玉米秸秆还原浸出高铁低品位锰矿研究

采用"玉米秸秆硫酸预处理—浸出"工艺处理含Mn 9.63%(质量分数)的朝阳锰矿.通过试验考察用硫酸对玉米秸秆进行预处理的时间、秸秆用量、温度、硫酸浓度和浸出温度对锰浸出率的影响.试验表明,在秸秆用量2.5 g、时间10 min、硫酸浓度1.2 mol/L、温度80℃时预处理秸秆,浸出温度为90℃的条件下,锰的浸出率达92%,杂质铁溶出率仅为20%.玉米秸秆处理前后FTIR分析结果表明,对秸秆进行硫酸预处理能够破坏难降解的木质素结构,有利于提高锰的浸出效果.     

预处理温度对玉米秸秆暗发酵制氢性能的影响

为了比较不同预处理温度对玉米秸秆暗发酵制氢性能的影响,在不同温度（40、80、120、160 ℃和200 ℃）下,采用1% H₂SO₄和2% NaOH两种试剂分别对玉米秸秆进行预处理,再进行中温暗发酵实验,接种物来源于以猪粪为原料的厌氧消化后的沼液。结果表明：最佳的预处理条件为80 ℃下,采用1% H₂SO₄对玉米秸秆预处理60 min,其单位总固体（TS）产氢量达到27 mL/g,比未预处理玉米秸秆提高了56.27%,且最大产氢速率最高可达到15.42 mL/h,比未预处理玉米秸秆的最大产氢速率提高了83.57%。玉米秸秆产氢最适宜的pH值范围为5.0~5.5,不同预处理温度会对产酸量和产酸的组分造成影响,发酵类型均为丁酸型发酵。因此,预处理温度是影响暗发酵制氢性能的一个重要因素。     

一组高温混合菌对木质素纤维素的降解

对秸秆中木质素纤维素的生物预处理进行研究.采用高温混合菌对滤纸和玉米秸秆进行降解实验.在50℃,第7天滤纸失重率为76.2%;第30天玉米秆失重率为34.23%,玉米秸秆中木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解率分别为56.36%,42.88%,62.77%.混合菌在50℃条件下对玉米秸秆中的木质素、纤维素、半纤维素均有较高的降解效果.     

汽爆玉米秸秆渣诱导产纤维素酶及其水解特性

为提高玉米秸秆的生物降解效率,研究了汽爆处理玉米秸秆渣对纤维素酶的诱导作用及所产纤维素酶的水解特性。结果表明：玉米秸秆采用汽爆处理可以去除大量的半纤维素成分,获得的汽爆渣对里氏木霉NL02合成纤维素酶的诱导作用良好,以10 g/L的汽爆渣为碳源发酵7 d滤纸酶活达到1.90 U /mL。发酵5 d获得的汽爆酶水解效果最佳,当酶用量25 U/g,底物质量浓度50 g/L条件下,水解24 h酶解得率达到95.9%,水解48 h葡萄糖产率为76.4%。当汽爆渣质量浓度为80 g/L,酶用量为15 U/g时,48 h酶解效率达到90.1%,葡萄糖产率为62.9%。     

微波辅助预处理对玉米秸秆酶解的影响

研究了微波辅助硫酸、氢氧化钠预处理对玉米秸秆酶解糖得率的影响,并对温度、酸碱添加量、预处理时间、液固比4个因素进行了单因素试验分析。结果表明预处理的最佳条件为：微波-硫酸预处理时,温度190℃,硫酸质量浓度为10 g/L,预处理时间3 min,液固比20(硫酸体积(mL)与玉米秸秆质量(g)之比)条件下,预处理得糖率及酶解得糖率分别为44.6%和30.3%;微波-氢氧化钠预处理时,温度130℃,氢氧化钠质量浓度15 g/L,预处理时间7 min,液固比30(氢氧化钠溶液体积(mL)与玉米秸秆质量(g)之比)条件下,预处理得糖率及酶解得糖率分别为1.5%和80.0%。     

玉米秸秆发酵产氢研究

传统能源储量日益减少以及能源需求的不断增长使21世纪的能源问题面临巨大的挑战,人们越来越认识到可再生能源的巨大潜力和发展前景。利用农业固体废弃物和污泥联合厌氧发酵制氢,既可解决农业废物和污泥的环境污染问题,又可制备清洁的燃料能源,因此具有非常重要的研究价值。以厌氧活性污泥为接种物,以玉米秸秆为发酵底物进行发酵产氢实验,研究了不同秸秆粒径、预处理方法、发酵液pH值和金属离子对玉米秸秆发酵产氢速率以及产氢气量的影响。结果表明：玉米秸秆粒径越小越利于发酵产氢;经过H2SO4预处理后,玉米秸秆单位总产氢量大于经NaOH预处理样品;pH值为6左右可以提高玉米秸秆的发酵产氢气速率;Fe2＋和Mg2＋对发酵产氢效果有一定的影响。     

产氢菌株Clostridium sp.T7的快速筛选

取自潮间带的污泥分别在不同温度下(80、100、121,℃)进行热休克预处理,富集产氢菌群并测定其产氢量,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析混合菌群组成.结果表明:3种热处理条件下混合菌群的产氢量都要高于对照未处理菌群.DGGE图谱表明,与80、100,℃热休克处理混合菌群相比,经121,℃热休克处理富集的混合菌群,其电泳条带最少,测序结果发现该混合菌群中包括产氢菌Clostridium sp..从该混合菌群中纯化并鉴定了1株产氢菌株Clostridiumsp.T7(登录号HM104461).培养温度对菌株T7产氢有一定影响,温度在25～55,℃范围内菌株Clostridium sp.T7都能产氢,最适产氢温度是35,℃.     

玉米秸秆预处理优化实验条件研究

目的:探索一种高效预处理玉米秸秆的方法.方法:低浓度的湿热酸或碱在高压蒸汽(121℃,0.1 Pa)条件下,对玉米秸秆进行预处理.结果:从还原糖产量方面考虑,以1%硫酸按固液比1∶5处理玉米秸秆40 min为最宜.从木质素降解方面考虑,相同条件下氢氧化钠预处理,还原糖产量极低,但木质素含量降低明显,有利于进一步酶解作用.     

玉米秸秆稀酸-蒸汽爆破预处理和水解糖化的试验研究

考察了玉米秸秆经1%(w/w)稀硫酸和水分别浸泡后在不同汽爆压力(分别确定研究压力为1.5 MPa,1.8 MPa和2.0 MPa)和保压时间(分别为4 min,6 min和8 min)下进行蒸汽爆破预处理的处理效果。分析了预处理后固体和液体部分的主要成分和含量。通过考察预处理后固体部分经过纤维素酶作用后所得到的葡萄糖得率,确定了最佳的稀酸-蒸汽爆破预处理工艺。在1%稀硫酸预浸12 h后,采用1.8 MPa汽爆条件保压8 min,经过预处理玉米秸秆的最大葡萄糖得率为26.9 g/100g原料;在该条件下,预处理后过滤液中总糖得率最高为34.5 g/100 g原料。     

汽爆玉米秸秆水提液制备糠醛的研究

针对目前糠醛生产中玉米芯原料有限,用酸量大及糠醛渣难以综合利用等问题,本文以玉米秸秆为原料,探索汽爆水提液制备糠醛新工艺。考察了反应温度、盐酸浓度和反应时间对糠醛收率的影响并对焦化问题进行了分析。实验结果表明：汽爆玉米秸秆水提液制糠醛的最优条件是反应温度180℃,2%盐酸添加量,反应时间2h;进一步通过红外光谱分析了汽爆玉米秸秆水提液制糠醛过程中焦化产生的原因。本文的优势在于玉米秸秆原料价格低廉,来源广泛,糠醛收率高（76.6%）,便于综合利用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has