菠萝叶碱法制浆及漂白工艺的研究

研究了菠萝叶的纤维形态及化学成分,比较了菠萝叶的硫酸盐法和烧碱法制浆工艺,同时探讨了浆料的漂白性能．试验结果表明,菠萝叶是一种良好的长纤维造纸原料,其碱法浆性能好,利用次氯酸盐二段漂白可使浆的白度达到７０％．     

A NEW FAST-GROWING RAW MATERIAL FOR PULP PAPERMAKING-GUANGYECHU

A new pulp papermaking raw material, Guangyechu,is introduced in this paper, including material characteristics and ultilization of bast, wood pole and leaf. The fiber morphological characteristics,chemical composition of wood pole and feasibility of pulping and papermaking by APMP process are studied in the laboratory. The results show that wood pole can be put to use in papermaking industry. The APMP pulp is produced using 5.2% sodium hydroxide and 5.0% hydrogen peroxide. The novel technology has offered breaking length of 4.74km,tearing index 3.08mN @m2 @g-1, brightness of 71.6%ISO, bursting index 2.07 KPa@m2@ g-1, opacity 84.5%and yield of 75.7%. As a pulp for newsprint, offset point paper and information paper, the Guangyechu APMP shows its advantages both quality and cost-efficienty. It is significative to apply the pole of Guangyechu, which is only firing at present to the paper industry.     

云南松-蓝桉混合浆漂白的研究

改进的硫酸盐蒸煮浆比常规硫酸盐浆有较好的漂白性，在相同的漂白工艺条件下，改进的硫酸盐蒸煮浆比常规硫酸盐浆所用的化学药品少而成浆白度高。用改良硫酸盐法制得的浆比常规硫酸盐法制得的浆易漂；用氧碱次氯酸钠漂白，蓝桉比例大的成浆白度高，比例少的白度较差，且氧碱次氯酸钠漂白比常规次氯酸钠漂白成浆白度可提高2～3倍；过氧化物H2O2的漂白过程聚合度下降较少，很适合强煮弱漂的制浆工艺，成浆白度与次氯酸钠相差不大，但可减少污染。用蓝桉60％的混合材制的浆粕，进行纺丝验证试验，纺丝的各种性能好，能纺出质量较好的粘胶纤维。     

PEROXIDE BLEACHING OF LOW-FREENESS TMP

Peroxide bleaching is an essential unit operation to produce value-added mechanical pulp-based paper grade. In this paper, we presented the results from peroxide bleaching of low-freeness TMP for the production of SC paper. Two aspects were addressed; the effect of pulp strength and the formation of anionic trashes. The strength properties,such as tensile, burst and zero-span tensile, are improved after the peroxide bleaching process. The amount of anionic trashes formed is almost proportional to the hydrogen peroxide charge.     

竹子化机浆漂白工艺及其机理

 竹子作为一种重要的非木材制浆造纸资源,具有生长周期短、储量大及成本低等优点,但是其成浆存在白度低、白度稳定性差、易返黄、废液硅含量高难处理等问题。本研究利用H₂O₂、NaBH₄、Na₂S₂O₄和CH₃COOOH等漂白剂对粉单竹碱性过氧化氢化学机械浆（APMP）进行单段或者两段组合补充漂白,以提高竹子APMP浆的可漂性、白度及其稳定性、强度等。研究结果表明,常规H₂O₂漂白是竹子化机浆最佳单段补充漂白方法。两段补充漂白实验表明,白度提高最大的是H₂O₂→Na₂S₂O₄组合,为73.85% ISO;黏度下降最大的是H₂O₂→NaBH₄组合,漂后浆黏度从960下降到601 mL·g^-1。虽然两段补充漂白漂后浆的黏度有所下降,但其物理强度得到提高。补充漂白的示差红外分析发现：H₂O₂、H₂O₂→Na₂S₂O₄、H₂O₂→NaBH₄ 3种漂白方法的纸浆中共轭羰基含量降低了,而H₂O₂→CH₃COOOH漂白浆中的共轭羰基含量反而增加。甲氧基、紫丁香型木素和缩合的愈创木基环在H₂O₂→Na₂S₂O₄两段补充漂白过程脱除效果最显著。X射线衍射分析表明,补充漂白过程单段H₂O₂和H₂O₂→Na₂S₂O₄两段漂白对碳水化合物的降解作用最小。     

意大利杨木制浆造纸性能的研究——硫酸盐-蒽醌法和烧碱-蒽醌法

<正> 目前,造纸原料已成为阻碍造纸工业发展的重要问题之一。这使得人们将注意力从针叶材逐渐转向阔叶材,转向速生杨树和桉树。在意大利杨木Ⅰ-214、Ⅰ-72、Ⅰ-63、Ⅰ-69的研究中,除Ⅰ-214得到有关国家的广泛引种和利用外,其他三种杨木作为造纸原料,仍处于试验阶段,而Ⅰ-214的利用在国外也仅限于制造机械浆和化学机械浆,化学浆的研究工作迄今尚无报道。我国从七十年代开始由国外引种了几种意大利杨,北京造纸所于一九七六年曾对最先引进的Ⅰ-214的制浆造纸性能进行了研究,证明Ⅰ-214杨为优良造纸用材,但对其他三种材种还缺乏系统深入的研究。 我们在对四种意大利杨的化学组成和纤维形态进行研究的基础上,着重进行了硫酸盐法、烧碱-蒽醌法、硫酸盐-蒽醌法和碱性亚硫酸盐法制取化学浆的试验研究,比较了四种速生杨木对制取化学浆的适应性。本文主要对烧碱-蒽醌法代替硫酸盐法的可能性和蒽醌在杨木硫酸盐法、烧碱法制浆中的作用以及四种意大利杨对碱法制浆的适应性进行了探讨。     

MODIFIED OPAL:A NOVEL STABILIZER FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING OF PULPS

The possibility of modified opal as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching was investigated. The results showed that the modified opal in place of sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching is feasible. At the same dosage, above 3% ISO can be increased for both wheat straw pulp and deinked pulp. The stabilizing ability of the modified opal to hydrogen peroxide bleaching of pulp is improved markedly. It is favorable for bleaching to increase temperature and time within a permissive extent. The suitable process conditions are 10% of pulp consistency, 3% of hydrogen peroxide, 1.5% of sodium hydroxide, 3% of the modified opal, 70℃ and 60 min when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching. At these conditions, the brightness gain can reach about 16% ISO for wheat straw pulp. In addition, it is favorable for bleaching to add a little magnesium sulfate when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the brightness of pulp can increase I%ISO if0.05% of magnesium sulfate is added. The cost analysis indicated that the modified opal is superior to sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching in economical aspect and has further the potential of market development.     

蔗渣浆的全无氯漂白工艺

对蔗渣浆采用过氧化氢强化的氧脱木素(OP)-螯合预处理(Q)-压力过氧化氢漂白(PO)的短序漂白,探讨了将蔗渣浆漂至82%ISO和用非硅过氧化氢漂白稳定剂代替硅酸钠用于过氧化氢漂白的可行性.研究表明,非硅过氧化氢稳定剂PP-1与PP-2耐高温、耐高压,可用于压力过氧化氢漂白.OP段氢氧化钠用量为2.0%(相对于绝干浆质量,下同)、过氧化氢用量为0.5%,PO段过氧化氢用量为3.0%、PP-1用量为0.1%、PP-2用量为0.5%时,蔗渣浆采用OPQPO流程漂白后,浆的白度可达到85%ISO.而且OPQPO从根本上消除了可吸附有机卤化物的产生;经测定,漂白废水属于可生物降解废水.     

马尾松化学预热机械浆镁碱过氧化氢漂白

研究了用镁碱代替钠碱的马尾松化学预热机械浆（CTMP）浆过氧化氢漂白工艺及其对纸浆性能的影响,分析了镁碱和钠碱过氧化氢漂白废液对环境的影响.试验结果表明,马尾松CTMP浆镁碱漂白过氧化氢的最佳漂白工艺条件为：H2O2体积浓度为4%,Mg（OH）2质量浓度为1.2%,Na2SiO3质量浓度为1.5%、漂白温度为80℃、漂白时间为120 min,其白度可至63.5%（ISO）,而经钠碱漂白后纸浆的白度值为61.4%（ISO）.镁碱过氧化氢漂白废液化学耗氧量（CODcr）为193.6 g/L,比钠碱过氧化氢漂白废液化学耗氧量（CODcr=312.86 g/L）降低了38.12%.     

BLEACHING OF SULFONATED CMP FROM BIO-TREATED WHEAT STRAW

INTRODUCTIONThe increasing consumption of paper and paper board all over the world and the more and more serious legislative constraints on forest resources intensify the shortage of pulping materials. Agricultural residues such as wheat straw are of increasing interests in countries and areas which have abundant plantation of agricultures and are lack of wood supply. One of the problems associated with the wheat straw pulp was the low pulp yield and low bleachability relative to wood pulp…     

HIGH CONSISTENCY PULPING OF OLD NEWSPRINT AND ITS FLOTATION PROPERTIES

INTRODUTIONWaste paper is an important recyclable resource. The problems that are concerned with resource, energy and environment can be solved effectively by recycling of the waste paper. In the past decade, countries all over the world have paid great attention to the recycling of waste paper, so its recycling ratio has been increasing year and year. The technologies for waste paper recycling have also been developed and modified. The production and varieties of paper and paperboard mad…     

STUDY ON THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF BAMBOO KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONChina is a country using the most variety of non-wood fiber raw material and is the largest country producing non-wood fiber pulp and paper in the world[1]. Bamboo is one kind of the main non-wood species for papermaking in China. Although the structure of raw materials for papermaking has being adjusted through increasing the proportion of wood pulp and by effectively utilizing waste paper source, non-wood species will still remain an important fiber resource[1,2].At present…     

旧报纸的酸性生物酶法脱墨

研究了一种新的废纸脱墨工艺，它是用酸性纤维素酶处理旧报纸浆，然后在酸性条件下进行浮选脱墨，此工艺化学药品用量少，有利于环境保护；所得脱墨浆白度高，黄度低；具有较好的滤水性能和相近的强度性能。利用过氧化氢进行漂白时，酶法脱墨浆的可漂性优于化学法脱墨浆。     

HE EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL IONS-IRON ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING

Hydrogen peroxide bleaching has been extensively used in high-yield pulp bleaching. Unfortunately,hydrogen peroxide can be decomposed under alkaline condition, especially when transition metal ions exit. Experiments show that the valence of transition metal ion is also responsible for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.Iron ions are present in two oxidation states, Fe2+ and Fe3+. They are both catalytically active to hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Because Fe3+ is brown, it can affect the brightness of pulp directly, it can also combine with phenol, forming complexes which not only are stable structures and are difficult to be removed from pulp, but also significantly affect the brightness of pulp because of their color.Sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate, when used together, can greatly decrease hydrogen peroxide decomposition. The optimum dosage of sodium silicate is about 0.1% (on solution) for Fe2+ and 0.25% (on solution) for Fe3+. Adding chelants such as DTPA or EDTA with stabilizers simultaneously can obviously improve pulp brightness. For iron ions, the chelate effect of DTPA is better than that of EDTA.Under acidic conditions, sodium hyposulfite and cellulose can reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ effectively, and pulp brightness is improved greatly. Adding sodium thiosulfate simultaneously with magnesium sulfate,sodium silicate, and DTPA to alkaline peroxide solution can result in higher brightness of pulp.pH is a key parameter during hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the optimum pH value should be 10.5-12.     

谷壳的漂白研究

采用过氧化氢水溶液对谷壳进行了漂白，按3种不同的实验方法进行了一系列漂白试验，详细讨论了最佳的工艺条件以及影响漂白效果的各种可能因素．     

微波辐射应用于麦草浆漂白工艺的研究

将微波辐射代替传统水浴加热应用于H2O2麦草浆漂白工艺中。研究了微波辐射时间、辐射功率、H2O2用量和NaOH用量等因素对纸浆漂白效果的影响。通过与传统水浴加热漂白对比发现,达到相应白度时微波辐射漂白时间大大缩短;微波辐射漂白纸浆粘度没有过多下降;微波辐射漂白废水中的残余过氧化物只有水浴漂白的10%。正交实验结果表明H2O2用量的影响最大,其次是微波辐射时间和NaOH用量,影响最小的是微波输出功率。最佳实验条件为微波辐射功率240?W、辐射时间25?min、H2O2用量5％和NaOH用量4％时纸浆白度约为59％ISO,纸浆粘度大于620?mL·g-1,纸浆硬度约为390。     

OPTIMIZING EUCALYPTUS PULP REFINING

This paper discusses the refining of bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEKP).Pilot plant tests were carried out in to optimize the refining process and to identify the effects of refining variables on final paper quality and process costs.The following parameters are discussed: pulp consistency, disk pattern design, refiner speed,energy input, refiner configuration (parallel or serial)and refining intensity.The effects of refining on pulp fibers were evaluated against the pulp quality properties, such as physical strengths, bulk, opacity and porosity, as well as the interactions with papermaking process, such as paper machine runnability, paper breaks and refining control.The results showed that process optimization,considering pulp quality and refining costs, were obtained when eucalyptus pulp is refined under the lowest intensity and the highest pulp consistency possible. Changes on the operational refining conditions will have the highest impact on total energy requirements (costs) without any significant effect on final paper properties.It was also observed that classical ways to control the industrial operation, such as those based on drainage measurements, do not represent the best alternative to maximize the final paper properties neither the paper machine runability.     

液体聚丁二烯的环氧化研究(Ⅱ)——过氧甲酸现场法

采用过氧甲酸现场法 ,合成了一系列具有不同环氧值的液体环氧化聚丁二烯(L EPB) ,研究了温度、溶剂、反应时间和原料配比对环氧化反应的影响规律 ,并通过开环几率和双键反应程度对环氧化反应进行了详细的讨论 .结果表明最佳合成条件为 :甲酸 /双键摩尔比 0 .4;双氧水 /双键摩尔 1 .0 ;甲苯 /LPB重量比 3     

针叶材制浆性能影响因素的回归分析

为研究针叶材制浆性能的影响因素，选择了上有代表性的针叶材种，在各自最佳的硫酸盐法蒸煮条件下，制得相同硬度的浆料（卡伯价３０±２），再在相同条件下进行浆料的打浆试验、漂白试验与强度试验，将试验结果进行回归分析，建立化学组成和制浆得率、纤维形态和裂断长的回归方程。结果表明所建的回归方程相关显著，预报精度高，作为预测模型是完全可行的，这对造纸原料的栽培与利用有相当的实用价值。     

毛竹碱性亚硫酸钠-蒽醌制浆的研究

<正>试验结果表明:亚硫酸钠对总碱(均以氧化钠计)最佳比率为0.85,总碱量为18％(以氧化钠计),蒽醌用量0.05％,液比为1:4,在最高温度(170℃)制浆时间需要3.5h,粗浆得率42～45％(比传统的硫酸盐法纸浆得率高4～6％)和卡伯值17～25,碱性亚硫酸钠-蒽醌制得竹浆的物理强度性质相当于硫酸盐竹浆的强度。