考虑努力及退货价格因素的易逝品供应链弹性数量契约模型

考虑由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的易逝品供应链,在销售努力水平及退货价格与需求及退货具有相关性的前提下,建立了易逝品供应链的弹性数量契约模型,指出单纯的弹性数量契约无法实现供应链协调,而基于回馈与惩罚契约策略下的弹性数量契约能够实现供应链协调,并给出了供应链协调下的模型优化方法;最后,以数值实例计算了易逝品供应链协调下的最优销售努力水平、最优退货价格和最优订购量,并分析了各种参数的变动对最优退货价格、最优销售努力、最优订购量和集成式供应链最优利润的影响.     

考虑模糊需求和不公平厌恶的批发价格契约与协调

针对模糊需求下的批发价格契约与协调问题,基于Fehr和Schmidt提出的不公平厌恶模型,构建了考虑零售商不公平厌恶的批发价格契约模型,并通过模型推导及数值实验分析了零售商不公平厌恶对其订货量以及供应链利润的影响.研究结果表明,随着零售商的不利不公平厌恶程度的增加,零售商的最优订货量及供应链利润均减小;随着零售商的有利不公平厌恶程度的增加,零售商的最优订货量及供应商利润均增加,且零售商利润和供应链总利润均先增后减;此外,批发价格契约在一定条件下可以实现供应链协调.     

基于碳排放配额约束下的供应链订货策略及协调研究

控制碳排放是亟待解决的全球性问题.碳排放配额约束将企业的生产运作产生重要影响.考虑一个制造商和零售商组成的二级供应链,研究不同碳排放配额约束(只有零售商碳排放配额约束、只有制造商碳排放配额约束 、制造商和零售商同时有碳排放配额约束)下基于数量折扣契约的供应链订货策略及协调问题.研究结果表明：在不同碳排放配额约束下,供应链通过利用数量折扣契约能够实现协调;当只有给予零售商碳排放配额、只有给予制造商碳排放配额、制造商和零售商同时给予碳排放配额时,在碳排放配额发挥作用的情况下,碳排放配额下订货量直接决定供应链的最优订货量,供应链的期望利润也将受到碳排放配额的影响.     

具有逆向物流的供应链利润共享与协调机制

为加强具有逆向物流的供应链系统中零售商、生产商之间的合作、协同关系,建立了由生产商、零售商组成的具有逆向物流的供应链系统在随机需求及具有缺货损失条件下的利润共享及协调机制.构建了具有逆向物流供应链系统、生产商、零售商在随机需求及具有缺货损失条件下的利润优化模型,以零售商、生产商承担的投资风险为依据联合决策实现利润共享,采用梯度算法进行分析求解得到生产商、零售商的最优库存、新产品的零售价及为实现利润协调的产品批发价格.利润共享契约实现了具有逆向物流供应链系统内生产商与零售商之间利润的合理分配,达到利润共享.     

考虑风险规避供应商的期权合约比较研究

考虑单供应商与居于主导的零售商构成的供应链，供应商具有风险规避性质.本研究引入组合期权，建立模型求解得到供应链成员的最优初始订货量、期权订购量，分析了供应商风险偏好程度对订货量和利润的影响.结果表明，组合期权契约可以实现供应链协调，各方利润均高于无期权契约的情况，此外，供应商的风险规避程度越高，零售商利润越高，而供应商利润越低.     

非对称信息条件下供应链收入共享契约协调

研究了非对称信息条件下供应链收入共享契约协调问题,建立了新的收入共享契约协调模型.在模型中,主方供应商具有批发价格和收入共享比例决策权,从方零售商具有隐匿边际成本信息和订货量决策权.探讨了零售商边际成本信息隐匿情况下的供应商最优收入共享策略,并将其同对称信息情况进行对比分析.最后进行了数值仿真.研究表明,为了设计一个激励零售商的最优收入共享策略,供应商将对零售商私有成本信息的不可观测性付出代价,导致利润降低,而零售商却可以从中获益.     

Bricks and Clicks模式下供应链协调研究

建立了由一个制造商和一个分销商组成的基于电子市场的二级供应链模型,讨论了分销商采用Bricks and Clicks模式分销产品,并在电子渠道进行季节后销售的情况,分析了供应链的契约协调问题及供应链成员的利润情况.研究发现改进的回购契约可以使Bricks and Clicks分销模式下基于电子市场的二级供应链模型达到协调,使分销商的订货量达到供应链最优,并且使供应链成员的利润达到Pareto改进,达到"双赢".最后,通过算例验证了结论.     

考虑退货价格且需求不确定的易逝品供应链协调性

考虑由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链,制造商以批发价格为零售商提供一种易逝品,零售商再以零售价格将产品销售给顾客;零售商以一定退货价格回收顾客的退货产品,制造商对零售商顾客退货产品及销售季节结束后的剩余产品进行回收,商品的需求受市场价格及零售商退货价格的影响,退货率受零售商退货价格影响。在这样的条件下,建立了需求不确定环境下商品的最优市场价格、最优顾客退货价格的制造商回收模型。结果表明:制造商合理地确定批发利润(w-c)和回收损失(b-s),使其满足相关条件时可以实现供应链的协调性。     

基于延迟定价和回购契约的供应链协调策略研究

在需求不确定环境下,该研究分别构建基于单一批发价格契约和回购契约的供应链延迟定价策略决策模型.通过零售商和生产商利润函数的单峰性分析,证明在具有延迟定价策略的两种契约条件下,最优订货量的存在性和唯一性.通过两种情形的比较和数值分析表明：采用回购契约得到的最优订货量能使零售商和生产商均实现利润最大化,达到供应链协同.并且相比单一批发价格契约,能有效提高零售商的订货水平,从而提升供应链系统的总效益,尤其是当生产成本越小,或产品残值越大,或批发价格越高时,具有延迟定价的回购契约协调策略优势更为显著.     

基于Shapley值公平参考框架的供应链优化

在1个供应商和2个零售商的供应链系统中,运用Shapley公平分配理论研究零售商的公平关切行为对供应链系统及各成员决策的影响.研究发现,零售商的公平关切行为导致供应商最优批发价降低,相应的零售商的最优订货量增大.同时,零售商的公平关切行为还增大了零售商和供应链整体的利润以及零售商占整个供应链利润的份额,提高了供应链系统运行的效率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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