热弹性马氏体的稳定化现象

本文研究了Cu—Zn—Al合金中的热弹性马氏体的稳定化现象。发现从高温β相淬火至低于M_f温度并在该温度停留,或在A_S以下温度进行时效,均可使合金的热弹性马氏体稳定化。认为这些效应主要是由于淬火所产生的过饱和空位与共格界面交互作用所引起的。     

Cu-Zn-Al合金热弹性马氏体稳定化及单向记忆寿命估计

本文研究了Cu-Zn-Al合金热弹性马氏体稳定化问题。实验表明,不论直接淬火或分级淬火的合金,当其在马氏体状态时效时,都会发生热弹性马氏体稳定化现象,但后者稳定化速率大为减小,其激活能远大于前者。这一结果可用来估计单向记忆寿命。此外,本文还从结构上研究了马氏体稳定化机理,认为再有序化和空位钉扎是影响马氏体稳定化的诸多因素中的两个重要因素。     

Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金的双分级淬火

合金的形状记忆效应是以热弹性马氏体转变为基础,通常要求该类合金具有较大的热弹性马氏体可逆转变量和稳定的特征转变温度。但是,这些参数与热处理条件密切相关,特别是在M_s高于室温的三元Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金中存在着热弹性马氏体的稳定化现象。作者曾研究了Cu-14.84Zn-7.75Al(wt％)形状记忆合金在单分级淬火条件下的热弹性马氏体转变行为,并探讨了热弹性马氏体稳定化机理。本文用直流电阻法、金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射等方法继续对该合金在双分级淬火条件下的热弹性马氏体转变行为进行了研究。主要结果如下: (1)本实验合金经(360℃,2分钟+150℃,2分钟)双分级淬火可获得最大热弹性马氏体可逆转变量和稳定的特征转变温度,但双分级淬火在360℃停留时会使贫溶质原子α相在原β相晶界和晶内析出,导致基体相中溶质原子富化。随着360℃停留的时间延长,α相逐渐增多,热弹性马氏体可逆转变量和特征转变温度(M_s,M_f,A_s,A_f)分别逐渐减少和降低。当基体相完全分解成多相组织时,其热弹性才完全消失。 (2)在T_s高于340℃的单分级淬火试样中热弹性马氏体的稳定化,不是由于母相中第二相析出所造成。 (3)双分级淬火试样的热弹性马氏体可逆转变量减少和特征转变温度降低是因为在360℃停留时析出了贫溶质原子α相和基体溶质原子富化所造成。     

CuAlNiMnTi形状记忆合金马氏体时效研究

利用Ｘ射线分析、原位电阻测量等方法研究了ＣｕＡｌＮｉＭｎＴｉ在马氏体不同温度的时效效应。实验结果表明，淬火态ＣｕＡｌＮｉＭｎＴｉ合金在马氏体态时效过程中发生马氏体稳定化现象；在这一过程中ＯＤ３长程度有序无明显变化，但发生了原子短程无序。马氏体稳定化主要是由原子短程无序引起。     

分级淬火对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金热弹性马氏体转变的影响

本文用直流电阻法研究了分级淬火对Cu-14.84wt％ Zn-7.75wt％Al形状记忆合金热弹性马氏体转变的影响。实验结果表明:中间停留温度T_s低于M_f或高于T_(DO3,s)的分级淬火,将使热弹性马氏体稳定化;T_s位于M_f至M_s或T_(DO3,f)至T_(DO3,s)之间的分级淬火,将使部分热弹性马氏体稳定化;但T_f位于M_s至T_(DO3,f)之间的分级淬火,则可使热弹性马氏体完全避免稳定化。认为热弹性马氏体的稳定化,主要与B_2→DO_3有序转变被淬火抑制,致使随后冷却时刚形成的马氏体不稳定而再有序化有关。     

铜基形状记忆合金时效稳定化的一种机制

本文通过对两种铜基形状记忆合金Cu-23.12 Zn-4.37 Al及Cu-26.34 zn-3.24 Al-0.67Mn(Wt％),在不同状态下马氏体时效稳定化的研究,提出了一种新的马氏体时效稳定化机制——应力松弛机制,即在马氏体状态下使用或放置过程中,由于微观应力松弛,破坏了马氏体变体间及马氏体与母相间界面的共格性,使变体不易合并,引起马氏体稳定化。     

Cu—Zn—Al合金中贝氏体相变对形状记忆效应的影响

本文采用一种精确测量形状记忆效应（ＳＭＥ）和观察不同时期显微组织的方法，研究了Ｃｕ－２６（ｗｔ）％Ｚｎ－４（ｗｔ）％Ａｌ合金，在８００℃淬火后重返母相区１３０℃、１５０℃和１７０℃时效的变化规律。实验结果表明，淬火马氏体进入母相区时效初期形状记忆回复率迅速升高，达到一个最大值后随时效时间而下降，显示出时效过程中马氏体稳定化效应的消除和贝氏体相变的发展这两种不同机制对ＳＭＥ所引起打反效果，即马氏体稳     

Al-5.0Zn-3.0Mg-1.0Cu-0.1Zr合金的淬火敏感性

通过分级淬火的方法确定Al-5.0Zn-3.0Mg-1.0Cu-0.1Zr合金的时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线,并结合7050及7085合金考察成分对淬火敏感性的影响。研究结果表明:Al-5.0Zn-3.0Mg-1.0Cu-0.1Zr合金T76状态的TTP曲线鼻尖温度为325℃,临界时间为1.554 s,99.5%的TTP曲线保温时间为100 s,合金的淬火敏感区间为200~410℃;该合金在等温保温过程中析出η相,消耗Zn和Mg,降低合金的过饱和程度,削弱后续时效强化的效果;合金时效后,在这些η相周围形成无沉淀析出区;Al-5.0Zn-3.0Mg-1.0Cu-0.1Zr合金具有较低的淬火敏感性,该合金淬火冷却速度可以选择介于7050合金冷却速度与7085合金冷却速度之间。     

Cu－Zn－Al合金中贝氏体相变对形状记忆效应的影响

本文采用一种精确测量形状记忆效应（ＳＭＥ）和观察不同时期显微组织的方法，研究了Ｃｕ－２６（ｗｔ）％Ｚｎ－４（ｗｔ）％Ａｌ合金，在８００℃淬火后重返母相区１３０℃、１５０℃和１７０℃时效的变化规律．实验结果表明，淬火马氏体进入母相区时效初期形状记忆回复率迅速升高，达到一个最大值后随时效时间而下降，显示出时效过程中马氏体稳定化效应的消除和贝氏体相变的发展这两种不同机制对ＳＭＥ所引起的相反效果，即马氏体稳定化的消除增强着ＳＭＥ而贝氏体相变的发生却恶化着ＳＭＥ．贝氏体在晶界的析出对ＳＭＥ已颇为有害，而当贝氏体在晶内形成时ＳＭＥ将激烈恶化．     

Cu-Al-Ni合金热弹性马氏体转变与冷却速度的关系

本文采用电阻法和X射线衍射法研究了不同冷却速度对Cu-14Al-4.2Ni合金热弹性马氏体转变的影响。发现该合金在很宽的冷却速度范围内都会发生热弹性马氏体转变,其M_s点随冷速增加而下降。并且马氏体的数量和母相数量的比值也随冷速变化而变化,在适当冷速下可获得最大的马氏体相对量,而冷速过小或过大都导致马氏体相对量的下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has