一种改进的局部对比度图像增强算法

基于加权自适应直方图均衡法,本文提出了一种局部对比度增强算法.它既考虑了图像细节的增强,也考虑了噪声的抑制.针对图像中不同区域存在对比度差异的情况,通过参数设置使高对比度的区域细节增强较少,而低对比度的区域则加大增强细节的力度,从而改善图像视觉效果.由于在图像的增强处理过程中,忽略了对应于原图像中梯度小于某一域值ε的像素的计算,从而减少了图像增强需要的计算量.实验表明算法是有效的.     

基于CLAHE的X射线行李图像增强

提出了一种基于对比度受限自适应直方图均衡化(CLAHE)的X射线行李图像增强算法.首先使用一种背景区域快速填充方法降低背景噪声的干扰,然后采用CLAHE技术增强图像的对比度,最后采用一套组合锐化方案增强图像的细节.实验结果表明,使用所提方法能够快速有效地增强X射线行李图像的对比度,突出行李物品的细节.     

基于双窗口区域激励的边缘提取算法

针对常用的边缘提取算法如Sobel、Lo G及Canny在实际使用过程中存在的一些问题,提出了一种对噪声和光照更加鲁棒的边缘提取算法.通过提取双窗口区域的加权灰度比值到预先设置的对比函数中,结合Sigmoid函数生成边缘图像的激励值,从而削弱了噪声和光照对边缘检测的影响.为了进一步提高边缘图像的对比度,通过引入对比度增强算法如自适应直方图均衡化来提高图像对比度.实验结果表明:采用此方法能够更好地提取出图像中的边缘信息,有效缓解了Sobel算法存在的局部细节丢失以及Lo G和Canny算法易受光照干扰产生伪边缘等问题.     

基于曲波变换的视网膜血管图像增强算法

视网膜血管图像存在像素对比度低等特点,干扰正常的视网膜图像分割.针对视网膜血管的图像特性,提出了一种改进的基于曲波变换的视网膜血管图像增强算法.首先选取视网膜图像的绿色通道分量进行预处理,然后通过对变换系数的自适应增强完成图像的增强处理,并结合改进的形态学变换,实现图像细节的增强和背景噪声的抑制,使得图像对比度得到增强,细节信息更加明显.通过与其他增强算法的比较表明,该算法在增强对比度、降低噪声干扰等方面优于其他算法.     

红外图像增强方法的研究

为解决对比度差、边缘细节模糊等问题,提出了用分段增强法提高红外图像对比度.分段小波增强算法能有效地同时增强红外图像对比度及边缘细节,并抑制噪声.建立了表征图像边缘的特征向量.根据红外图像边缘的特征,准确提取红外图像的边缘.通过神经网络边缘检测法对样本集训练,使网络具有依据边缘特征向量求解场景中物理边缘的能力.实验结果表明神经网络边缘检测算法的精度优于其他算法,抗噪声能力强、边缘定位能力强、检测精度高.     

一种多尺度X射线胸片图像增强算法

针对医学X射线胸片增强的同时会在大尺度边缘产生伪影从而影响医学诊断的问题,提出了一种基于边缘的非线性X射线胸片增强算法(MSCE).该算法先将图像进行多尺度分解,然后结合人眼视觉对对比度敏感的感知特性,计算图像基于边缘的局部对比度,通过结合其局部对比度信息控制各尺度信号增强系数,最后重建得到增强后的图像.MSCE算法能在保证小信号增强能力的同时,较大限度地抑止大尺度信号边缘伪影.实验结果表明,与Vuylsteke以及Stahl的非线性增强算法相比,在保证同样细节增强能力的同时,其大尺度边缘区的平均局部方差分别下降了约36.78%和29.64%,实验验证了MSCE算法具有优越的整体视觉质量.     

基于对比度受限直方图均衡法的牛羊眼部图像增强方法

针对牛羊眼部纹理信息提取前需要对牛羊眼部图像进行增强处理的问题,采用对比度受限直方图均衡化方法对牛羊眼部图像进行增强处理。该算法首先将原始图像分割成若干个大小相同的子区域,再计算截取值对每个子区域的直方图进行截取,并将截取下的像素均匀分配到每个灰度级,得到限定对比度直方图,根据限定对比度直方图对原图进行灰度双线性插值生成增强图像。实验结果表明,使用对比度受限直方图均衡化方法对牛羊眼部图像进行增强处理,增强后的图像具有更高的图像细节和层次感,同时减少了图像的失真,具有较高的理论和实用价值。     

基于改进的高斯混合模型牙齿图像分割研究

针对边界模糊和对比度低的口腔CT图像中牙齿目标区域提取难的问题,提出了一种基于高斯混合模型与K-均值的改进聚类分割算法.该算法首先通过各向异性滤波对图像预处理,实现去噪平滑的同时增强图像的细节;然后利用K-均值完成初始划分,并根据分类后的像素值给出EM算法迭代的初始值,加快算法迭代到最优解,从而大大降低算法迭代次数,有效解决EM算法求解参数时随机选取初值点易导致GMM陷入局部最优解的问题,进而使分割区域完整;最后利用EM算法学习GMM,完成ML分割.实验结果表明:改进方法降低了计算复杂度,对噪声具有较强的鲁棒性,可获得更为理想的分割结果.     

基于侧抑制系数的红外图像细节增强算法

针对红外图像对比度低、细节不清晰和视觉效果模糊的缺点,提出了基于侧抑制系数的红外图像细节增强算法。通过分析指数分布侧抑制系数计算方法的不足,提出利用二次函数分布计算侧抑制系数的方法,提高算法增强红外图像细节的能力,利用红外图像本身的灰度信息自适应地调整侧抑制系数的参数,进而自适应确定侧抑制网络,对图像目标和背景进行不同程度的抑制,结合临界可偏差(just noticeable difference,JND)曲线中得到的人眼视觉分辨率特性,对图像进行能量恢复调整,使图像均值保持在人眼适宜观察的状态。仿真结果显示,与自适应指数函数侧抑制算法相比,算法处理后的红外图像对比度、信息熵以及信噪比都得到提高,图像细节更加清晰,视觉效果得到明显改善。     

一种新的红外图像的去噪和增强算法

针对红外图像信噪比小的特点,提出一种基于Prewitt算子的改进方向中值滤波（IDMF,Improved Directional Median Filter）去噪算法,通过Prewitt算子计算目标背景过渡区域(TBA, TargetandBackground Area）的梯度方向,以此找到对应的轮廓方向,在轮廓方向上进行中值滤波,在滤除噪声的同时可以较好地保留图像细节.同时,针对红外图像的灰度分布集中且对比度小的特点,提出了一种局部对比度增强和全局对比度增强相结合的增强算法.首先采用Roberts交     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with