包容式节点桁架多目标分层优化设计

针对包容式节点桁架优化设计变量多、优化问题规模大,采用单层混合优化策略计算量大且不易收敛的问题,提出基于子空间和耦合约束的分层协同优化策略,将设计空间分为三个子空间,分别是整体层、截面层和曲面形状优化层,上一层优化结果为下一层提供输入量,下一层为上一层提供耦合约束;对设计变量进行灵敏度分析,确定各个优化层的目标函数和约束条件.结果表明,该优化方法能够较好地处理具有层次关系的工程优化问题.     

正交计算设计法

根据正交设计的理论,本文提出了正交计算设计法。该法利用正交表,用球域内随机点法确定计算点。该法是一种求解无约束或有约束优化问题的直接解法。它既发扬了网络法[3]的简单、直观,对目标函数无特殊要求、约束条件容易控制等优点,又避免了网络法计算量大的缺点。由于找到了按行构造正交表的方法,使得程序编制变得简便,且存储量也大为减少。计算实例表明:该法的计算精度能满足一般工程要求;它适用于中小型优化课题,是一种可行的实用优化法。     

非完整Lagrange系统的Poincare方程

以时间、广义坐标和速度特征函数构成的扩充约束运动空间为基础，讨论描述约束性质的微分向量场和确定沿系统运动的时间变化的微分向量场的性质，从相应的Ｊｏｕｒｄａｉｎ原理，导出了具有任意Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ函数的非完整Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ系统的Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒｅ方程．     

压力机机身的优化设计

本研究采用的优化方法是复合形法．在五维非线性约束的设计空间内选择和改进设计点，并通过平面问题的有限元法计算出每个设计点的目标函数值（机身体积）以及校验隐式约束所需要的单元应力和节点位移． 作为实例，本文还着重对Ｊ２３—６．３型开式可倾压力机机身的优化问题进行了分析计算．     

多目标模糊优化方法及其在工程设计中应用

应用多目标模糊优化方法,以工程设计中桥式起重机箱形主梁设计为实例,建立了桥式起重机箱形主梁多目标模糊优化设计的数学模型,构造了模糊目标集,确定了多目标函数的模糊性和约束的模糊性,并应用最优水平截集法实现了模糊约束到实数论域上的集合转换,从而用遗传算法寻求到子目标函数在可行域空间的最优解和约束最优值.优化结果表明,在工程设计中应用多目标模糊优化方法是可行和有效的.     

非线性不等式约束优化问题的指数型精确罚函数算法

针对非线性不等式约束优化问题,通过增加一个变量构造了一种新的指数型罚函数,进而证明了该罚函数的光滑性和精确性.进一步,设计了一种求解非线性不等式约束优化问题的精确罚函数算法.数值计算的结果表明了该算法的可行性.     

考虑结构自振周期约束的抗震结构的多目标多级优化设计

本文利用抗震结构的多目标多级优化设计理论，对考虑结构自振周期约束的抗震结构优化设计进行了研究，并根据规范ＧＢＪ１１－８９给出的四类场地的特征周期，计算了剪切型钢框架的算例。结果表明，在抗震结构优化设计中考虑结构自振周期约束有利于结构的抗震。     

约束函数估值策略辅助的微粒群算法

针对约束函数计算费时的优化问题,提出了一种基于分类器的预测微粒群算法。通过构造一个分类器对种群个体进行约束条件满足与否的估计判断,从而减少约束函数的计算时间,缩短整个优化时间。在13个标准测试函数上的测试结果表明,本文提出的方法可以大大减少约束函数的实际计算次数。     

基于多代理模型的自适应约束优化算法及在铆头优化设计中的应用

为了求解需要消耗大量计算资源的非线性约束的工程优化问题,提出一种基于多代理模型的自适应约束优化算法.首先给优化问题中的目标函数及每一个约束函数分配一个代理模型候选集,其次通过交叉检验确定每一函数相应候选集内代理模型,对研究问题拟合性能排序,并根据排序结果构造一系列原优化问题的近似模型,应用序列二次规划算法求解,当候选集内代理模型数目不一致时,优先选择具有最优性能的代理模型.候选集内代理模型是保留或删除则基于代理模型拟合性能评价结果确定,新样本通过求解构造的近似模型、非均匀变异算子和混合杂交算子BLX-0. 5三种方式协同获得.最后应用提出的算法求解4个典型的数学优化问题,结果表明基于自适应优化算法得到的近似优化解均较好地逼近于理论最优解;同时应用提出的算法对汽车轮毂轴承单元轴铆工艺中的铆头成形曲面进行优化设计,优化结果较好.     

PTZS-I振动筛支承弹簧的优化设计

弹簧设计大多采用基本公式法。这种方法虽然可以满足结构性能要求,但是否为最佳设计,无法评价。本文运用约束随机法进行了弹簧的优化设计,求出最佳解。弹簧优化设计的方法是:首先确定弹簧类型,运用基本公式建立优化模型——目标函数和约束函数,然后通过计算机计算,最后得到最佳设计方案。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the