二醋酸亚乙酯裂解制醋酸乙烯动力学

在反应机理的指导下，采用醋酐过量抑制乙醋副反应的发生，研究了以苯磺酸为催化剂的二醋酸亚乙酯裂解制醋酸乙烯的反应动力学规律，得到描述该反应过程的动力学数学模型。     

醋酸甲酯与合成气一步合成醋酸乙烯

以醋酸甲酯、合成气为原料,碘化铑为主催化剂,碘甲烷为助催化剂,碘化锂、醋酸锂为促进剂,醋酸锌为裂解催化剂,一步合成醋酸乙烯,考察了反应温度、压力和时间对醋酸甲酯转化率和产物选择性的影响。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高、H2分压的增大以及反应时间的延长,醋酸甲酯转化率和醋酸乙烯选择性均先增大后减小;随着CO分压的增大,醋酸甲酯转化率逐步增大,醋酸乙烯选择性先增大后减小。最佳反应条件为:反应温度180℃,CO分压2.0 MPa,H2分压2.5MPa,反应时间6h;在此反应条件下,醋酸甲酯转化率达到87.26%;醋酐、二醋酸亚乙酯和醋酸乙烯的选择性分别为30.14%,26.57%和5.44%。在间歇反应釜中进行了醋酸甲酯与合成气一步合成醋酸乙烯过程的本征动力学研究,建立了幂函数型动力学模型,回归了动力学模型参数,并经检验证明模型是合适的。     

EDA裂解制醋酸乙烯过程的副反应控制

对二醋酸亚乙酯（ＥＤＡ）在Ｂ催化剂作用下裂解制醋酸乙烯过程中可能发生的副反应进行了研究，提出了抑制副反应的工程手段，为该技术的工业放大提供了工程经验。     

煤裂解特性研究

讨论了加热时间、温度和热速率对煤裂解行为的影响。探讨了煤裂解的单一反应模型和多重反应模型，测定了两种模型的动力学参数，研究了用四氢化萘预处理对煤快速热解的主要影响因素。     

CH4在Ni-Mg-O催化剂上裂解生长碳纳米管的本征动力学

考察甲烷在Ni0.5Mg0.5O催化剂上裂解生长碳纳米管(CNT)的本征动力学.在常压,540～640℃,GHSV=(2.0～9.0)×104mLh-1g catal-1.反应条件下,测得甲烷裂解转化率随反应温度、接触时间的变化,运用最小二乘法拟合求算出反应速率,进而建立反应动力学方程的幂函数模型,求得甲烷和氢气的反应级数分别为1.32和-1.41,反应活化能Ea为172kJmol-1,并根据实验数据验证了甲烷在Ni基催化剂上吸附、解离、脱氢的机理模型.     

气化松焦油碱性催化裂解动力学性能

为揭示气化焦油在催化剂作用下的热解特性,利用STA499F3同步热分析仪对松树皮气化过程中产生的焦油进行热分析实验,分别获得不同升温速率下松焦油在催化剂Na2CO3和CaO作用下裂解反应的热分析曲线.利用热分析动力学原理,建立松焦油催化裂解的动力学计算模型,采用Popescu法推断机理函数并求出活化能E和频率因子A等动力学参数.研究结果表明:气化松焦油催化裂解过程的反应机理为三维扩散,圆柱形对称;Na2CO3和CaO能对焦油热解过程起到很好的催化效果,且Na2CO3的催化性能略优于CaO的催化性能.     

大庆常压渣油催化裂解反应集总动力学模型

根据大庆常压渣油催化裂解实验和C4、丙烯的二次反应结果,确定了重油催化裂解九集总反应网络。通过合理假设,推导了集总反应的数学模型和催化剂失活函数,采用子模型分步法求取了模型中的反应速率常数,并对模型进行了检验和统计分析。模型验证的结果表明,柴油、汽油、丙烯、乙烯等催化裂解主要产品的预测值与实验值吻合良好,说明求取的速率常数可靠、采用子模型分步法进行集总动力学模型参数估计的方法可行。     

SPC-01催化剂上MTBE裂解制异丁烯及其裂解动力学

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)裂解是一条比较理想的生产高纯度异丁烯的工艺路线.采用管式反应器,在170～230℃、0.2～0.6 MPa、液相空速0.5～2 h-1的条件下,对SPC-01型固体杂多酸催化剂上甲基叔丁基醚裂解制异丁烯的工艺进行了研究,考察了操作条件对裂解过程的影响.当反应压力为0.4 MPa、反应温度为210～230℃、液相空速为0.5～1.0 h-1时,MTBE转化率高于92.2%,异丁烯和甲醇选择性均大于99.9%.采用一维平推流积分反应器模型建立幂函数裂解动力学方程,利用最小二乘法对动力学实验数据进行参数拟舍,获得了裂解动力学方程,并对模型进行了检验.     

单事件法建立渣油热裂解的反应动力学模型Ⅱ.动力学参数的求取

通过对热裂解基本反应步骤的分析,得到其反应动力学常数只与反应前后分子特性有关,而与反应分子的大小无关。通过文献数据求得基本反应速率常数,进而在已建立的延迟焦化主反应网络基础上,计算出反应网络各个分子间的反应动力学参数,为延迟焦化动力学模型的建立奠定了基础。     

戊二酸单薄荷酯的合成和热裂解

戊二酸酐和薄荷醇在4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)的催化作用下,以甲苯为溶剂,合成新型清凉剂戊二酸单薄荷酯,采用正交试验优化了合成条件,得到较佳反应条件为:戊二酸酐和薄荷醇的摩尔比为1.4∶1,催化剂用量为薄荷醇摩尔分数的10%,回流温度下反应10 h,收率在80%以上.产物的结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振光谱和质谱进行了表征.利用热重-微商热重(TG-DTG)对戊二酸单薄荷酯的热失重、裂解温度进行了研究,通过在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)技术对戊二酸单薄荷酯分别在无氧和有氧条件下,在300、600、750、900℃时的裂解产物进行了研究.结果表明:戊二酸单薄荷酯的裂解温度为305.1℃,在348.0℃时,样品总失重率接近100%;无氧和有氧条件下裂解产物的种类和数量随着温度升高而增多,有氧裂解产物数量多于无氧裂解;p-薄荷-3-烯、3-甲基-6-异丙基环己烯和薄荷醇是裂解的主要产物,具有致香和清凉作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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