生物表面活性剂对沉积物中菲的解吸附和生物降解作用的影响

研究了阴离子型生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对海洋沉积物中多环芳烃的解吸附附和生物降解作用的影响,并与化学合成的表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的作用相比较. 结果表明:2种表面活性剂在浓度高于有效临界胶束浓度时,均可大大增强菲的解吸附作用,鼠李糖脂比SDS更为有效.在降解体系中加入浓度适宜的表面活性剂可显著提高菲的降解率.当鼠李糖脂浓度高于500 mg/L,SDS浓度高于5 000 mg/L时,由于胶束相到水相的传质速率的限制,菲的生物降解率减小. 鼠李糖脂因胶束传质限制所引起的抑制作用明显低于SDS. 结果表明:在多环芳烃污染沉积物的生物修复过程中,鼠李糖脂比SDS更为有效.     

RL在液态培养条件及堆肥介质中的生物降解研究

为了研究生物表面活性剂的环境友好性,考察其应用于堆肥中是否会时堆肥产生二次污染,本实验自制了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂,考察其在液态培养条件及堆肥介质中的生物降解情况．实验结果表明：不同的微生物对鼠李糖脂有不同的降解效果,其源生菌铜绿假单胞菌没法降解鼠李糖脂,但鼠李糖脂对微生物都是无毒的．在堆肥基质中的降解表明其可以被降解,但不是优先降解物质,可见鼠李糖脂可在堆肥中起一定作用后被降解。     

生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂性质的研究

为探究鼠李糖脂用作生物表面活性剂的潜力,以铜绿假单胞菌1.10452发酵生产的鼠李糖脂为研究对象,利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(HPLC-MS)进行成分鉴定,并测定其临界胶束浓度(CMC)、乳化性、起泡性及抗菌活性.成分分析结果表明,该鼠李糖脂主要由9种同系物组成,且以双鼠李糖脂为主要成分.鼠李糖脂的临界胶束浓度为80...     

产生物表面活性剂石油降解菌筛选及特性研究

目的获得产高效生物表面活性剂的菌株,并判定表面活性剂的结构及探索其特性。方法通过从富油土壤中采用富集培养、血平板分离、排油活性等方法筛选高产表面活性剂菌株并鉴定;采用萃取和柱层析法提纯后HPLC-MS法分析产物结构并分析其理化性质。结果筛选出产生物表面活性剂高效菌BD-5,经鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌;所产生物表面活性剂为8种鼠李糖脂同系物的混合物;鼠李糖脂溶液对液体石蜡、柴油和甲苯都具有较强的乳化能力;当鼠李糖脂浓度高于临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,长链烷烃和多环芳烃在水相中的表观溶解度随鼠李糖脂浓度的增大而增大,摩尔增溶比(MSR)的变化关系为正十六烷>萘>菲>芘。结论 BD-5菌株产生的生物表面活性剂活性突出,有良好的应用前景。     

生物表面活性剂驱油性能

利用界面张力、乳化性能、润湿和驱油效率等测试手段研究槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂和脂肽3种类型生物表面活性剂的驱油性能.结果表明:生物表面活性剂油水界面张力为10-1 mN/m数量级,润湿指数为0.36,由于鼠李糖脂和脂肽同时具有较强的降界面张力和润湿反转性能,能大幅降低原油从岩石表面剥离的黏附功(黏附功下降幅度超过99.5％),...     

环流气浮分离技术在含Cu(Ⅱ)废水处理中的应用

采用环流气浮分离技术对含Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）废水的处理进行了实验研究。环流气浮塔体积为１．５Ｌ，采用气升式内循环操作，在塔底装有经特殊表面处理的微孔气体分布器以产生微小而均匀的气泡。采用ＦｅＣｌ３为絮凝剂，十二烷基硫酸纳（ＳＤＳ）为表面活性剂。考察了气速、ｐＨ、表面活性剂、絮凝剂浓度等因素对分离效果的影响规律，讨论了泡沫夹带对分离效果的影响，确定了最优的工艺条件，并对环流气浮塔和传统鼓泡塔进行对比研究。实验结果表明，在优化情况下，经１０～１５ｍｉｎ气浮后，铜离子的去除率可达９９％以上。     

生物表面活性剂及其与柠檬酸联合用于污泥重金属电动修复

选择城市污泥作为修复对象,通过添加槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂、皂角苷3种生物表面活性剂及其与柠檬酸复配溶液,从电流密度、排出液重金属浓度、试验后土体各区域重金属含量等角度,研究添加剂对重金属污染污泥电动修复的增强效果,从添加剂作用机理上进行分析,并从微观层面进行补充解释.试验结果表明:重金属的迁移主要发生在污泥中,排出液重金属浓度很低;阳极区处理效果最好,阴极次之,中部有重金属积聚效应;单独添加生物表面活性剂,在阳极区对Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd去除率最高的分别是槐糖脂(53.85%)、鼠李糖脂(44.26%)、鼠李糖脂(56.33%)、槐糖脂(34.43%);复配柠檬酸后,阳极重金属去除率相较于单独添加生物表面活性剂普遍可提升0.90%～16.08%,柠檬酸可显著改善中部重金属积聚效应.基于试验结论,在实际工程中对于Zn、Cd含量高的污泥推荐采用槐糖脂或配合使用柠檬酸,而对于Cu、Ni含量高的则推荐鼠李糖脂与柠檬酸的复配溶液.     

鼠李糖脂对两株木质素降解菌产酶能力的影响

研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对黄孢原毛平革菌、简青霉产木质素降解酶能力的影响．结果表明,鼠李糖脂对酶活性的影响与鼠李糖脂的浓度、投加形式、菌种及酶的种类有关．0．0065％的鼠李糖脂不同程度地促进了黄孢原毛平革菌产LiP,MnP,简青霉产LiP,漆酶,0．013％的鼠李糖脂可以促进黄孢产LiP,简青霉产漆酶,但却明显抑制了另外两种酶的活性;鼠李糖脂可以使简青霉产MnP的高峰期提前,但不能提高酶活性．通过影响产酶能力,鼠李糖脂使两株菌对木质素的降解率均高于对照样．此外,接种鼠李糖脂产生菌——铜绿假单胞菌的效果达到甚至超过添加鼠李糖脂的促进效果．     

鼠李糖脂对萘、菲、芘三种物质增溶作用研究

实验通过改变温度、pH、盐度对生物表面活性剂溶液进行处理并改变其反应浓度,了解生物表面活性剂对多环芳烃类物质增溶的最佳浓度,以及温度、pH、盐度对其增溶效果的影响.结果表明:当鼠李糖脂浓度在临界胶束(CMC)以下时,多环芳烃类物质在水相中的溶解度变化较小;在临界胶束以上时,多环芳烃类物质在水相中的溶解度随表面活性剂浓度的增加而增大;当表面活性剂浓度为500 mg/L时,其溶解度最大.鼠李糖脂对萘、菲的增溶作用随温度的升高和盐度的增加而增大.随着pH的增大鼠李糖对萘的增溶作用在pH=4时为45.107 4 mg/L,菲的增溶作用在pH=5时为31.510 8 mg/L,均达到最大.     

鼠李糖脂对生物淋滤除制革污泥中铬的影响

通过接种经生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂驯化培养的制革污泥土著混合硫杆菌,研究不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对制革污泥中Cr溶出效果的影响;同时探讨不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对混合硫杆菌氧化硫能力影响。结果表明,投加0.5~1 g/L鼠李糖脂能促进混合硫杆菌氧化元素硫;并随着投加量的增加,元素硫的氧化率提高。在制革污泥生物淋滤中,鼠李糖脂最佳投加量是1.0 g/L,经过12 d的淋滤,镉的溶出率达到83.98%;而对照组Cr的溶出率为60.14%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~