一种快速且安全的概率标记追溯技术

现有的包标记技术,如概率包标记方法(PPM)、基于TTL的包标记方法(TPM)和动态概率包标记方法(DPPM),不能快速重构攻击路径和防御攻击者伪造标记。该文提出了自适应概率标记方法(APMS)。数据包在进入网络时,其TTL值在第1跳路由器被修改为统一值,中继路由器能够推断出接收的数据包在网络中已传送的跳数,并自适应地以跳数的倒数为概率,标记该数据包。APMS方法中,受害者平均接收最少的攻击包即可重构攻击路径,并可完全消除攻击者伪造标记所带来的影响。NS2模拟实验证明:使用APMS方法,受害者收集齐重构攻击路径所需标记耗费的时间比其他方法要少20%以上,并且攻击者伪造的标记不能到达受害者,从而不会对受害者重构攻击路径产生影响。     

一次性可变概率分片标记及其压缩标记

提出了一次性可变概率分片标记方法,即对每一数据包从接入到受害主机的传输路径上的所有路由器至多对其进行一次标记,由此能够避免对任一数据包的重复标记;路由器根据数据包在网络上传输的距离d以概率1/(33-d)对其进行可变概率标记,使受害主机可等概率地收集到攻击路径中各个路由器标记的数据包.在此基础上,根据传输路径上IP信息的相似性冗余,提出了压缩一次性可变概率分片标记方法.实验结果表明,提出的方法能够消除可变概率标记方法对数据包的重复标记问题,并显著减少反向追踪攻击源所需数据包的数目,提高了对攻击源定位的准确性和实时性.     

基于聚集算法的DDoS数据流检测和处理

提出了一种应用于路由器的嵌入式DDoS(分布式拒绝服务攻击)防御算法。针对DDoS攻击的本质特征,对IP数据流进行轻量级协议分析,把IP数据流分为TCP、UDP和ICMP(网间控制报文协议)数据流,分别建立相应的聚集模式,根据该模式来检测DDoS聚集所占资源,采取相应的抑制措施过滤攻击数据包,从而保证合法数据流的正常转发。仿真试验证明该方法能准确地检测到DDoS攻击,处理效果很好。     

基于包标记的DDoS攻击源追踪方案研究

依据FMS标记思想,结合密码学的数字签名方法,设计了自适应hash签名标记方案AHSM。该方案是在包经过的路由器处,路由器按一个变化的概率对包进行hash签名。采用hash签名,签名速度快、误报率低、重构开销小,实现了IP地址的防篡改和发送者的不可否认,能有效地防止路由器假冒。采用变化的概率,可以减少受害者重构攻击路径时所需的数据包数,提高了追踪速度。     

一种基于概率包标记的PPM算法改进方案

针对如何提高包标记的标记信息量和路径重构的效率与准确度的问题,对PPM算法进行了改进。将路由信息标记到IP报头的选项字段,以提高包标记的信息量。同时增加一个TTL1字段和填充系数α,分别用于记录从第一个开始标记数据包的路由器到达受害者的路径长和识别标记包的真伪。实验结果表明,改进的包标记算法,重构路径时所需的标记包大大减少,能有效识别标记包的真伪,提高路径重构的效率和准确度。     

一种改进的分片包标记IP追踪方案

针对Savage等人提出的分片包标记方案(fragment marking scheme,FMS)存在的不足,提出一种改进的分片包标记方案(IFMS),该方案通过扩大标记空间和采用动态标记概率的方法,减少了重构攻击路径所需的数据包数,降低了计算开销,同时采用40位Hash作为误差校验,显著降低了路径重构的误差率.理论分...     

一种改进的iTrace技术的研究

针对现有ICMP反向追踪方法中iTrace信息标记的IP地址或相关信息,导致重构完整攻击路径需要过多的数据包,并且计算量大的问题,提出了在iTrace分组中重新编码的方案。该方案可在较短的时间内推算出主要攻击路径,显著减少路径重构时对数据包的需求量,从而可以使受害者更快捷地追踪到攻击源,为受害者尽快响应攻击、减少攻击带来的损失创造了条件。     

基于主动防御模型的IP反向追踪方法

提出了一种基于主动防御模型的IP反向追踪方法,该方法以安全域为单位,利用hash函数序列的相关性和概率标记信息,通过主覆盖路由器的协同工作,实现了对攻击源的快速定位;在可供使用的标记位有限的情况下,提出了在标记时对摘要信息进行拆分、在反向追踪时利用异或运算实现对摘要信息拼装的方法,从而有效地减少“碰撞”的产生,保证了对大范围DDoS攻击的准确定位,分析结果表明：本方法大大缩短了标记路径,减少了重组攻击路径所需攻击报文数量。     

基于数据分析的网络黑名单系统

网络中经常出现常用的服务器因分布式拒绝服务(DDOS)攻击而无法正常访问,或者弱口令主机被攻破的情况.该系统针对这种情况,以上海教育城域网(SEMAN)为研究对象,在SEMAN边界设备上即时识别出异常攻击流量,整理出有威胁的攻击源头形成黑名单,并通过边界网关协议(BGP)在城域网内广播形成路由黑洞以剔除这些危险的攻击报文流量.实际运行表明:系统在SEMAN运行以来,大幅度减少了攻击流量以及被攻破的主机数目,有效地保护了网络内部的各个服务器.     

路由器防范拒绝服务攻击技术研究

拒绝服务攻击给网络安全带来了巨大的威胁,防范DDoS攻击一直是安全领域的一个重要课题。介绍了路由器防范拒绝服务攻击的技术,包括IP路径重构技术、在源端防范DDoS策略、防范IP地址欺骗的机制和基于拥塞控制的方法,指出了进一步的研究方向。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has