Gewinnung von Leukocyten aus Rinderblut unter Verwendung von Wasser als Hämolytikum

Summary A method is described for separating the white elements of cow's blood. Addition of water causes a complete haemolysis. About 30 sec later, isotonic conditions are restored by admixing appropriate concentrations of physiological solutions. Differential centrifugation follows for separating the leucocytes.     

Zur Wahl der organischen Lösungsmittel bei der Gewinnung von Chloroplasten in nichtwässerigem Milieu

Summary For the isolation of chloroplasts in non-aqueous media the following organic solvents are suitable: pentane, hexane, heptane, petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride. These solvents cause a minimum loss of lipids.The loss of lipids and some lipid components of frozendried and ground shoots fromElodea canadensis during the isolation of chloroplasts in non-aqueous media (petroleum ether b. r. 60–80°C and petroleum ether-carbon tetrachloride mixtures) is reported.     

Zur Registrierung von Rückatmung in Nicht-Rückatmungsventilen (Non-Rebreathing Valves)

Summary A simple arrangement for testing the function of a non-rebreathing valve during intermittent positive pressure ventilation is described.The correlation between the valve delay (the period from the beginning of expiration until total closure of the inspiratory channel) and the degree of rebreathing is pointed out.     

Abdrücke aus hochmolekularen Polyamiden von Kristallgitterflächen als Matrizen

Summary The macromolecules of high molecular polyamide films obtained in contact with (100) of KCl, KBr, and sucrose as a matrix are oriented by overgrowth in the form of a characteristic network of fibrils. This network formation of polyamides in contact with the atomic arrangement in crystal lattice planes as a matrix is proposed as a model for antibody formation.     

Zur Stratigraphie der säugetierführenden Schichten von Java

Summary According to recent geological and paleontological investigations thePithecanthropus-beds of Java are pleistocene in age. The examinations of the fossil mammalian faunæ of the island are of utmost importance for this age-determination and the following faunæ can be recognized:Tji Djolang-fauna: Middle Pliocene.Kali Glagah-fauna: Upper Pliocene.Djetis-fauna withPithecanthropus: Lower Pleistocene.Trinil-fauna withPithecanthropus: Middle Pleistocene.Ngandong-fauna withHomo neanderthalensis soloensis: Upper Pleistocene.Sampoeng-fauna with a primitive type of the Wedda-Dravida-Australoid group: Subrecent. — Micropaleontological examinations of smallerForaminifera from marine equivalents of thePithecanthropus-beds confirm the age-determinations based on mammalia. — Recent field investigations prove that the lower and middle pleistocenePithecanthropus-beds are distinctlyfolded by a post-middle-pleistocene movement; the upper pleistocene Ngandong-terraces are not folded at all.     

Eine einfache Methode zur Gewinnung von Exuvialflüssigkeit bei der Honigbiene (Apis mellifica L.)

Summary A simple method is described for obtaining the ecdysial fluid of the honeybee. For this purpose, full-grown worker and drone larvae are taken out of the cells and their cocoons as young prepupae shortly after termination of spinning. They are raised at a temperature of 34.5° to 35° C. The secretion of the moulting fluid begins 12 to 24 h later in all larvae which are ready to pupate. In larvae without a cocoon, the casting of the old cuticle does often not occur, or is incomplete. The secretion gathers abundantly in the body region under the larval skin and can be sucked off without difficulty with fine glass pipettes in a completely pure state for the biochemical analysis.     

Zur Theorie des HCl-Moleküls

Summary The binding energy of the HCl molecule has been recalculated based onGombás's andNeugebauer's statistical method. We now useHartree's andFock's Eigenfunktionen, and our numerical results are better by some percent than the old ones.     

Zur mathematischen Theorie der Signerschen Zerlegungsapparatur zur multiplikativen Verteilung von Substanzen zwischen nichtmischbaren Flüssigkeiten

Summary A short mathematical theory is given of an apparatus developed bySigner et al.¹ used for the separation of chemical mixtures. This theory explains in particular the reduction from the true number of cells of this apparatus to its effective number as established by experimental tests.     

Zur Rolle von Schwermetallionen im Wirkungsmechanismus von Strahlenschädigung und Strahlenschutz

Summary The catalysis of the reaction between H₂O₂ and nucleotides by biologically important metal ions has been studied spectrophotometrically, the importance of complex-formation equilibria for this catalysis was demonstrated. Radiobiological implications are discussed.     

Thermische Denaturierung von Kaltblüter-Enzymproteinen

Summary The temperature, which leads to 50% reduction of catalytic activity by heat denaturation, has been determined for 8 different enzymes from cod muscle, as being in the range between 30 and 52°C. Therefore, there are no indications of a generally different heat resistance of enzymes from cold-blooded animals as compared with those from warm-blooded animals. The same conclusion is derived from calculations ofQ ₁₀-values, measured between +37 and – 37°C for cathepsin and glycylglycine dipeptidase.

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Die Untersuchungen wurden dankenswerterweise durch eine Beihilfe des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums Bonn unterstützt. HerrnDegener, i. Fa. Hanseatische Hochseefischerei A.G., Bremerhaven-F., verdanken wir das Untersuchungsmaterial.     

Die Dünnschichtchromatographie von Gibberellinen

Summary Thin-layer chromatography on silica gel is described as a new method for the separation and identification of the gibberellins A₁, A₃, A₄, A₅, A₇, A₈, and A₉.     

Dünnschicht-Chromatographie von Aminosäuren

Summary Amino acid separation with 6 different solvents on chromatoplates prepared from Kieselgel G (Merck) is described. As demonstrated in Figur 8 and discussed in the text, this technique is equal or superior to paper chromatography.     

Beweis des Steringerüstes von Ouabagenin

Summary Ouabagenin (I) has been degraded stepwise to the known 3-methoxy-17-carbomethoxy-^1,3,5:10-estratriene (XII). Thus the presence of a normal steroid skeleton and the -configuration of the butenolidering at C-17 is proven. The 14-configuration of the hydroxyl at C-14 was also proven. As a result of these and earlier findings, structure I can be definitely assigned to ouabagenin.

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Glykoside und Aglykone, 178. Mitteilung.     

Molekül-Massenspektrographie von Naturstoffen. Steroide

Summary The molecular weight of various steroids (sterols, steroidal sapogenins, and alkaloids) as well as the molecular weight distribution in complex mixtures of similar steroids, has been exactly determined by application of molecule mass spectrography. In this technique, negatively-charged (p – 1) ions are formed, usually without further fragmentation. The advantages and new possibilities of this method are discussed.

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I. Mitteilung.     

Zur reproduzierbarkeit der Rf in der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie

Summary Conditions are discussed which influence Rf¹ on thinlayer chromatograms, and directions are given to guarantee good reproducibility. Variance of Rf on thinlayer chromatograms is of the same order of magnitude as on paper chromatograms.

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Der Ausdruck Rf-Wert ist bei häufiger Wiederholung umständlich. Wir gebrauchen an seiner Stelle: das Rf (Singular), die Rf (Plural).

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Die Mittel zur Durchführung dieser Arbeit verdanken wir Arbeitsbeschaffungskrediten des Bundes (M.B.) sowie einer Studienbeihilfe vom Land Baden-Württemberg (A.N.).     

Hydrodynamisches Ähnlichkeitsprinzip zur Bestimmung von Gelstrukturen aus Durchströmungsversuchen

Summary The permeability of jellies of known structure can be determined by experiments on models by application of a principle of hydrodynamical similarity.     

Neues Verfahren zur Messung von Krümmung und Streuwinkeln von Nebelkammerbahnen

Summary A method is described which allows not only to determine the radius of curvature but also to recognize and eliminate impacts at angles larger than 1°, which the particle suffers in the cloud chamber gas. The size of the angles can be determined. It is shown, moreover, that the sum of the squares of the angles of scattering (for unit of length, calculated from the measured angles) is larger by a factor of 10–100 than the one calculated according to theory.     

Zur Frage des Virusrezeptors von perjodatbehandelten roten Blutkörperchen

Summary Absorption tests have shown that those receptors of the erythrocytes which can be oxydised with JO₄-ions cannot be regarded as identical with the virus receptors.     

Zur Konstitution von Helvolinsäure und Cephalosporin P1

Summary On the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and in agreement with recently reported mass-spectrometric investigations it is shown that the molecular formulae of Helvolic acid and Cephalosporin P₁ must be revised to C₃₃H₄₄O₈ and C₃₃H₅₀O₈ respectively, and that the additional carbon atom is present as an angular methyl group.A comparison with the data obtained with fusidic acid points to a similarity among the three substances which is closer than hitherto suspected.     

Zur Pathogenese des Urämiesyndroms1. Über den Einfluss von Tyramin auf die Acetoinsynthese aus Brenztraubensäure in Rattenleberhomogenat2

Summary Tyramine enhanced the production of acetoin from pyruvate in rat liver homogenates. A stimulation of acetoin synthesis was only observed, when tyramine was oxidized during the incubation. Tyrosol (p-hydroxyphenylethanol) stimulated acetoin synthesis whereasp-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and ammonia were ineffective.

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Mit Unterstützung des »Schweizerischen Nationalfonds» und der Firma F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG, Basel.

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8. Mitteilung. 1. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Path. Microbiol. (Basel)24, 262 (1961). — 2. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Helv. physiol. Acta19, C 11 (1961). — 3. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler undH. Staub, Exper.17, 359 (1961). — 4. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Schweiz. med. Wschr.91, 1259 (1961). — 5. Mitt.:H. Thölen, F. Bigler, A. Heusler, W. Stauffacher undH. Staub, Exper.18, 454 (1962). — 6. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, Schweiz. med. Wschr.92, 746 (1962). — 7. Mitt.:F. Bigler, H. Thölen undH. Staub, in Vorbereitung.