氢对Ti—Al—V钛合金的冲击韧性及组织的影响

在分析和试验了Ti-Al-V钛合金锻材的化学成分、金相组织和室温机械性能后，将其加工成冲击试样，采用人工吸氢法使其获得了不同的氢含量。继而，测出了该种钛合金的冲击韧性值（αK）与氢含量的关系曲线。随后，用氢含量为48ppm、137ppm、361ppm和666ppm的4个样品和它们各自的冲击断口，分别进行了金相和扫描电镜（SEM）的分析工作，获得了不同氢含量的此种钛合金的金相组织及其氢化物在组织中的分布和形态；再结合对不同氢含量试样的冲击断口的SEM分析结果，得到了氢化物呈细小的薄片状析出及其在此种合金内的析出特征。     

流动注射浊度法测定水中SO_4~(2-)

本文介绍一种流动注射浊度测定SO_4~(2-)的方法。测定范围为10ppm～180ppm;检出限为2ppm;SO_4~(2-)含量为120ppm时的相对误差小于1.0％;进样频率为90 h~(-1)。对天然水样分析,得到的结果与标准方法一致。     

β-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷的合成

用不同配体的Pt配合物催化三甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)与1,2-环氧-4-乙烯基环己烷(EVCX)的硅氢加成反应合成了β-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷.通过气质联用仪对反应产物进行分析,确定了主产物的结构.讨论了催化剂用量、反应温度等条件对反应的影响,筛选出了最佳的的反应条件.Pt-C38H34N2P2催化剂用量为40ppm表现出最佳的催化活性,当反应控温在80-90℃之间,β-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷的产率可达80%以上.     

O_2、CO、CO_2、N_2O、NO、NO_2和C_3H_6混合气的同时色谱检测

在改装的102G型气相色谱仪上,采用氢火焰离子检测器、电子捕获检测器和5 A分子筛、10%OV-101/Chromosorb W、G.D.X.-502等色谱分离柱,对文题进行了研究,得到了准确的定量分析结果。它们的最低检测浓度为:O_2、N_2O是5 ppm,NO_2、CO、CO_2和丙烯是1 ppm,NO是20ppm。该法具有检测灵敏度高,操作方便,分析快速等优点,适合在燃烧尾气的测定和治理工作中使用。     

γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基甲基二氯硅烷的合成

采用自制的Pt配合物催化剂,通过硅氢加成合成了新型功能硅烷偶联剂—γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基甲基二氯硅烷,利用元素分析、IR、1HNMR对产物结构进行了表征。探讨了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、原料配比对产物产率的影响。当催化剂用量为45ppm,反应温度控制在70~75℃,反应时间为3.5h,甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯与甲基二氯硅烷的物质的量比为1.3:1时硅烷的收率达到85%以上。     

铁铬铝合金的氢致脆性

研究了铁铬铝热轧淬水盘条在200℃恒温处理过程中力学性能的变化,以及氢含量,碳化物对合金塑性的影响。结果表明:合金中含氢使盘条变脆,当盘条中氢含量大于1ppm时,随氢含量增加盘条的塑性急剧下降,当盘条中氢含量大于2ppm时,在拉伸时导致脆断。电子金相断口表明:合金的氢脆断口一般为准解理断裂,随合金中氢含量下降,塑性提高的同时,断口由准解理向韧窝型断裂过渡。 试验指出:为提高合金的塑性,合金中碳含量应控制在下限;同时,在冶金生产中,更应注意为消除合金的氢脆而应采取必要的措施。     

N-（5-取代-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基）-酰胺类化合物的合成、结构表征及其生物活性研究

为了寻找高效生物活性的化合物,笔者设计合成了一系列同时含有1,3,4-噻二唑、酰胺及芳氧亚甲基等活性基团的化合物.首先以取代羧酸和氨基硫脲为起始原料,三氯氧磷为脱水剂,脱水环化得到2-氨基-5-取代-1,3,4-噻二唑,然后再将所得到的产物与酰氯进行酰胺化反应,合成出12个新的N-(5-取代-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-酰胺类化合物.将所合成的化合物通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱等测试手段进行分析,确证结构.初步观察了所合成的目标化合物在10 ppm浓度下对小麦胚鞘发芽的影响,测试结果表明,所合成的目标化合物中大部分对小麦芽鞘生长具有抑制作用.     

干电池电液的快速净化──控制电位电解法

本文详细报导了控制电位电解法快速净化电液的实验研究工作。经多次实验表明:外加电压控制在0.8V左右,电流密度(i.d)稳定在70～80A/m~2,经约15小时连续电解,重金属杂质含量可从30多ppm(μgml~(-1))(杂质离子总含量)降至0.5ppm(μgml~(-1))以下,0.13ppm,Ni~(2+)为016ppm,Fe~(2+)为0.15ppm,pb~(2+)为<0.1ppm(μgml~(-1))等,完全符合电液的部颁的质量标准。     

原油在超声波作用下氧化脱硫研究

采用氧化剂和破乳剂,对辽河原油进行超声-氧化脱硫研究。考察反应温度、反应时间、氧化剂用量、破乳剂用量对脱硫率的影响,并比较超声波作用下氧化脱硫与单一氧化脱硫效果。实验结果表明,超声-氧化脱硫具有明显的优势,最佳实验条件为:反应温度65℃、反应时间10 min、氧化剂用量200×10-6(ppm)、破乳剂用量60×10-6(ppm)。在此条件下,原油脱硫率达65.28%。     

乙烯利对西胡芦形态、性别和产量的影响

用一系列浓度梯度(Oppm,100ppm,150ppm,200ppm,250ppm)的乙烯利水溶液喷施西葫芦幼苗叶片,均可使其植株矮化、叶面积缩小、叶色深绿。且随乙烯利处理浓度的升高,此现象呈相应梯度变化。乙烯利处理能使西葫芦雌花开放时间提早且数目增加,早期产量增加显著,总产量也明显提高。其中以100-150ppm处理组的增产效果最佳。     

一个翡翠新品种的发现

在缅甸发现一个翡翠新品种——榴辉翠,其主要组成矿物为石榴石和绿辉石,是绿辉石质翡翠类的新成员,也是榴辉岩的新类型。它呈深绿色,有淡黄绿色斑点,其他宝石学特征与绿辉石质翡翠相似。用电子探针、X射线粉晶分析、红外光谱等测试手段对榴辉翠进行了详细研究。     

Heterogeneity of water in UHP eclogites from Bixiling in Dabieshan： Evidence fromgarnet

Garnets in ultrahigh pressure (UHP) eclogites from Bixiling in Dabieshan were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The results demonstrate that all garnets contain structural water which occurs as hydroxyl (OH), with contents ranging from 164 to 2034 ppm (H2O wt.) and mostly higher than 500 ppm. Like omphacite which is another major OH-rich mineral in eclogites, garnet is an important carrier that can recycle the surface water into deep mantles. Heterogeneity of water in garnets exists not only among different samples of the same outcrop (～150 m), but also among different crystals of the same sample (～1 cm). This indicates that the mobility of fluids during UHP metamorphism is very limited (possibly on centimeter scales), and that both subduction and exhumation processes of UHP rocks are very fast.     

Discovery of eclogite at northern margin of Qaidam Basin, NW China

Eclogite was first discovered at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin in this study. It occurs as pods in the gneiss sequence of Middle to Upper Proterozoic age and is mainly composed of garnet, omphacite, phengite and rutile. The garnets contain 44%-62% of almandine, 15%-33% of grossular and 12%-30% of pyrope molecules, and the omphacites contain 40%-46% of jadeite. Applying garnet_clinopyroxene thermometry and jadeite geobarometry, the peak conditions of eclogite facies metamorphism occurred at about (722±123)℃ and at the pressure of up to c. 22 ×10 8 Pa.     

Textural and chemical zoning in garnets related to mantle metasomatism and deformation processes

A few texturally-zoned garnets were found in a polymict peridotite (JJG1414) from the Cretaceous kimberlite, Kimberley, South Africa. The systematic analyses of electron and ion microprobe as well as laser fluorination technique reveal the existencal of marked elemental and oxygen isotopic zonation in these garnets, corresponding to the textural zonation. The rims are normally enriched in Ca, Ti, Cr, LREE, Sr, Nb, and depleted in Mg, Al and¹⁸O. It is demonstrated that these garnets were infiltrated by melts/fluids, probably representing the disequilibrated products of fluid-assisted mantle deformation.     

Barite in omphacite-hosted K-feldspar ＋ quartz polycrystalline aggregates from the Sulu eclogites and its implications

K-feldspar quartz polycrystalline aggregates were found as sub-millimeter-size inclusions with a pseudomorph after coesite (?) in omphacites from a number of Sulu eclogites. In these aggregates, round or subhedral barites occur as tiny inclusions in either K-feldspar or quartz. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses show that these barites have (1) 33.86%―41.12% SO3, 0%―34.65% SrO, and 24.12%―63.55% BaO, (2) seemingly negative linear correlations between SrO and BaO, indicating that they are ideal solid solutions of barite (BaSO4) and celestite (SrSO4), and (3) highly variable Sr/Ba molar ratios ranging from 0 to 2.1. Presence of barites in the Sulu eclogites not only indicates oxidation of the subducting continental crust, but also very limited and restricted fluids pre- sented during exhumation of the Sulu UHP eclogites.     

Lc4超硬铝合金的氢脆特点

利用ＴＥＭ、ＳＥＭ和阴极渗氢等方法研究了峰值时效（Ｔ６）、过时效（Ｔ７３）及Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｔｉ对Ｌｃ４超硬铝显微组织、断口形貌和截面收缩率的影响．研究结果表明，过时效和微量元素能降低超硬铝的氢脆敏感性，当合金中的氢含量＜０．１９×１０－６时，无氢脆效应；当合金中氢含量提高到０．４９～０．５３×１０－６时，出现明显的氢脆效应．本文还讨论了Ｌｃ４超硬铝的氢脆机理．     

Hydrogen effect on the mechanical behaviour and microstructural features of a Fe-Mn-C twinning induced plasticity steel

The influences of hydrogen on the mechanical properties and the fracture behaviour of Fe-22Mn-0.6C twinning induced plasticity steel have been investigated by slow strain rate tests and fractographic analysis.The steel showed high susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement,which led to 62.9%and 74.2%reduction in engineering strain with 3.1 and 14.4 ppm diffusive hydrogen,respectively.The fracture surfaces revealed a transition from ductile to brittle dominated fracture modes with the rising hydrogen contents.The underlying deformation and fracture mechanisms were further exploited by examining the hydrogen effects on the dislocation substructure,stacking fault probability,and twinning behaviour in pre-strained slow strain rate test specimens and notched tensile specimens using coupled electron channelling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction techniques.The results reveal that the addition of hydrogen promotes planar dislocation structures,earlier nucleation of stacking faults,and deformation twinning within those grains which have tensile axis orientations close to<111>//rolling direction and<112>//rolling direction.The developed twin lamellae result in strain localization and micro-voids at grain boundaries and eventually lead to grain boundary decohesion.     

Discovery of super-silicic and super-titanic garnets in garnet-pyroxenite in Zhaheba and its geological significance

Super-silicic garnet which exists stably at more than 5 GPa is a typical ultra-high pressure mineral. The super-silicic garnet and super-titanic garnet were discovered for the first time in garnet-pyroxenlte of early Paleozoic Zhaheba-Aermantai orogenic belt in north Xinjiang. Our study indicates that these su per-silicic garnets as well as super-Utanic garnets were formed at a depth of at least 300 km. Their host rock-garnet-pyroxenite is one kind of ultra-pressure metamorphic rocks which is related to the ultra-deep subduction of the oceanic crust. Thus, the early Paleozoic Zhaheba-Aermantai orogenic belt is related to the ultra-deep aubduction of the Paleo-Aaian oceanic crust.     

5,10,15,20-四[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基]卟啉的合成与表征

以正丙酸、冰乙酸和硝基苯为混合溶剂, 以对羟基苯甲醛和吡咯为原料, 合成了5,10,15,20-四(4-羟基苯基)卟啉(THPP)．然后以THPP与环氧氯丙烷为原料,在异丙醇中以氢氧化钠为催化剂合成了5,10,15,20-四[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基]卟啉(TEPPP)．利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和荧光分光光度计分别对THPP和TEPPP的化学结构和光学性质进行了表征与测试．结果表明:1 349 cm-1和916 cm-1处为TEPPP卟啉环中C = N键伸缩振动吸收峰和环氧化物环的(C―O―C键)不对称伸缩振动吸收峰．TEPPP的1H NMR谱图中,在δ 2.92～4.60内5个位移峰峰面积比为1:1:1:1:1,与TEPPP中环氧基团的不同氢原子数比相一致．TEPPP的UV-Vis谱图具有与卟啉结构相符合的吸收峰．通过荧光光谱研究了THPP和TEPPP的荧光性质,并计算得到了二者的荧光量子产率分别为0.08和0.16．     

稻壳糟蛋白饲料的研究

本文报道利用热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis 2.637)以固体糟为底物,在发酵料中加入锌终浓度15ppm、钼20ppm,稀土元素0.1％,尿素2％时,30℃培养48小时后,粗蛋白含量由本底20.93％提高到36.21％。