白云石煅烧/加压碳酸化循环捕获CO2实验研究

在双固定床反应器系统上采用提高碳酸化反应压力的方法来改善白云石的CO2循环捕获性能.对白云石在不同碳酸化反应压力、温度、碳酸化气氛与煅烧气氛中CO2浓度以及颗粒粒径等条件下的循环碳酸化特性进行测试,并与石灰石的循环特性进行比较.结果表明,提高碳酸化反应压力有利于提高白云石的循环碳酸化转化率.反应压力一定,白云石的碳酸化转化率随碳酸化温度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势.在700～750℃和0.5 MPa条件下,白云石获得较高的碳酸化转化率.白云石的加压循环碳酸化反应对一定的粒径范围和煅烧气氛具有较好的适应性.白云石的加压循环碳酸化性能较石灰石优越.     

H2S对石灰石循环煅烧/碳酸化法吸收CO2的影响

为了研究石灰石煅烧/碳酸化循环法捕集CO2过程中H2S对吸收剂性能的影响,利用固定床反应器进行了煅烧石灰石吸收H2S的试验,研究了H2S流量、体积分数和反应温度3个因素与穿透时间和CaO转化率之间的关系,确定了600℃是石灰石煅烧/碳酸化法实现硫碳共脱的理想反应温度。在600℃时,考察了CaO同时脱除CO2和H2S的多次循环反应特性,结果表明:CaO对H2S有良好的脱除效果,而吸收CO2的能力则随循环次数增加不断下降。研究了煅烧气氛(氮气或空气)对CaO循环反应特性的影响,对比试验结果发现:H2S的存在使得空气煅烧条件下20次循环反应后CaO吸收CO2转化率比氮气煅烧时的转化率下降了41.3%。研究分析表明:空气煅烧时,CaS会与O2反应生成CaSO4,堵塞颗粒内部孔隙,使得CaO循环转化率迅速下降。     

循环煅烧/碳酸化反应中CaO微观结构变迁特性

对CaO在循环反应中的碳酸化特性和微观结构变迁特性进行了研究.研究表明,CaO在700 ℃碳酸化时能取得最佳的CO2捕捉性能,高煅烧温度不利于CaO的碳酸化.随着循环次数的增加,CaO的孔隙由粗糙、具有网状连接和多孔的结构逐渐向平滑、孔间连接较差和较少孔的结构转变.CaO比表面积和比孔容均随循环次数增加而减小.前10次循环反应使CaO比表面积衰减迅速,此后变化缓慢.随着循环次数的增加,CaO的孔容和孔表面积分布均变差,CaO平均孔径逐渐增大.每次循环中,CaO中孔(2～50 nm)的孔表面积大于大孔(大于50 nm)的孔表面积.CaO碳酸化转化率随其比表面积和比孔容增加而增大,但当超过比表面积和比孔容的临界值后其转化率则可能减小.     

CaO再碳酸化的研究

建立了CaO再碳酸化的微粒模型，研究了CO2体积分数、反应温度等因素对反应的影响．研究表明，在本实验条件下，存在一个最佳再碳酸化温度(在680-7300℃之间)．当温度过高时，部分产物发生分解，气体通过产物层的扩散阻力随着温度的增加而变大，部分空隙的堵塞等原因造成反应的转化率反而减小．     

镁钙砂碳酸化反应特性的研究

采用TG-DTG技术对镁钙砂细粉的碳酸化反应特征进行研究，以阐明镁钙砂碳酸化反应特性。结果表明，镁钙砂在碳酸化反应过程中主要是其中CaO发生碳酸化转变成CaCO3；镁钙砂中的MgO因其碳酸化温度较低仅发生轻微碳酸化。且反应产物MgCO3在400℃后即开始分解，所以不会对镁钙砂中CaO的碳酸化反应产生太大影响；镁钙砂中CaO碳酸化反应的最大转化速率出现在700℃附近，而镁钙砂显微结构的差异是造成其碳酸化反应程度远低于氧化钙粉末的主要原因。     

镁钙砂碳酸化反应机理研究

采用单一扫描速率（2℃/min）法对镁钙砂细粉的碳酸化反应进行了热分析动力学研究,为镁钙砂颗粒表面碳酸化改性反应动力学研究提供相关信息.研究结果表明,镁钙砂细粉碳酸化反应初期MgO的碳酸化和CaO碳酸化反应前期机理,可用n=2的Avrami-Erofeev随机成核、随后生长模式函数描述,后期（相对转化率大于33%～38%）则可用Jander或Ginstling-brounshtein三维扩散模式函数描述.同时,MgO碳酸化反应产生的体积效应导致CaO反应前期表观活化能大幅度降低.     

废气干燥过程中镁化白云石轻烧料压块的重新碳酸化现象及其与烧结块体积密度的关系

在二步煅烧生产工艺过程中,采用死烧回转窑废气来干燥轻烧料块,可以减化工艺流程,节约燃料。鞍钢大石桥镁化白云石烧成砖试验车间的设计中拟采用此法。但对于废气中存在的CO_2会不会引起轻烧料块的重新碳酸化,这种碳酸化会不会对熟料的体积密度产生影响,是一个引起人们怀疑的问题。根据冶金部(78)冶科字152号文件和镁化白云石转炉炉衬科研组的决定,我们对此问题进行了研究。     

氧化钙碳酸化反应动力学研究

采用单一扫描速率法(2℃/min)对氧化钙粉末在CO2气氛中的碳酸化反应进行了热分析动力学研究。结果表明,氧化钙碳酸化反应的最大转化速率在694℃,与在镁钙砂表面碳酸化改性工艺研究中得到的最佳炉温十分接近;而氧化钙的碳酸化反应可用n=2的Avrami-Erofeev随机成核、随后生长模式(机理)函数描述,相应的表观反应活化能为178kJ·mol-1,频率因子为3.4×108min-1。     

硅灰石碳酸化隔离二氧化碳的实验研究

大气中二氧化碳的浓度不断增加,造成的温室效应引起世人的广泛关注．矿物碳酸化是一种很有潜力的二氧化碳隔离储存技术．文中系统进行了不同条件下硅灰石对二氧化碳的吸收储存实验,并利用X射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜详细研究了硅灰石碳酸化产物的物理化学特征,采用高温热分解方法对矿物碳酸化转化率进行了计算分析,初步探讨了压力、温度、粒径等因素对硅灰石碳酸化吸收二氧化碳效率的影响．结果表明,在所进行的各种工况中,以150℃,4．0MPa条件下,粒径小于30μm的硅灰石颗粒的碳酸化转化率最高,可达89．5％,与蛇纹石最优工况下58％的碳酸化转化率相比,硅灰石更适合二氧化碳的矿物隔离储存．     

石灰石闪速加热高温煅烧过程中的CO_2逸出行为

在大功率碳管炉内模拟利用转炉余热闪速加热高温煅烧石灰石的工艺过程,研究煅烧温度(1200~1500℃)和石灰石粒径(4~27.5mm)对石灰石颗粒在高温热分解过程中CO_2逸出行为的影响。结果表明,石灰石粒径一定时,煅烧温度越高,CaCO_3分解初期逸出CO_2的速率越大,达到CO_2逸出速率最大值的时间也越短;煅烧温度一定时,石灰石粒径越小,CO_2逸出速率曲线峰值越高,到达曲线峰值的时间也越短。煅烧温度不超过1300℃时,随着石灰石粒径的增大,试样转化率和CO_2逸出速率的变化明显放缓;而煅烧温度达到1350℃后,粒径对CO_2逸出速率的影响较小。在1500℃煅烧温度下,经过400~445s,不同粒径石灰石颗粒的分解转化率均已接近100%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.