PAN膜用于乙醇／水混合物的分离，研究了原料组成，温度，膜厚等的影响，结果表明，这些膜均具有良好的分离性能，其中CS－PVA／PAN膜具有最优的渗透选择性。     

PVA水凝胶的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料合成了PVA水凝胶膜,同时以水杨酸(SA)为抗菌剂合成了具有抗菌作用的PVA/SA水凝胶膜,表征了其结构与性能,发现其透明度均达95％以上,在15℃时,纯PVA水凝胶溶胀度达33.64％以上,加入SA后溶胀度为29.66％.这两种膜具有一定的透气性,其透气系数均在0.4～0.5 m2/S·kPa之间,两种膜没有抗紫外线性能,紫外线透过率均高达95％以上.PVA/SA水凝胶膜抗菌性远远优于PVA水凝胶.考察了PVA水凝胶膜和PVA膜的缓释性能,发现PVA水凝胶膜的药物释放速度相对于PVA膜而言,释放速度更加平稳,明显优于PVA膜的缓释性能.     

离子液体中丝素/聚乙烯醇共混膜的制备及表征

采用离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑（BMIMCl）溶解丝素（SF）,获得BMIMCl/SF溶液,再与聚乙烯醇（PVA）水溶液共混,制备得到PVA/SF共混膜。共混膜经红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、对水接触角、拉力试验等表征。结果表明,溶液共混使共混膜中SF与PVA发生了化学键键合,乙醇处理使共混膜中SF主要以β-折叠结构存在。随着SF含量的增加,共混膜的透光率逐渐变小,亲水性则逐渐增大。     

UV固化有机硅/SiO2杂化涂料的制备及性能

以正硅酸乙酯和常用的有机硅为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了可紫外光(UV)固化的有机硅/SiO2杂化涂料.研究了有机硅用量对杂化漆膜性能的影响,并用FTIR和固体29Si-NMR对杂化涂料进行了表征,测定了UV固化C C的转化率和硅氧烷的缩聚度.结果表明:杂化涂料的有机与无机网络间以共价键的方式结合,在UV固化240 s时双键转化率可达81.0%,硅氧烷的平均缩聚度为89.5%;由于采用了改进的溶胶-凝胶法,在高度交联的SiO2网络结构中引入线性Si O Si链段,使得漆膜既有高硬度又有良好的柔韧性,当TEOS/MPTMS/DDS摩尔比为6∶2∶3时膜的综合性能最佳.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~