异丁基硼酸的超声辐射合成

在超声条件下,以卤代烃、金属镁粉、硼酸酯为原料合成了异丁基硼酸.反应的最佳条件为:以碘及二溴乙烷做催化剂,超声波功率为175 W,反应时间为15 min,反应温度为40℃.     

硼氢化还原法合成二氢高红霉素硼酸酯反应条件的优化

以红霉素亚胺醚为原料, 采用硼氢化物的催化还原体系合成二氢高红霉素硼酸酯, 以TLC监测反应进程, 探索了反应的适宜条件, 并对样品进行了表征. 结果表明: 以甲醇-水为反应溶剂, Pt/C(w(Pt)=1.5%)为催化剂, 在红霉素亚胺醚与硼氢化钾的物质的量之比为1︰7、反应温度为5 ℃和反应时间为6 h等条件下, 二氢高红霉素硼酸酯的产率高于95%, 样品符合《中国药典》和《美国药典》中二氢高红霉素硼酸酯的质量要求.     

新型含氮酸酯极压抗磨剂的合成及性能

合成了一种亚胺型含氮硼酸酯极压抗磨剂,并用IR、UV和<'1>H NMR对产物进行了表征,用测水和正交分析的方法确定了最佳的工艺条件,用四磨球机对产物进行了性能测试.该工艺的原料廉价易得,产物易于分离,溶剂能回收循环使用,反应步骤短,操作简单,有利于大规模工业化生产,且副产物是水,提高了环境友好性.结果表明:在邻氨基苯酚、苯甲醛、硼酸和十八醇摩尔比为1.2:1.0:1.2:2.0,温度为110℃,两步各反应2 h的最佳条件下,反应酯化率可达91.07%;经四球长磨实验表明,当含氮硼酸酯在液体石蜡中的添加量为质量分数3%时,抗磨性能提高22.62%.     

聚苯乙烯三乙醇胺树脂的相转移催化作用

摘要:聚苯乙烯三乙醇胺树脂能够作为催化剂应用于酯的水解,C-取代反应(α-丁基苯乙腈的合成),O-取代反应(醚和酯的合成),N-取代反应(N-取代邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成),卤素取代反应(正丁基碘的合成)和缩合反应(苄叉丙酮的合成)中,催化效果良好,是一种新型高分子相转移催化剂.     

无溶剂条件下三氯化铁高效催化合成N1-取代的3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

无溶剂、80℃条件下,三氯化铁为催化剂,芳香醛、β-酮酯、单取代(硫)脲三组分"一锅法"高效合成了一系列N1-取代的3,4-二氢嘧啶酮.考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度对产率的影响,确定较佳反应条件为:n_醛:n_酯:n_脲=1:1:1,三氯化铁3 mol%,反应温度80℃.在较佳反应条件下,考察了各种芳香醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯(乙酰乙酸甲酯)、单取代脲(硫脲)的反应效果,并合成了八种新物质.所有产品结构通过IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和元素分析进行表征.最后提出了可能的催化作用机理.该方法具有操作简单、不使用任何有机溶剂、反应条件温和、催化剂廉价易得、底物范围广等优点.     

小分子烷基硼酸的合成与应用

以小分子烷基溴为原料, 在氮气保护下, 通过格氏反应合成了小分子烷基硼酸.考察了温度、反应时间和物料配比等因素对收率的影响.优化合成条件为: n(烷基溴) : n(硼酸三甲酯) =1∶1.5, 反应温度为- 20~-30℃, 反应时间 140 min,总收率 39.5~75.6%.1H 和 11B NMR分析表明所得产物与目标产物结构一致.     

三异丙醇胺硼酸酯的合成与表征

以三异丙醇胺和硼酸为原料, 经酯化反应合成三异丙醇胺硼酸酯, 并用重结晶方法纯化, 制得高纯度的终产物, 产物结构通过质谱(MS)、 核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、 红外光谱(FTIR)等方法表征. 研究反应物物质的量比、 反应温度、 反应时间和共沸溶剂对合成反应的影响以及重结晶溶剂和溶剂比例对纯化效果的影响. 结果表明, 最优条件下合成的三异丙醇胺硼酸酯的质量分数为99.8%, 收率为87.1%.     

三氯化铁氧化法提取海藻中的碘

以自然界中丰富的海藻为原料,利用FeC13的氧化性,提取单质碘,并对不同工艺条件下影响单质碘的提取的因素进行探讨.     

带α－取代酯基的不饱和羧酸酯的碘诱导环化反应

在实验中使用了气相色谱、核磁共振氢谱及高分辨快原子轰击质谱跟踪了带α－取代酯基（羧酯基和磷酯基）的不饱和羧酸酯的碘诱导环化反应，提出一个新的中间体的概念和相应的反应机理，并根据该机理对反应条件作了改变，首次合成了带有α－取代酯基的不饱和羧酸酯的内酯化产物。     

聚乙二醇负载二醋酸碘苯试剂的制备及其参与"一锅法"合成2,5-二取代噁唑衍生物的研究

聚乙二醇(MW=4 000)与3-碘苯甲酸在4-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)和N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)存在下于二氯甲烷溶剂中反应得到聚乙二醇负载3-碘苯甲酸酯,继而在醋酸介质中与四水过硼酸钠作用制得聚乙二醇负载的二醋酸碘苯试剂.在该试剂及三氟甲磺酸作用下,α-甲基芳酮和腈能以优良的产率一锅法生成2,5-二取代噁唑衍生物.同时,聚乙二醇支撑的二醋酸碘苯试剂在此反应中显示出较好的反应活性,反应条件温和,并且可循环使用,对环境友好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that