基于人机协作的机器人柔顺示教及再现

针对机器人传统示教方法的局限性,通过分析机器人低速运动状态下的力矩变化,提出基于人机协作的机器人柔顺示教及再现技术;首先建立机器人重力矩和摩擦力矩动力学补偿模型,通过最小二乘法辨识得到机器人重力矩和摩擦力矩,以电机驱动力补偿机器人重力矩和摩擦力矩,以操作者的操作力补偿机器人运动过程中的惯性力、离心力等速度、加速度的相关...     

基于扰动卡尔曼滤波的机器人免力矩传感器拖动示教方法

拖动示教技术操作简便且效率高,更符合现代化的柔性生产,而实现工业机器人的拖动示教需要准确地测量外力与控制由外力所引起的关节运动。为了实现免力矩传感器测量操作者施加的外力,设计一种基于扰动卡尔曼滤波的外力观测器。该观测器通过将关节外力矩作为扰动项,并引入广义动量,建立机器人系统的状态空间方程,进而采用卡尔曼滤波算法得到关节外力矩的最优观测值。其中,为了提高外力的估计精度,提出以刚体动力学模型和深度神经网络相结合的方式建立机器人的动力学模型,该方法不仅避免了关节摩擦力矩的复杂建模过程,而且将模型中未建模的因素通过深度神经网络进行补偿。为了实现机器人在拖动示教过程中的牵引控制,将机器人的关节运动与外力矩之间的动态响应关系等效为一个质量阻尼系统,并提出一种自适应阻尼的导纳控制方法,将观测到的外力矩转换成示教运动的期望关节转角,并根据外力矩的变化趋势自适应地调整系统阻尼参数,以改善机器人的示教效果。实验表明,所建立的动力学模型在预测力矩上具有更低的均方根误差,可减小不少于20%的误差;采用所提出的控制方案在六自由度的工业机器人上实现了免力矩传感器的拖动示教,自适应阻尼调整方法能减少约19%的关节...     

串联弹性驱动器的控制策略应用于工业机器人

为提高工业机器人的控制及示教水平,首先设计串联弹性驱动器关节机械臂零力控制系统和比例-积分-微分(proportion integration differentiation, PID)位置控制系统,然后搭建MATLAB仿真系统,最后采用串联弹性驱动器力跟踪实验的方法,研究了串联弹性驱动器关节机械臂零力控制系统的正确性和控制算法的可行性。结果表明:设计的机器人零力控制系统和控制策略能够提高机器人的柔顺性和控制效率。可见,基于力/位置混合的驱动控制方法,在实现机器人在到达指定位置的同时,能够提高机器人示教水平。     

基于手持导航器的协作机器人引导控制技术研究

现今实际的制造生产工作给机器人的交互性和协作性提出了越来越高的要求,传统的基于机器人示教器控制的交互技术已经越来越难以满足这些需求.为此,提出了一种新型的引导控制技术,采用了基于力/力矩识别的手持导航器,并开发出了可以实现快、慢速控制相互转换的引导控制模式.首先,对导航器的原始数据进行读取和解析,获得其自身的坐标系,建立和机器人的映射关系,并通过标定得出其输出数据与所受力/力矩之间的定量关系.其次,为减少操控过程中操作者的生理抖动和噪声的影响,引入卡尔曼滤波来对其状态进行最优估计.然后,为实现多控制模式的转换,建立变导纳控制模型,通过最小二乘法获得交互力的变化率,从而确定人机交互过程中的导纳参数,进而选取符合操作者意图的控制模式.最后,通过实验有效地验证了该方法在人机交互应用中具备较高的可行性和通用性.     

基于MotoSim EG的安川机器人虚拟示教仿真

工业机器人的示教分为在线示教与虚拟示教两种,文中给出了应用MotoSim EG软件实现安川工业机器人的虚拟示教过程。在机器人及其环境物建模的基础上,完成了机器人工件搬运的示教与编程,进而生成了INFORM III格式的机器人程序代码,通过将程序下载至机器人控制器,验证了虚拟仿真建模的精度与示教程序的可行性。实践应用表明:应用仿真软件能达到预期效果,与现场操作相比具有直观安全、成本低、效率高等优点。     

T/P机器人原理实验台的研制

本文介绍T/P机器人原理实验台的研制。实验台主要由单板机、X—Y笔式记录仪和示教盒组成。示教与再现可通过示教盒实现,具有结构简单、操作方便的特点。实验台软、硬件构成,考虑了直接示教方式。示教盒示教和MDI示教方式并具有插补计算、速度调节等功能,非常适合于在普通高等院校开展多种T/P机器人原理教学,也可用于对机械专业、计算机专业及自动控制专业本科生开展机——电一体化教育。     

面向机器人抓取的双目视觉单步多目标检测方法应用研究

针对工业机器人的抓取技术普遍采用离线示教的方式,目标物的改变就会导致抓取不准的问题,研究了一种面向机器人抓取的双目视觉单目多目标检测方法,强化了机器人的抓取能力;首先搭建机器人抓取视觉检测系统,系统采用双目测距模型定位深度,单步多目标检测器定位像素坐标;通过相机标定和eye-to-Hand手眼标定将图像中的像素坐标以及双目测距模型的深度坐标转换为机器人基坐标的位姿,建立机器人运动学模型完成机器人基坐标到机器人末端坐标的转换,通过ROS实现上位机与机器人通讯,并将定位结果发送给ROS;经过多次实验,表明方法的目标检测误差在3.5 mm以内,深度误差在1.2 mm之内,具有很好的实用推广价值。     

弧焊机器人用数控焊接变位机示教盒系统的设计与实现

采用微机控制技术,以W78E58单片机为核心,设计实现了弧焊机器人用数控焊接变位机的示教盒示教系统.通过示教盒上的键控和显示功能,使操作者顺利实现对变位机运动的示教控制,并把位置信息反馈给操作者实现人机交互的功能.增强了数控焊接变位机对复杂工件的适应性,可完成优质高效的焊接过程.     

仿人形机器人虚拟示教系统的研究与实现

引入虚拟现实技术对仿人形机器人进行三维虚拟示教，对于研究、改善及提高仿人形机器人的运动控制具有非常重要的意义。本文首先介绍了虚拟示教系统的结构，给出了具有七自由度机器手臂和六自由度机器腿的逆运动学计算方法，然后描述了采用三次多项式插值的空间轨迹规划方法及其在虚拟示教系统中的应用，最后将上述方法应用到仿人形机器人三维虚拟示教系统中，通过示教仿人形机器人双足步行和双手指挥交通，仿真实验结果表明了虚拟示教系统的正确性和实用性。     

工业机器人自动磨抛仿真控制的研究

介绍了自动磨抛工业机器人仿真控制的主要组成。采用了视觉系统控制,示教和轨迹控制的理论,实现了工业机器人和自动磨抛系统自身快速、柔性配合。提高了生产效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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