两种氮杂环卡宾Pd(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及表征

以咪唑和吲唑为原料,合成了1,3–二乙基咪唑盐及1,2–二乙基吲唑盐.两种盐分别与Pd Cl2和K2CO3反应,合成了氮杂环卡宾Pd(Ⅱ)的配合物.通过核磁共振对两种卡宾前体盐及其相应配合物进行表征.结果表明:实验中利用溴乙烷制备咪唑盐,碘乙烷和乙腈制备吲唑盐能够达到较好的效果,并成功合成了两种氮杂环卡宾Pd(Ⅱ)配合物,即(1,3-二乙基咪唑基)吡啶基二氯化钯(Ⅱ)和(1,2-二乙基吲唑基)吡啶基二溴化钯(Ⅱ).     

离子液体中间体1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐的合成研究

在无溶剂条件下,以1,2-二甲基咪唑和1-溴丁烷为原料合成1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐[BuMeMeIm]Br;该反应没有使用有毒有害的有机溶剂,对环境影响小,产物纯化处理易于操作,是一个成功的绿色化学反应。研究了反应时间、反应温度、1,2-二甲基咪唑与1-溴丁烷的摩尔比及溶剂对[BuMeMeIm]Br收率的影响,产物结构通过IR和1H-NMR确证。实验结果表明在反应温度80℃,反应时间18 h,1,2-二甲基咪唑和1-溴丁烷摩尔比为1∶1.1,收率为80.3%。     

1-烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐的合成及表征

以1,2-二甲基咪唑和溴代烷烃为原料,合成了5种离子液体中间体1-烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐.讨论了反应时间、反应温度和原料摩尔比对产物收率的影响,得到最佳的条件是:溴代烷烃与1,2-二甲基咪唑以1.1∶1(摩尔比)的比例,在90℃下反应24 h.产物结构经IR和1H-NMR确证,得出结论:阳离子烷基链长度的增加会使3 100~3 000 cm-1波数范围内谱带减弱,降低离子液体的熔点,而对咪唑环上质子化学位移影响不大.     

2-苯基-4,5-二(4′-溴苯基)咪唑的合成及反应机理

研究2-苯基-4,5-二(4′-溴苯基)咪唑的合成及反应机理.以对溴苯甲醛为原料通过催化,氧化生成1,2-二(4′-溴苯基)乙二酮,再以其与苯甲醛、醋酸胺和醋酸通过德布斯法合成2-苯基-4,5-二(4′-溴基苯基)咪唑.优化对最后环合加成反应的工艺条件并研究其反应机理,较佳反应条件为1,2-二(4′-溴苯基)乙二酮∶苯甲醛∶醋酸铵物质的量比为1∶1.2 ∶10,醋酸2 mL,反应时间5 h .在此条件下,目标产物收率达92.3 %.     

一种阳离子型双子表面活性剂合成的因素探讨

用1,2-二溴乙烷和十二烷基二甲基叔胺合成了一种阳离子型双子表面活性剂——乙烷-1,2-二(十二烷基二甲基溴化铵),记为12-2-12,并对合成产物进行了表征.结果表明,合成产物即为目标产物.合成的最佳条件是:反应温度是70℃,药品加入次序是1,2-二溴乙烷和十二烷基二甲基叔胺,物料比为n(1,2-二溴乙烷):n(十二烷基二甲基叔胺)=2∶1,持续加热20h,收率92.6％.     

水相合成1,2-二苯乙烷

以Zn粉和CuCl2为催化剂,以氯化苄为原料在水相中合成出1,2-二苯乙烷。在以下条件下n(氯化苄)∶n(Zn)∶n(CuCl2)=0.5∶1∶0.05,室温,反应6 h,1,2-二苯乙烷收率为97.6%。     

新配体4-(2’-溴乙氧基)-2,6-二(N,N-二乙胺基甲基)吡啶的合成

以白屈氨酸为原料,经酯化反应得到4-羟基-2,6-二乙酯基吡啶(化合物1),然后酰胺化得到4-羟基-2,6-双(N,N-二乙基甲酰胺)吡啶(化合物2),再与1,2-二溴乙烷进行反应得到4-(2-溴乙氧基-2,6-二(N,N-二乙基甲酰胺)吡啶(化合物3),最后用NaBH4和I2混合物对酰胺进行还原反应,得到目标产物4-(2-溴乙氧基)-2,6-二(N,N-二乙胺基甲基)吡啶(化合物4)。产物通过红外光谱(IR)、元素分析和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)确认结构。当NaBH4与I2的摩尔比为3时,目标产物的产率可以达到32.3%。     

含酯基Gemini咪唑表面活性剂的合成与性能

以咪唑,溴代烷(1-溴辛烷,1-溴癸烷,1-溴十二烷、1-溴十四烷、1-溴十六烷)和1,2-双(氯乙酰氧基)乙烷为主要原料合成了5个新型含酯基Gemini咪唑表面活性剂,通过FTIR和1H NMR确认了目标产物的结构。室温下测定了表面张力、乳化性能和起泡性能,结果表明随着烷基链长的增加,表面活性剂的表面活性提高,同时表现出良好的乳化能力和泡沫能力。     

新型含芳香核柔性双咪唑配体及其配合物的合成与结构表征

基于含氮杂环配体的金属配位聚合物的独特性能,以取代位置不同的苯二酚、萘二酚、萘醌和蒽醌为起始原料,与1,2-二溴乙烷反应生成芳烃的双溴取代物,然后再与咪唑在碱性条件下发生取代反应,合成得到六种含芳香环的双咪唑类配体(Ⅰ-Ⅵ).结果表明,所有产物的结构均经熔点、IR、1H NMR和元素分析表征,所得数据与结构完全吻合,并对配体Ⅲ与Zn(NO3)2·6H2O形成的配位聚合物晶体结构进行了测定.     

手性脯氨醇类咪唑配体的制备

以N-Boc-L-脯氨醇(Boc:tert-butoxycarbonyl)为原料,设计合成了三种手性氮杂环卡宾前体:手性1-(3,5-苯二甲酸甲酯甲基)-3-(2-N-Boc-吡咯甲基)咪唑溴化盐,手性1-(3,5-苯二甲酸甲基)-3-(2-吡咯甲基)咪唑溴化盐和1,3-二苄基双(2-N-Boc-吡咯甲基)二咪唑溴化盐.通过核磁共振谱图对三种氮杂环卡宾前体进行了表征,同时对其氮杂环卡宾钯配合物的合成进行了研究.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that