“真正的社会主义”批判及其当代启示——基于《德意志意识形态》文本的研究

在19世纪40年代德意志意识形态范畴内出现了一股"真正的社会主义"思潮,马克思和恩格斯在其《德意志意识形态》中既对"真正的社会主义"本质做出了精辟的分析,举证了"真正的社会主义"流淌着空想社会主义的基因,直接指出"真正的社会主义"是德意志意识形态的重要表征;又对"真正的社会主义"分别从哲学前提、理论渊源、阶级基础等多个层面做出了意识形态性意义上的有力批判。笔者重新梳理马克思主义理论创始人对"真正的社会主义"的分析与批判,既可还原马克思和恩格斯从"真正的社会主义"批判,到真正的社会主义暨科学社会主义理论出场的思想进路,又给出了《德意志意识形态》文本研究的新视角,亦可为应对我国当下涌动的社会思潮进行意识形态批判提供重要的启示和借鉴。     

社会主义核心价值体系建设的探索思考

社会主义核心价值体系建设,必须坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位,把社会主义核心价值体系融入国民教育和精神文明建设全过程,坚持用马克思主义中国化的最新成果武装全党、教育人民,坚持以社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮,尊重差异,包容多样,最大限度地形成社会思想共识。     

坚持用社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮——从“原理”课整体性教学的视角

在高校,加强"原理"课整体性教学,推动社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮,培养当代大学生的马克思主义整体观,使其自觉地把马克思主义作为行动指南,巩固社会主义核心价值体系在意识形态领域的主导地位,有利于凝聚思想,实现中国梦。     

论社会主义核心价值体系是社会主义意识形态的本质体现

社会主义核心价值体系是社会主义意识形态的本质体现.这是因为,坚持马克思主义指导思想这一灵魂体现了社会主义意识形态领域指导思想的一元性;坚持中国特色社会主义共同理想这一主题体现了社会主义意识形态的重要作用和强大功能;坚持以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神这一精髓体现了社会主义意识形态的民族特性和时代特色;坚持社会主义荣辱观这一基础体现了社会主义意识形态在道德领域的基本要求.为此,必须努力建设社会主义核心价值体系,不断推进和巩固社会主义意识形态建设.     

改革开放以来中国共产党维护意识形态安全的基本经验

中国共产党在领导改革开放过程中,全方位地维护社会主义意识形态安全,形成了一些重要经验:全面推进中国特色社会主义建设,为社会主义意识形态提供实践支撑;坚持社会主义意识形态建设的基本原则,把握社会主义意识形态建设的正确方向;不断推进马克思主义中国化,保持社会主义意识形态的话语权;不断推进马克思主义大众化,提升社会主义意识形态的社会认同;把握社会意识形态领域的动向,增强社会主义意识形态的引导力;坚持党管媒体原则,巩固和扩大社会主义意识形态传播的主阵地。这些经验对于巩固中国共产党的执政地位、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义道路具有重要意义。     

影响高校大学生的社会思潮剖析及对策研究

本文选择高校主要的社会思潮展开研究，论述和透视其主要主张和论点，揭露其资本主义意识形态本质，然后提出坚持用社会主义核心价值观引领社会思潮和改革思想政治教育两点高校应对社会思潮的建议。     

确立和谐社会中的马克思主义主流意识形态地位

社会主义和谐社会的"和谐"离不开意识形态领域的和谐,在中国建设和谐的意识形态就是坚持马克思主义在意识形态中的指导地位,这是建设和谐社会的途径也是建设和谐社会的目标。在这社会转型的关键时期,必须充分发挥马克思主义意识形态的作用,在发展中坚持马克思主义的主流意识形态地位,只有这样才能真正把和谐社会建设好。     

论“三个倡导”对社会思潮的有效引领及途径探析

《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》强调指出:"培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位,巩固全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础"。党的十八大报告中围绕培育和践行社会主义核心价值观提出了"三个倡导"。"三个倡导"应该成为引领社会思潮的有力武器。以"三个倡导"有效引领社会思潮,必须用中国特色社会主义理论体系武装头脑,进一步加强政策策略建设和制度建设;进一步深化改革发展,保证社会阶层利益和谐;继续扩大开放,端正扬弃态度,推进社会主义核心价值体系的普及;采取有效措施,巩固和加强引领社会思潮的实践路径。     

坚决抵制历史虚无主义思潮

历史虚无主义是当前冲击中国社会主流意识形态的主要危险社会思潮之一。历史虚无主义违背历史研究的原则,其本质是历史唯心主义,并且是明显的政治思潮而非单纯的学术思潮。坚决抵制历史虚无主义,要做到坚持马克思主义唯物史观,排除历史虚无主义在意识形态领域的干扰,开展多渠道研究与实践工作。     

加强哲学社会科学研究 牢牢掌握意识形态领域话语权

随着世界经济一体化的深入和我国对外开放的不断扩大,西方文化和价值观念对我国的影响程度加深,国际国内意识形态领域的斗争越来越激烈,为了坚持走社会主义道路,保证中国特色社会主义事业顺利发展,必须加强哲学社会科学研究,积极抢占意识形态领域前沿阵地,牢牢掌握意识形态领域的话语权。     

说“休”道“闲”

论述"休"、"闲"二字的原初构形意图,梳理二者意义发展的线索及其与相关字词的意义联系。指出休的字形构意与表示哺乳的乳字有相似之处,人对自然物的依赖犹如小孩对母亲的依赖,是文章的一个亮点。     

Ionization and dissociation of CH<Subscript>2</Subscript>I<Subscript>2</Subscript> and CH<Subscript>2</Subscript>ICl in femtosecond intense field

With the development of ultrafast laser technique,the femtosecond laser electric field is comparable to themolecular field experienced by valence electrons. In thiscase, the classical quantum mechanical theory, based onperturbation theory, becomes inapplicable. Theoreticalunderstanding of the interaction of molecules with intenselaser radiation is quite difficult. The Coulomb explosionhas been extensively studied[1—10] and explained by somesemiclassical models, such as the above threshold ion…     

Separation and Anti-Hantaan Virus Activity of Extracts from Alternanthera philoxcroides in vitro and in vivo

A water-soluble substance was extracted from the Chinese herb, Alternantheraphiloxcroides with hot water and alcohol. Aliquots of this initial extract were further fractionated by treatment with ether, ethyl acetate and alcohol respectively. The four extracts were assayed for anti-viral activity against three serum, Hantaan virus 114 （HV114）, HV435 and A9 strains. Results show that the four extracts are capable of inhibiting Hantaan virus propagation, of which extract No. 1 has the best efficiency. The three dosage of extract No. 1, which are used upon three Hantaan virus serum IC50, are 153, 157, 154 μg/mL. New-born mice were made to be infected with HV114 and then fed in vivo with extract No.l on the 3rd, 10th and 14th days after being infected by the virus. The treatment continued for 8 days with a dosage of 2.5 g/kg. Result shows that survival rates of mice were 75%, 50% and 0, respectively. The median time to death （MTDs） of the three groups were 37, 30, 23 days.     

Accumulation and distribution of arsenic and cadmium by tea plants

It is important to research the rules about accumulation and distribution of arsenic and cadmium by tea plants, which will give us some scientific ideas about how to control the contents of arsenic and cadmium in tea. In this study, by field investigation and pot trial, we found that mobility of arsenic and cadmium in tea plants was low. Most arsenic and cadmium absorbed were fixed in feeding roots and only small amount was transported to the above-ground parts. Distribution of arsenic and cadmium, based on their concentrations of unit dry matter, in tea plants grown on un-contaminated soil was in the order： feeding roots〉stems=main roots〉old leaves〉young leaves. When tea plants were grown on polluted soils simulated by adding salts of these two metals, feeding roots possibly acted as a buffer and defense, and arsenic and cadmium were transported less to the aboveground parts. The concentration of cadmium in soil significantly and negatively correlated with chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and biomass production of tea plants.     

Accurate localization and excision of genomic islands in four strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas fluorescens</Emphasis>

Mobile genomic islands (GIs) can be excised from the chromosome, then form a circular intermediate and be reintegrated into the chromosome by the GI internal integrase. Some mobile GIs can also be transferred into a new receptor cell by transformation, conjugation, or transduction. The action sites of the integrase are usually flanked direct repeats (DRs) of the GIs. Accurate localization of the flanking sequences is a precondition for determining the mobility of the GI. Mobile GIs are generally associated with transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Based on the correlation between flanking sequences and tRNA sequences, the flanking sequences of 11 putative mobile GIs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, P. aeruginosa PA14, P. fluorescens Pf-5 and P. fluorescens Pf0-1 were identified. Among the 11 GIs, Pf0-1GI-1 is responsible for benzoate degradation. PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3, and Pf5GI-4 were confirmed experimentally to be excised from a chromosome to form a circular intermediate. The action sites of the integrases are these GIs direct repeats. Due to distinct DRs, cutting sites for the internal integrase of PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3 and Pf5GI-4 were determined outside the T-loop of the tRNA^Gly gene, outside the anticodon loop of the tRNA^Ser gene and tRNA^Lys gene, and at the asymmetric 3′-end of the tRNA^Leu gene, respectively. PAO1GI-1 and other mobile GIs may be transferred into many different strains that belong to different phyla because of the clear flanking sequences. This study describes basic information about the action sites of the integrases, assesses the mobility of GIs, and can help design and transfer mobile GIs to candidate strains.     

Preparation of In<Subscript>2</Subscript>S<Subscript>3</Subscript> and Cu-Doped In<Subscript>2</Subscript>S<Subscript>3</Subscript> 2D Ultrathin Nanoflakes with Tunable Absorption and Intense Photocurrent Response

We reported an effective method to synthesize In₂S₃ and Cu-doped In₂S₃ two-dimensional ultrathin nanoflakes by the hydrothermal method through tuning the Cu/In molar ratio. The transmission electron microscope images showed that the products had ultrathin flake-like shape with wrinkling and rolling. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the crystal phase of nanoflakes was varied from β-In₂S₃ to tetragonal-CuInS₂ as the Cu/In molar ratio was increased. The In₂S₃ nanoflakes exhibited absorption band at 450 nm, while new absorption peaks in turn appeared at 550 nm and 670 nm as the Cu/In molar ratio was increased. In addition, the two-dimensional ultrathin nanoflakes exhibited intense photocurrent response.     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Spin-Liquid Tb2Ti2O7

Polycrystalline samples of a novel spin-liquid compound Tb2Ti2O7 were prepared by a standard solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction at room temperature confirms that the synthesized compound of Tb2Ti2O7 is single phase with cubic unit cell constant a0 of 1.015 44 nm. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range between 100 and 300 K give an effective moment of 9.44 μB and Curie-Weiss temperature of 12.68 K, respectively, indicating the dominance of antiferromagnetic interactions. However, below 50 K, the magnetic behavior of Tb2Ti2O7 deviates from Curie-Weiss law, whose origin remains suspicion.