Lead-lag relationship between spot index and futures price of the nikkei stock average

This paper examines the lead-lag relationship between the spot index and futures price of the Nikkei Stock Average. Using daily data in the post-crash period we investigate the interaction between the spot and futures series through the error correction model. Two versions of error correction models are considered, depending on the postulated long-run equilibrium relationship. It is found that lagged changes in the futures price affect the short-term adjustment in the spot index, but not vice versa. Forecasting models for the spot index are also constructed using the univariate time series approach and the vector autoregressive method. For the post-sample forecast comparison the error correction models produce the best results. The vector autoregressive method performs better than the martingale model, while the univariate time series method gives the poorest forecasts.     

Diet influences the colonisation of Campylobacter jejuni and distribution of mucin carbohydrates in the chick intestinal tract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of diet on the colonisation by Campylobacter jejuni of the chick caeca, and to determine whether the viscosity of the intestinal contents and mucin carbohydrates were altered by the diet. The diets investigated were maize based, wheat-based or wheat-based supplemented with xylanase. The xylanase-supplemented diet reduced the viscosity and lowered the numbers of Camp. jejuni. Feeding the enzyme-supplemented diet increased the amount of neutral and sulphated mucins in the goblet cells of the small and large intestines and caecum. An abundance of sulphated and carboxylated mucins was seen in the surface goblet cells of the large intestine with the maize- and wheat-based diets. Both the diet supplemented with xylanase and the maize diets increased crypt-surface glycosylation of the sialic acid residues. The analysed data from the combined sites showed significant differences in the amount of neutral and acidic mucins when comparing the wheat and the wheat plus xylanase diets. However, no changes were shown in the staining intensity of sulphated mucins between the three diets. Significant differences in the glycosylation of sialic acid and in the N-acetylglucosamine residues were shown between dietary groups. These results provide evidence that the wheat diet supplemented with xylanase leads to greater changes in the mucin composition and carbohydrate expression of goblet cell glycoconjugates, which are associated with a reduction in intestinal viscosity and decreased numbers of Camp. jejuni.     

Regional distribution of pancreatic polypeptide cells in the 21-day fetal rat pancreas

Summary 21-day fetal rat pancreata were stained with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique using bovine pancreatic polypeptide as the primary antibody. Total counts of pancreatic polypeptide cells were made over the entire pancreas. It was found that the head region contained the greatest number of pancreatic polypeptide cells with the body next and the tail having the smallest number. The pancreatic polypeptide cells of the body were concentrated in the portion closest to the distal duodenum. This distribution pattern seems to support the suggested role of pancreatic polypeptide on the physiological function of the digestive tract.The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr R. McEvoy, T. Whittlsey, G. Wassilchenko and D. Wilson for their assistance in this study. To whom reprint requests should be addressed.     

A simple procedure for the photometric evaluation of incidental findings on the recording strips of the Burkard pollen-and-spore trap

Summary Reference is made to a procedure for evaluating certain incidental findings presented by particles of soot or dust on the adhesive strips of the Burkard pollen-and-spore trap or the slides of the similar Hirst apparatus. For this an evaluating device is recommended that is generally used for pherograms in large hospitals today. The often very noticeable streaks of soot or dust particles on the adhesive layer can be assessed with this method. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the time of the occurrence of the particles and possibly to relate them to the velocity and direction of the wind, and also eventually to detect the source of the polluting material.Acknowledgments. We would like to thank Prof. R. Schuppli, director of the Dermatological Department of the Basel Cantonal Hospital, for making it possible to carry out extended monitoring of airborne particles. Our special thanks go to Dr H.P. Rieder, head of the protein-testing laboratory of the Basel Cantonal Hospital, for enabling the examinations with the pherogram evaluator to be made. Finally, we wish to thank the Swiss National Foundation for the Advancement of Scientific Research who has made a grant-in-aid available to Dr R.M. Leuschner for monitoring airborne particles.     

机器人的鲁棒控制

主要研究了机器人系统的鲁棒控制。介绍了机器人的鲁棒控制模型后,利用最优控制问题求解鲁棒控制,这种方法降低的构造Liapunov函数的难度。只需要求解一个代数的黎卡提方程,便可得到最优控制器,而且证明了这个最优控制器也是鲁棒控制器。但又由于基于这种方法得到的控制器较复杂而难以实现,而且能得到渐近稳定的定性结果,而不能得到其平衡点的衰减速率以及平衡点的吸引域的估计。因此在本文的第三部分中应用了算子非线性测废理论。基于非线性测度方法求解的鲁棒控制器,不仅简单易求,而且克服了压缩映像原理估计压缩常数的困难,在得到系统渐近稳定性的同时得到了系统平衡点的衰减速度和吸引域的估计。最后给出了两关节机器人鲁棒控制的的实例。由于控制器设计与f（X）无关,相关结果会比较保守,可为相关设计研究提供一些参考。     

Differentiation antigens in keratinocytes II: cytoplasmic specificity expressed in the basal cell of the external root sheath of hairs but not in the basal cells of epidermis]

By means of indirect immunofluorescence with sera obtained from patients after bone marrow transplantation it has been demonstrated that antibodies were reacting with the cytoplasm of basal cells ((C.B.C.) in the external root sheath of hairs (E.R.S.). Some sera were found to react with C.B.C. of the E.R.S. but not with the C.B.C of the epidermis. The change in the antigenic properties of the basal cells was found to be situated at the orifice of the sebaceous gland duct.     

Theearly andlate processing of lysosomal enzymes: Proteolysis and compartmentation

Lysosomal enzymes are subjected to a number of modifications including carbohydrate restructuring and proteolytic maturation. Some of these reactions support lysosomal targeting, others are necessary for activation or keeping the enzyme inactive before being segregated, while still others may be adventitious. The non-segregated fraction of the enzyme is secreted and can be isolated from the medium. It is considered that the secreted lysosomal enzymes fulfill certain physiological and pathophysiological roles. By comparing the secreted and the intracellular enzymes it is possible to distinguish between the reactions that occur before and after the segregation. In this review the reactions that may influence the segregation are referred to as the early processing and those characteristic for the enzymes isolated from lysosomal compartments as the late processing. The early processing is characterized mainly by modifications of carbohydrate side chains. In the late processing, proteolytic fragmentation represents the most conspicuous changes. The review focuses on the compartmentation of the reactions and the proteolytic fragmentation of lysosomal enzyme precursors. While a plethora of proteolytic reactions are involved, our knowledge of the proteinases responsible for the particular maturation reactions remains very limited. The review points also to work with cells from patients affected with lysosomal storage disorders, which contributed to our understanding of the lysosomal apparatus.     

三值光学计算机解码器的理论、技术和实现

经过十余年发展,三值光学计算机系统的解码器已经形成了一个比较完整的理论．本文从解码器的实践中抽象出三值光学计算机解码器的理论结构,并介绍地址标定、阈值设定、偏色纠正、坏点剔除和目标画面判断等关键技术的要点,阐明了这些技术的内在联系．通过对实用解码器的描述,介绍了从解码器的理论结构到实用结构的合理简化和各项技术的实现方案,以及解码器的工作流程．     

信息系统功能增强的多活性代理方法研究

本文在现有多活性代理复杂信息系统理论及其方法的研究基础上,进一步阐述了多活性代理理论体系的基本概念、活性代理的内涵;提出了活性度的概念、特性以及表征;基于活性度的研究,讨论了通过代理活性保持、协商协调增强信息系统的活性方法.首先,从组成复杂信息系统的集合、空间等概念出发,明确了多活性代理复杂信息系统理论体系所涉及的基本概念,以及这些基本概念之间的关系;其次,根据复杂信息系统功能层次上特点与活性自组织机理,提出了代理活性度的概念,并详细探讨了代理活性度的特性、表征及应用实例;同时,从活性的丧失、感知、调整以及判断决策等几个方面给出了多活性代理复杂信息系统活性保持策略;最后,本文详细探讨了多活性代理功能保持的协商协调机理、方法.上述研究成果进一步完善了多活性代理理论体系,并初步给出了代理活性和系统活性的定量表征表示方法,为进一步开展多活性代理复杂信息系统的理论和应用研究奠定了基础.