激光烧结与等静压复合技术制造致密合金零件

通过机械混合Fe,C及环氧树脂粉末配制了选择性激光烧结(SLS)用复合材料,利用SLS方法制备了生坯.分别经过脱脂预烧、冷等静压(CIP)、高温烧结和热等静压(HIP)处理提高其致密度,进而改善其力学性能.并采用阿基米德定律、环境扫描电镜与万能拉伸试验机分别对HIP试样的致密度、微观组织与力学性能进行测试.结果表明:合金材料致密度达到97%左右,极限拉伸强度超过350 MPa,延伸率大于9%,经HIP处理后试样显微组织为粒状珠光体与铁素体.     

固溶处理对镍-铬-钼合金力学性能的影响及断口分析

采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等方法研究了热压成形镍-铬-钼合金固溶前后的金相组织、相的组成、断口形貌,以及固溶处理对合金力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:经1250 ℃/4 h固溶处理后的合金全为Ni的固溶体,而未经固溶处理和经1200 ℃/4 h固溶处理的合金除了含有Ni的固溶体外,还有单质Mo和一些金属间化合物;未经固溶处理的合金呈脆性断裂,拉伸强度要比固溶后合金的强度低,而固溶后合金呈延性断裂.经 1250℃/4 h和1200 ℃/4 h固溶处理后合金显示出以韧窝为主的断口形貌,与合金的延性断裂力学性能测试结果一致,而未经固溶处理的合金呈现以解理为主的断口形貌,与合金的脆性断裂力学性能测试结果一致.固溶处理前合金的硬度要比处理后的合金硬度高.     

纳米晶W-Ni-Fe复合粉末烧结过程中的致密化与显微组织演变

采用溶胶喷雾干燥-热还原法制备纳米晶93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末,利用高温热膨胀仪测定和研究纳米品复合粉末的烧结收缩动力学曲线特征,计算纳米晶W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的固相烧结激活能,并利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析致密化过程中显微组织的演变规律.研究结果表明:纳米晶W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的开始收缩和剧烈收缩温度分别为900℃和1 120℃,其最大的线收缩率达0.097 ％/℃;在1 200℃以下的固相烧结阶段,压坯便发生显著的致密化,其致密化程度可达98％以上,固相烧结的表观激活能为154.83 kJ/mol,比传统粉末烧结激活能大大降低;在固相烧结期间,W晶粒尺寸长大缓慢,在1 380℃以上液相烧结时W晶粒长大急剧加快.     

固溶时效处理对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、室温和高温压缩试验等方法研究了固溶时效对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.Ni50Ti44Al6合金的铸态微观组织是由NiTi基体和沿晶界分布的网状组织构成.随着固溶温度升高,合金中的网状组织部分消失,第二相在基体中趋向于均匀的弥散分布;随时效时间延长,合金的强度先升高后降低.固溶时效处理能有效改善Ni50Ti44Al6合金的力学性能.最佳的处理制度为:合金在1150℃固溶6 h,水淬,再在700℃时效6 h.     

高碳、高合金铁基渗铜烧结阀座材料

研究了基体中不同合金元素及热处理对高碳、高合金铁基渗铜烧结阀座材料的密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明，用机械混合高碳、高合金粉末压坯经过一步法烧结／熔渗后，密度达到７．８８ｇ／ｃｍ＾３（相对密度９８．２％），硬度和抗弯强度分别达到ＨＲｃ４５．４和１１２４ＭＰａ。将渗铜后的材料在９００℃淬火，５８０℃高温回火后，铁颗粒中组织主要为回火马氏体，材料硬度达到ＨＲｃ４０以上。     

纳米W-Ni-Fe复合粉末制备技术研究现状

钨合金具有高密度、高硬度、高强度和延性好等优良综合力学性能和特性,是广泛应用于国防工业、航空航天和民用工业的军民两用合金材料。现代科技发展对钨合金性能提出了更高的要求。高密度钨合金一般经W、Ni、Fe及其它合金元素粉末的混合、压制、液相烧结,以及后处理等工艺制备而成。然而,要获得高性能钨合金,细晶、超细晶或纳米晶W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的制备是重要前提。本文从技术角度总结和分析现有的纳米W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的制备方法,对其优点及不足进行了介绍。     

机械活化粉末制备W-Cu合金的微观组织

为了改善制备工艺和提高W-Cu合金的密度与性能,对原料粉末进行了机械活化处理,通过成形和烧结制备了W-Cu合金,考察了活化后粉末的变化,观察了合金的烧结组织并测量了密度.结果表明,机械活化能增大钨铜粉末的表面能和晶格畸变能,有效地促进烧结,改善烧结组织;烧结体中存在大量团絮状组织,团粒内部钨颗粒主要以固相方式烧结在一起,而团粒之间则以液相烧结为主.烧结组织细密、均匀,相对密度达98%以上;烧结组织中钨铜两相在微米尺度下仍然结合良好,部分界面出现了互溶.     

关于Ni—Be—Ti弹性合金材料的成分偏析现象和固溶处理

用金相显微镜分析法、电子探针微区分析法和X射线衍射法,研究了四种成分不同的Ni—Be—Ti弹性合金材料的成分偏析现象和固溶处理后的金相组织。实验结果表明,合金中存在熔炼时保留下来的局部成分偏析。比较了各种温度和时间的固溶处理效果,我们认为采用1060℃保温60分钟的固溶处理工艺是适宜的。     

纳米Ti(CN)基金属陶瓷烧结过程中的相成分变化

采用在不同温度下真空烧结和X射线衍射研究纳米Ti(CN)基金属陶瓷在烧结过程中的相成分演变。研究结果表明:纳米Ti(CN)基金属陶瓷在900℃后,Mo2C和TaC由于扩散而发生固溶反应;在1 200℃前,Mo2C和TaC固溶反应结束,两相均消失;WC在1 100℃后,开始由于扩散而发生固溶反应,在1 250℃前消失;在1 250℃后,合金中只有Ti(CN)和Ni(Ni Co)两相存在;与纳米Ti(CN)基金属陶瓷不同,微米Ti(CN)基金属陶瓷中的WC在1 200℃后,由于扩散而发生固溶反应,在1 300℃消失;纳米Ti(CN)基金属陶瓷在固相反应完成之前,随着烧结温度的升高,硬质相和粘结相的晶格常数增加。     

固溶处理对Inconel 690合金组织影响

通过研究不同固溶温度对Inconel690合金硬度、晶粒度和析出相的影响,以期确定Inconel690合金固溶工艺.研究结果表明:固溶温度对Inconel690合金硬度有比较明显的影响,而对晶粒度影响很大.温度超过1 070℃时,发生晶粒显著长大现象.从理论计算和扫描电镜分析得出Inconel690合金中(Fe,Cr,Ni)23C6碳化物的完全溶解温度范围为1 070～1 090℃.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with